芒针透刺督脉组穴配合隔姜灸治疗脑卒中后睡眠障碍疗效及机制研究

目的:以芒针透刺督脉组穴配合隔姜灸对脑卒中后睡眠障碍患者进行干预治疗,观察患者睡眠改善情况及血清5-羟色胺(5-HT)、去甲肾上腺素(NA)和乙酰胆碱(Ach)水平变化,并分析其机制。方法:将同期收治的76例脑卒中后睡眠障碍患者采用随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组各38例。两组均给予脑卒中后常规西医康复治疗,在此基础上对照组辅以传统针灸治疗,观察组采用芒针透刺督脉组穴配合隔姜灸治疗,均连续治疗8周。治疗前后分别测定两组匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、睡眠状况自评量表(SSRS)、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分,据以计算睡眠障碍治疗总有效率;检测两组血清5-HT、NA和Ach水平,并观察有无不良反应。结果:两组治疗后PSQI、SSRS、NIHSS评分均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),且观察组治疗后各评分均明显低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组和对照组睡眠障碍治疗总有效率分别为92.11%、76.38%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗后血清5-HT、NA、Ach水平均较治疗前明显提高(P<0.05),且观察组治疗后各指标均明显高于对照组(P<0.05);两组在治疗期间均未发生明显不良反应。结论:芒针透刺督脉组穴配合隔姜灸治疗脑卒中后睡眠障碍安全有效,可明显改善患者预后,机制可能与上调神经递质水平有关。     

双腔气囊小肠镜对小肠炎症性疾病相关狭窄的治疗

目的：探讨双腔气囊小肠镜的内镜下球囊扩张(endoscopic balloon dilation,EBD)和狭窄切开(endoscopic stricturotomy with needle knife,NKSt)对于小肠炎症性疾病相关狭窄治疗的安全性及有效性。方法：收集2015年7月至 2018年9月在中南大学湘雅三医院行双腔气囊小肠镜狭窄治疗的患者14例,病变部位16处,内镜下干预16次(EBD 11次 和NKSt 5次)。术后定期随访,观察患者的临床症状缓解和复发情况,以及是否能替代外科手术。结果：14例患者均 成功行内镜治疗,操作成功率100%,未发生穿孔、大出血等严重并发症。EBD和NKSt患者分别在随访5.9~35.3(中位 数26.1)个月及1.6~17.8(中位数8.3)个月内梗阻症状得到有效缓解,其中2例患者随访期间出现再次梗阻,予以保守对 症处理后缓解,未行外科手术干预。结论：小肠镜下治疗(EBD和NKSt)对小肠炎症性疾病狭窄安全有效,可以推迟 外科手术时间。     

双部位CT引导下穿刺活检肺及其他部位共存病变

目的探讨同时对肺及其他部位共存病变行双部位CT引导下穿刺活检的临床意义。方法回顾性分析134例接受双部位CT引导下穿刺活检的临床疑似恶性肿瘤患者资料。依活检部位组合类型分为肺-肺、肺-淋巴结样结构、肺-骨、肺-远隔软组织4组。分析4组及肺内不同病变部位双部位活检病理的良恶性分布特点。结果肺-肺、肺-淋巴结样结构、肺-骨、肺-远隔软组织4组中,双部位均为恶性的比率分别为44.59%(33/74)、82.35%(14/17)、78.79%(26/33)、70.00%(7/10);肺内不同部位病变的良恶性分布差异无统计学意义(χ~2=2.22,P=0.70)。结论对于肺及其他部位同时怀疑恶性病变的患者,CT引导下双部位穿刺活检在明确病变性质、指导临床决策等方面具有重要价值。     

