The epidemiology of sports-related fractures in adolescents

Objective

To examine the epidemiology of sports-related fractures in adolescents aged 10-19 years.

Methods

All fractures in adolescents presenting to the Royal Hospital for Sick Children and the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh in a one-year period were prospectively documented and all sports-related fractures retrospectively examined. These two hospitals have a defined population facilitating epidemiological studies.

Results

There were 408 adolescent sports-related fractures giving an overall incidence of 5.63/1000/year. The gender ratio was 87/13% male/female and 84% were upper limb fractures. Thirty sports produced 22 different fracture types. Football, rugby and skiing accounted for 66.2% of the fractures. The commonest fractures were in the finger phalanges (28.7%), distal radius and ulna (23.0%) and metacarpus (12.7%).

Conclusions

Sport-related fractures are common in adolescents, particularly in males. They tend to be low-energy injuries affecting the upper limb in particular. Few require operative treatment although their frequency means that they impose significant demands on orthopaedic surgeons and health systems.     

螺纹弹性髓内钉闭合复位内固定治疗锁骨骨折

目的 设计一种螺纹弹性髓内钉(threaded elastic intramedullary nail,TEIN),观察其在闭合复位下固定锁骨骨折的疗效.方法 用钛合金(Tc4)或不锈钢(317L)材料加工TEIN,直径1.5、2.0和2.5 mm三种,长250 mm.TEIN近端为正圆锥体尖,相邻有15-150 mm长,且高出于钉体0.5 mm的自攻螺纹;远端为正三角形刃.2004年1月至2008年1月,采用闭合复位内固定55例(56根)锁骨骨折患者.男44例.女11例;年龄9-72岁,中位年龄31.0岁.内1/3横行骨折4根,中1/3骨折41根(横行骨折11根,斜行骨折17根,粉碎性骨折13根),外1/3骨折11根(按Craig分型:Ⅱ型7根.V型4根).结果 手术时间15-60 min,平均35.6 min.术后6-24周取出TEIN,平均取钉时间为8.8周.随访时间1-4年,平均3.4年.骨折恢复解剖学形态者33例(58.9%);恢复解剖学长度,对位较好17例(30.4%);4例中1/3粉碎性骨折,2例外1/3 Craig V型骨折骨折片未复位;总复位优良率为89.3%.中1/3骨折于肩锁关节内侧断钉1例;皮下形成滑囊24例(42.9%);局部皮肤形成压疮Ⅰ期14例,Ⅱ期5例(33.9%).外1/3骨折者术后1年时,肩关节Constant总评分为87.1(79.0-100.0)分.结论 TEIN可以闭合复位固定治疗锁骨骨折,具有微创、美观、促进骨折愈合和减少并发症等优点.     

多轴锁定钢板治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折的初步疗效分析

目的 报告多轴锁定钢板治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折的方法及初步疗效. 方法 2006年7月至2007年6月,采用开放复位、多轴锁定钢板内固定治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折25例,闭合性骨折21例,开放性骨折4例;骨折按Schatzker分型:Ⅳ型6例,Ⅴ型16例,Ⅵ型3例;根据影像学测量结果及HSS评分标准进行临床效果评定.结果 所有患者术后获得7～15个月(平均10.5个月)随访,骨折4～6个月后骨折均获骨性愈合,术后6个月膝关节HSS评分78～96分,平均88.4分.发生皮瓣坏死1例,切口局部感染1例,无一例发生内固定松动、断裂或骨折复位丢失现象.术后1周、3个月及6个月的内翻角和后倾角比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05). 结论胫骨平台多轴锁定钢板操作简便,锁定螺钉置入角度选择性高,内固定稳定性好,避免了原始及继发复位的丢失,是手术治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折安全、有效的内固定方法.     

透视影像导航经皮螺钉内固定治疗不稳定骨盆骨折的初步报告

目的 探讨透视导航下经皮螺钉内固定治疗不稳定骨盆骨折的适应证及方法 ,初步评估手术效果. 方法 2006年8月至2008年9月收治16例骨盆骨折患者,根据Tile分型:B2型2例,B3型3例;C2型8例(2例合并髋臼骨折),C3型3例(1例合并髋臼骨折).透视导航经皮骶髂螺钉内固定14例26枚螺钉,耻骨支螺钉9例15枚螺钉,耻骨联合螺钉4例4枚螺钉,髋臼前柱螺钉2例2枚螺钉.术后根据影像资料评估螺钉位置及骨折愈合情况,分别记录骶髂螺钉、耻骨支螺钉、耻骨联合螺钉、髋臼前柱螺钉的平均每枚螺钉置入时间、术中透视时间. 结果 11例患者术后获平均(119.6±2.3)d(63～527 d)随访.骨折愈合时间平均为(67.7±9.7)d.3例患者术后有轻微会阴区及下肢麻木症状,无其他螺钉置入的相关并发症发生.术后X线片及CT确认所有螺钉位置均满意.平均每枚骶髂螺钉、耻骨支螺钉、耻骨联合螺钉、髋臼前柱螺钉的置入时间和术中透视时间分别为(26.39±6.23)、(0.57±0.03)min,(18.20±1.59)、(0.61±0.13)min,(13.70±2.13)、(0.33±0.06)min,(19.40±0.79)、(0.63±0.02)min.结论 不稳定骨盆骨折中的骶髂关节脱位或者骶骨骨折、耻骨支骨折、耻骨联合分离是术中透视影像导航下经皮螺钉固定治疗的适应证,导航下经皮螺钉固定治疗不稳定骨盆骨折具有微创、精确、安全的优点.     

