烟雾病11例临床分析

自１９８５年至今，我院收治１１例经脑血管造影诊断的烟雾病患者。按照日本厚生省本病诊断标准，９例为确诊病例，表现为双侧颈内动脉末端、前动脉、中动脉起始部狭窄或闭塞，其中６例在双侧颅底可见烟雾状异常血管网，３例见单侧血管网；２例为可疑病例，仪表现为单侧上述异常改变。强调应严格烟雾病的诊断。本组采用颞浅动脉一硬膜脑贴敷术治疗患者１例，效果良好，结合日本该病治疗现状讨论，间接血行再建方法仍不失为烟雾病患者的合理治疗方法。     

Dose-dependent headache response and dilatation of limb and extracranial arteries after three doses of 5-isosorbide-mononitrate

Summary The aim of the present study was to compare the ability of different doses of isosorbide-5-mononitrate (5-ISMN) to cause dilatation of medium sized and small arteries, and to examine the intensity and duration of any headache produced. Ten healthy volunteers each received 3 doses of 5-ISMN and placebo on separate days. The diameters of the radial and superficial temporal arteries were repeatedly measured with high frequency ultrasound and pain was scored using a 10 point verbal scale.A clear dose-relationship was found for plasma concentrations and headache, and for changes in the diameter of the temporal artery, but not for the radial artery.It is concluded that headache after 5-ISMN is caused by arterial dilatation or by mechanisms responsible for the arterial dilatation. Ultrasound monitoring of arterial diameters is an important and sensitive tool in the evaluation of nitrates and other vasodilators.     

In vivo comparison of two through-plane MR velocity mapping methods: Fast fourier encoding and phase mapping

Magnetic resonance imaging maps of velocity were acquired with a 1.5-T system in 10 subjects in a plane perpendicular to the main pulmonary artery. Velocity images were successively acquired with a method developed from Fourier-encoding velocity imaging (FEVI) principles with eight gradient steps and one excitation, and with two-point phase-subtraction mapping. Reconstruction in FEVI was implemented by zero-filling interpolation around the eight gradient steps and then around the four central steps. The methods were compared by using estimates of noise in velocity measurements based on the difference between the experimental map and a smooth fitted map. For the same acquisition time, FEVI with four encoding steps was more precise in velocity measurements than phase mapping. Precision was further increased by the use of eight encoding steps, but acquisition time was doubled.     

How Cluster Headache is Explained as an Intracavernous Inflammatory Process Lesioning Sympathetic Fibers

SYNOPSIS
A large body of evidence points to an inflammatory process in the cavernous sinus and tributary veins as being primarily responsible for cluster headaches. The inflammation obliterates the venous outflow from the cavernous sinus on one side and injures the through-running sympathetic fibers to the eye, upper eye lid, forehead skin, and the intracranial internal carotid artery and its branches. The active period ends when the inflammation is suppressed and the sympathetic fibers partially or fully recover. Evidence is presented that the symptoms suggestive of an enhanced parasympathetic activity during attacks may alternatively be explained as local pain fiber activation or a stasis in the outflow from the cavernous sinus. Vasodilator agents like nitroglycerin induce an attack by enhancing the venous load on the cavernous sinus. Constriction of the proximal intracranial internal carotid artery, spontaneously induced by tressful pain activation of the perivascular sympathetic nerves, or by exogenous administration of serotonin 1 D-like receptor agonists or oxygen, terminates the venous load and thus the pain and associated symptoms.     

一阶导数光谱法测定丙吡胺尿药浓度及其缓释片的相对生物利用度

本文报道了用导数光谱法测定磷酸丙吡胺的尿药浓度,本方法能消除尿中杂质干扰,测定结果准确。6名受试者交叉口服磷酸丙吡胺缓释片和普通片,测得尿药浓度计算消除速度常数K,排泄速率(Δx/Δt)_(max) 所需时间,证明缓稀片药物排泄慢,药效维持时间长,且缓释片的相对生物利用度与普通片基本相同。     

Evaluation of renal first pass blood flow with a functional image technique in hypertensive patients

The renal circulation of patients with essential hypertension and renovascular hypertension was evaluated using ^99mTc-DTPA. The first renal peak count (the first C_max; FC_max), time phase distribution (the first T_max; FT_max), and blood velocity (the FC_max/FT_max) were calculated by digital imaging. This yields a visual image of the renal circulation. We consider that the increase in the renal first pass blood flow in patients with essential hypertension is best observed pixel by pixel. The FC_max and FC_max/FT_max images before and after treatment by percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty in patients with renovascular hypertension clearly show its therapeutic effect. The FI technique, therefore, has the advantage that it can be performed at the same time as the conventional routine examinations of renal function. This makes it very useful clinically.     

