抚州市黎川县水灾后疫情风险评估

[目的]为有效做好灾后防病工作,对受灾地区的传染病疫情风险进行评估。[方法]经过现场调查,把采集的信息与世界卫生组织灾后疫情风险评估要点进行对比。[结果]调查结果与世界卫生组织灾后疫情风险评估要点比对,无显著冲突。[结论]黎川县灾后发生大的传染病疫情的风险较小。     

长江洪水中日本血吸虫尾蚴分布及其对人群血吸虫感染的影响

目的阐明长江洪水中日本血吸虫尾蚴分布及其对人群血吸虫感染的影响。方法采用哨鼠测定法,观察洪水中血吸虫尾蚴分布及其漂移扩散范围。通过对距阳性螺地带不同距离人群血吸虫感染情况,分析水体尾蚴分布对人群血吸虫感染的影响。结果长江洪水中血吸虫尾蚴主要分布在距阳性螺点2000m以内的区域,人群血吸虫感染率与距阳性螺点的距离呈负相关关系(rs=-0.976,P<0.01),居住在距阳性螺1000m以内者人群血吸虫感染率显著高于1000m以外人群(χ2=6.145,P=0.013)。结论长江洪水中尾蚴分布及人群血吸虫率与距阳性螺点的距离呈负相关关系。     

从中国国际救援队赴巴基斯坦医疗救援谈洪灾后疾病防控

2010年7月巴基斯坦水灾发生后,武警总医院中国国际救援医疗队在水灾最严重的特达地区建立了规模最大、专科最齐全、技术最先进的流动医院,全程参与了水灾后各个时期的患者救治和疾病防控,笔者通过病例总结深入分析了洪涝灾害发生后疾病发生与流行的因素,参考国内外相关资料,结合此次巴基斯坦洪灾后医疗救助的经验和教训,就此类事件提出应对措施,为今后国内外洪灾后疾病防控提供借鉴。     

洪灾救援中某部武警官兵伤病发生特点与规律的调查分析

目的了解洪灾救援中武警官兵伤病发生的特点和规律,以便在行动前及时做好救援准备和卫勤保障工作,使灾害卫生救援措施迅速到位。方法采用国际疾病分类方法（ICD-10）对发生疾病进行分类,计算伤病发生数及构成比,分析伤病的系统构成与内部构成。结果洪灾救援行动中,参战人员各系统疾病均有不同程度的发生,其中皮肤病占总发病数的37．5％;呼吸系统疾病占28．24％;消化系统疾病占13．45％;传染病与寄生虫病占2．95％。救援前线官兵南北地区食源性疾病发病情况有显著差异（P〈0．05）;抗洪救灾中随着任务进程延长,伤病的发生呈现出一定的规律,第1、2周呼吸系统疾病多见,皮肤病和皮下组织疾病在第2周逐渐上升,第3、4周达到高峰,消化系统疾病和传染病寄生虫疾病一直呈上升的现象,显示了不同时间段各系统疾病有显著差异。结论参加洪灾救援官兵伤病发生呈多元性的特点。应根据洪涝灾害对卫生减员的影响因素分析参战官兵的伤病特点及规律,及早采取有针对性的预防对策,使救援上作及卫勤保障工作有效得力,减少伤病减员确保部队的战斗力。     

某市直机关人员血脂水平及分布特征

目的 探讨某市直机关人员的血脂水平和分布特征.方法 采用分层整群抽样的方法,对菏泽市直机关25～72岁工作人员20000名作为调查对象,对其进行问卷调查、体格检验及血脂检测.将调查对象分为25～35岁组、36～45岁组、46～55岁组和56～65岁组、66～75岁组.分析血脂异常情况及分布特征.结果 总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平在不同年龄人群之间的差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.01）.36岁及以上人群各项血脂指标均显著高于25～35岁组（P均＜0.01）.男性的胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平均高于女性（P均＜0.01）.男性的血脂异常患病率显著高于女性（51.14％比12.03％,P＜0.01）.高胆固醇血症、高甘油三酯症、低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症和高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症的患病率均随着年龄的增加而升高,趋势性检验显示差别均有统计学意义（P均＜0.01）.结论 菏泽市直机关单位职工血脂异常的患病率较高.男性血脂异常患病率高于女性,36岁及以上职工的各项血脂指标均高于36岁以下职工.     

Management of Flood syndrome: What can we do better?