Posterior multifragmentation of the femoral neck: Does it portend a poor outcome in internally fixed intracapsular hip fractures?

Aim

To establish whether posterior multifragmentation of intracapsular proximal femoral fractures leads to an increased incidence of non-union and avascular necrosis following internal fixation by contemporary methods.

Methods

After preoperative radiography which was evaluated for posterior fragmentation, 1042 intracapsular hip fractures (471 undisplaced and 571 displaced) were treated with reduction and internal fixation. The rates of non-union and avascular necrosis in the presence or absence of fragmentation were compared in both undisplaced and displaced groups.

Results

The undisplaced cases comprised 460 non-fragmented and 11 fragmented fractures. The complication rates were 14% and 18%, respectively. Displaced fractures consisted of 489 non-fragmented and 82 fragmented cases. In this group, complication rates were 43% and 40%, respectively. No difference was statistically significant.

Conclusions

Using current methods of internal fixation of intracapsular hip fractures, there is no significant association between the posterior multifragmentation of the femoral neck observed on preoperative radiography and the later development of fracture healing complications.     

Two kinds of posterior approach for Kümmell's disease after osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture

To compare the surgical results of two kinds of posterior approach for osteoporotic thoracolum-bar Kummell's disease.Methods: Clinical and radiographic results of 1-seg-mental pedicle screw fixation combined with vertebroplasty (Group A, n=12) or posterior shortening osteotomy (Group B, n=16) for osteoporotic thoracolumbar Kummell's disease were analyzed retrospectively. Japanese orthopedic asso-ciation (JOA) and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were used for clinical evaluation. Neurological status was judged by Frankel grades. X-ray was used to evaluate the radio-graphic results. Complications related to operation and de-vices were also considered. Results: The follow-up period was 12-54 months (average 29 months). Pre- and post-operative VAS were 9.3 and 3.2 in Group A, 8.9 and 2.5 in Group B, respectively. The mean JOA score at the final follow-up was significantly higher than that of pre-operation (t=5.306, P<0.001). There was no sig-nificant difference between Groups A and B (t=0.618, P>0.05). The kyphosis were corrected from preoperative 33.9°(A)/37.3°(B) to postoperative 10.3°(A)/6.5°(B), and 15.3°(A)/13.7°(B) at the final follow-up. There was a significant difference between the two groups at the final follow-up. Frankel grade was improved from grade C preoperatively to postopera-tively grade D or E in 7 cases of Group A and 5 cases of Group B, from grade D to E in 5 cases of Group A and 11 cases of Group B. The mean improvement was 1.6 and 1.7 grades for Groups A and B, respectively. There were no serious complications related to internal fixation. Conclusions: The similar clinical results can be ob-tained by the two kinds of posterior surgical methods for osteoporotic Ktimmell's disease. Posterior spinal shorten-ing is a better choice for patients with serious kyphosis combined with neurological deficit than the other.     

Influence of distal tibiofibular synostosis on ankle function

Objective: To study the influence distal tibiofibular synostosis on ankle function.Methods: From October 1998 to October 2004,a total of 281 consecutive patients underwent operations because of ankle fractures or distal fractures of the tibia and fibula.Distal tibiofibular synostosis occurred after operation in 8 Patients.The duration of follow-up averaged 20.6 months (14-44 months).The ankle function was assessed on the basis of functional rating system described by Mazur.1Results: According to Mazur's ankle evaluation system,4 patients achieved an excellent result,2 a good result and 2 a fair result.The dorsiflexion of the synostosis ankle reduced by 8.26 degrees as compared with that of the contralateral ankle.and there was little influence on the plantar flexion.All the Patients had a normal gait.Conclusion: The distal tibiofibular synostosis after the operation of ankle fractures or distal fractures of the tibia and fibula usually gives rise to few symptoms and needs no specific treatment.     

带锁髓内针治疗股骨干骨折术后旋转不稳定所致不愈合的诊断和治疗

的带锁髓内针重新固定,或者辅助钢板固定,加上自体骨植骨是治疗这种不愈合的有效方法.     

开窗植骨内固定治疗跟骨关节内骨折

跟骨骨折多为高处坠落纵向负荷作用于足跟部所致,分为关节内骨折和关节外骨折。波及距下关节的关节内骨折属常见骨折,是一种严重而复杂的创伤,治疗不当病残率高,笔者自2003年3月至2007年10月采用开窗植骨内固定治疗跟骨关节内骨折84例92足,效果满意,现报告如下：     

手法复位石膏外固定治疗踝关节骨折

踝关节骨折是常见的关节内骨折,如治疗不当,很易引起关节功能障碍和创伤性关节炎。2005年3月至2007年11月采用手法闭合复位,“U”形石膏外固定配合早期功能锻炼治疗本病53例,取得满意疗效,报告如下。