颈动脉分叉血液动力状态的计算流体力学初步研究

目的应用计算流体力学（CFD）方法结合血管影像显示在体颈动脉分叉的血流动力状态.方法选取1例志愿者,采用Siemens多层螺旋CT机行左侧颈动脉CT血管成像检查（CTA）,扫描所得原始图像经计算机后处理后,用CFD方法计算并显示血液动力学各项指标.结果（1）该血管血液流率均值范围为0.04～0.36 m/s,颈外和颈内动脉的内侧壁（均以分叉顶点为参照）可见一高血流速区,球部可见较大片低血流速区;颈动脉分叉及颈内、外动脉近端均可见血液涡流与回流.（2）血液绝对压、静态压和动态压的均值范围分别为100 266.70～101 615.90 Pa、-10 58.34～290.88 Pa、6.12～553.25 Pa;（3）管壁切应力均值范围为0.59～5.35 Pa,在颈动脉球部及颈内动脉后壁显示大范围的低切应力区,最低约为0.25 Pa,颈外动脉前外侧壁存在一小范围低切应力区.结论CFD方法结合血管影像能计算并显示在体颈动脉分叉的个体化血液动力学指标.     

Treatment of experimentally induced atherosclerosis in swine iliac arteries: A comparison of self-expanding and balloon-expanded stents

Atherosclerosis was induced in 20 Hanford miniature swine. Subsequently, one iliac artery lesion in each of 16 pigs was stented with either a self-expanding (8 pigs) or a balloon-expanded (8 pigs) stent. Immediately after stent placement, 4 animals in each group were taken off the atherogenic diet and continued on normal chow for the remainder of the study. Four months after stents were placed, atherosclerosis and the mural changes associated with the stent were more clearly evident in the arteries of the pigs continued on the atherogenic diet. These pigs also exhibited significantly more neointimal proliferation. In addition, the arteries containing the balloon-expanded stents showed more extensive and complex intimal changes when compared with arteries with self-expanding stents. Although both stent designs were equally effective in maintaining vascular patency, the balloon-expanded stent was more traumatic to the vessel wall which resulted in a significantly greater neointimal thickness.     

混合牙列期提前拔除下颌第一乳磨牙对继承恒牙萌出的影响

目的 探索提前拔除下颌第一乳磨牙对加速继承恒牙萌出的影响，产生有利于序列拔牙的萌出顺序。方法 筛选13例牙列拥挤的患儿，当其下颌第一双尖牙根长超过1／2时，拔除一侧的下颌第一乳磨牙。用患儿的对侧牙做对照组。结果 拔牙侧有9例患儿第一双尖牙先于尖牙萌出，4例患儿尖牙先于第一双尖牙萌出；对照侧尖牙均先于第一双尖牙萌出。结论 提前拔除下颌第一乳磨牙，可使第一双尖牙先于尖牙萌出。但在第一双尖牙被阻碍或尖牙无阻碍的情况下．难以达到促萌目的。     

背根神经节内P物质、降钙素基因相关肽免疫阳性神经元与阴茎包皮系带感觉信息的传递

目的：探讨背根神经节（DRG）内P物质（SP）、降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）免疫阳性神经元与阴茎包皮系带感觉信息传递之问的关系。方法：通过荧光金（FG）逆行标记对大鼠阴茎包皮系带内神经末梢的来源作追踪定位，并结合SP、CGRP免疫荧光标记法，研究大鼠DRG内FG标记阳性神经元中SP、CGRP免疫阳性神经元的形态和分布。结果：FG逆行标记结果发现，大鼠阴茎包皮系带内的神经末梢起源于第6腰髓对应的背根神经节（L6-DRG）和第1骶髓对应的背根神经节（S1-DRG）的神经元。对这些神经元分别作SP、CGRP免疫荧光标记后发现，标记细胞大小不等，分别呈深红色和深绿色，沿神经束成行排列或散在分布。FG／SP、FG／CGRP双标记阳性细胞均为中小型，其数量分别占FG逆行标记阳性细胞总数的1／3和1／2，FG／SP／CGRP三标记阳性细胞占FG逆行标记阳性细胞总数的1／5。结论：大鼠L6-DRG和S1-DRG内的SP、CGRP免疫阳性神经元可能参与阴茎包皮系带感觉信息的传递。