Approximately 20% of cirrhotic patients with ascites develop umbilical herniation. These patients usually suffer from multisystemic complications of cirrhosis, have a significantly higher risk of infection, and require accurate surveillance– especially in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The rupture of an umbilical hernia, is an uncommon, life-threatening complication of large-volume ascites and end-stage liver disease resulting in spontaneous paracentesis, also known as Flood syndrome. Flood syndrome remains a challenging condition for clinicians, as recommendations for its management are lacking, and the available evidence for the best treatment approach remains controversial. In this paper, four key questions are addressed regarding the management and prevention of Flood syndrome: (1) Which is the best treatment approach–conservative treatment or urgent surgery? (2) How can we establish the individual risk for herniation and possible hernia rupture in cirrhotic patients? (3) How can we prevent umbilical hernia ruptures? And (4) How can we manage these patients in the conditions created by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic?     

湖北省洪涝灾害易发地区居民重点传染病预防素养现状调查

目的了解湖北省洪涝灾害易发地区居民重点传染病预防素养水平。方法采用多阶段分层系统随机抽样的方法,对湖北省1区1县的居民进行问卷调查。结果洪涝灾害易发地区居民具备重点传染病预防素养的比例为4.1%,且在城乡、年龄和文化程度方面差异有统计学意义;具备重点传染病知识、相关健康生活行为方式、药品说明书阅读理解和相关行为操作4方面素养的比例分别为8.6%、44.8%、19.2%和9.5%;洪涝灾害易发地区居民认为有效的传染病知识传播渠道排名前3位为电视(76.2%)、看病时听医生讲(67.4%)和亲戚朋友介绍(55.6%)。结论洪涝灾害地区居民的传染病预防素养水平较低;应重点加强对农村地区居民、高年龄组、低文化程度群体和无灾时期的健康教育;当地的健康传播形式,应以电视传播和人际传播为主,其他形式为辅。     

洪涝灾害公众健康防护建议

洪涝灾害是世界范围内最严重的自然灾害之一,对受灾群众造成不可估量的影响。本研究参照我国相关法规、应急手册,结合广泛的文献、资料调研进行综合分析与提炼,并根据流行病学与相关防护证据和专家咨询,分类解析洪涝灾害的环境健康危害因素,从事前预防、事中干预、事后救助的策略角度提出针对公众的多环节、多人群、分阶段的综合防护措施,为推进受洪涝灾害影响的公众健康防护水平、改善公众健康结局提供科学依据。     

中国国际救援队首批赴巴基斯坦洪灾医疗救援实践

2010年8月26日至9月16日,中国国际救援队第一批医疗队共36人,开赴巴基斯坦洪灾区信德省Thatta市展开灾害救援。带去了价值一千余万元人民币的医疗物资。婴幼儿的营养和卫生用品也在流动医院适当发放。流动医院救治了11243名患者,一半以上是妇女和儿童。皮肤病是最主要的常见病。这次医疗实践的成功经验包括先进的管理理念,严格的组织管理,良好的沟通合作,紧急情况的及时处理,专业的医疗水平,完善的组织体系,充足的医疗救援物资。     

The persistence of flood-borne pathogens on building surfaces under drying conditions

Previous research into microbial persistence on material surfaces following flooding has produced a wide range of results due to differing experimental conditions, including the temperature and humidity conditions of the experimental material and/or surrounding air. However, investigations to identify and quantify these factors and their links to the hygrothermal properties of building materials and the transient environmental conditions are rarely reported. This paper examines the viability of bacterial species on drying material surfaces that have been saturated with water or synthetic sewage. Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis were inoculated on brick, wood, or plaster and allowed to dry at the conditions intended to mimic the remediation environments commonly found in domestic dwellings following a flood event. The inactivation rates were compared between environmental conditions, water type and the material properties of the surfaces. Significant differences were found in the declines in E. coli according to water type, the surface relative humidity and air relative humidity and between drying rates for sewage floods. Simulations using hygrothermal software were performed to illustrate the wide variation in material drying rates under different scenarios, taking into account material size, wall composition, and ventilation. The significantly differing rates of microbial death on flooded building materials under different drying regimes suggest that building simulation models can be useful tools for predicting the level and duration of microbial contamination in buildings following a flood event. A better understanding of microbial survival on drying surfaces can be used to assess the health risks to occupants in flood affected properties.