乳腺影像报告与数据系统对临床触诊阴性乳腺病灶分类的价值

目的探讨乳腺影像报告与数据系统(breast imaging reporting and data system,BI-RADS)对于临床触诊阴性乳腺病灶分类的意义及指导乳腺病灶活检的价值。方法由X线摄影发现的触诊阴性乳腺病灶162个,按照美国放射学会制定的第四版BI-RADS对其分类,所有病灶均采用金属线定位活检技术获得组织学诊断。结果全组162个触诊阴性病灶中,确认乳腺癌46个,阳性预测值为28.4%。按照BI-RADS分类,2类病灶11例,其中癌0例;3类病灶55例,癌2例;4类病灶77例,癌29例;5类病灶19例,癌15例;BI-RADS2-5类病灶癌的阳性预测值分别为0%,3.6%,37.7%与78.9%。结论BI-RADS分类大大提高了触诊阴性乳腺病灶影像诊断的特异性,可用于指导活检指征的选择,建议对BI-RADS4类与5类病灶进行活检,以提高触诊阴性乳腺病灶活检的阳性率。     

Balloon kyphoplasty for the treatment of pathological vertebral compressive fractures

Background Previous clinical studies have shown the safety and effectiveness of balloon kyphoplasty in the treatment of pathological vertebral compression fractures (VCFs). However, they have not dealt with the impact of relatively common comorbid conditions in this age group, such as spinal stenosis, and they have not explicitly addressed the use of imaging as a prognostic indicator for the restoration of vertebral body height. Neither have these studies dealt with management and technical problems related to surgery, nor the effectiveness of bone biopsy during the same surgical procedure. This is a prospective study comparing preoperative and postoperative vertebral body heights, kyphotic deformities, pain intensity (using visual analogue scale) and quality of life (Oswestry disability questionnaire) in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) and osteolytic vertebral tumors treated with balloon kyphoplasty.Methods Thirty-two consecutive patients, 27 OVCFs (49 vertebral bodies [VBs]) and 5 patients suffering from VB tumor (12 VBs) were treated by balloon kyphoplasty. The mean age was 68.2 years. All patients were assessed within the first week of surgery, and then followed up after one, three and six months; all patients (27 OVCFs and 5 tumor patients) were followed up for 12 months, 17 patients (14 OVCFs and 3 tumors) were followed up for 18 months and 9 patients (8 OVCFs and 1 tumor) were followed up for 24 months (mean follow up 18 months). The correction of kyphosis and vertebral heights were measured by comparing preoperative and postoperative radiographic measurements.Results Thirty-one patients (96.9%) exhibited significant and immediate pain improvement: 90% responded within 24 h and 6.3% responded within 5 days. Daily activities improved by 53% on the Oswestry scale. In the OVCF group, kyphosis correction was achieved in 24/27 patients (89.6%) with a mean correction of 7.6°. Anterior wall height was restored in 43/49 VBs (88%) (mean increment of 4.3 mm), and mid vertebral body height was restored in 45/49 VBs (92%) (mean increment of 4.8 mm). Edema (high intensity signal) on short tau inversion recovery (STIR) was evidenced in all OVCF patients who experienced symptoms for less than nine months and was associated with correction of deformity. Cement leakage was the only technical problem encountered; it occurred in 5/49 VBs (10.2%) of the osteoporotic group and 1/12 VBs (8.3%) of the tumor group but had no clinical consequences. The incidence of leakage to the anterior epidural space was 2%. Spinal stenosis was present in three patients (11.1%) who responded successfully to subsequent laminectomy. Retrieval of tissue samples for biopsy was successful in 10/15 cases (67%). New fractures occurred in the adjacent level in 2/27 OVCF patients (7.4%).Conclusions Associated spinal stenosis with OVCF should not be overlooked; STIR MRI is a good predictor of deformity correction with balloon kyphoplasty. The prevalence of a new OVCF in the adjacent level is low.     

闭合复位带锁髓内针内固定治疗闭合型胫骨中下段骨折分析

目的探讨闭合复位带锁髓内针在治疗闭合型胫骨中下段骨折与传统切开复位钢板固定各自的优缺点。方法笔者将2009年1月~2012年12月3年收治的符合胫骨中下段A42 1~3型及部分B42 1~3型骨折患者50例,随机分为两组:传统组(25例)采用切开复位(DCP或LCDCP)钢板固定手术方式,比较组(25例)采用闭合复位带锁髓内针固定术式,随访期限为16个月,比较两组平均住院天数、平均住院费用、术后患者疼痛程度、手术平均操作时间、术后并发症发生率及骨性愈合周期。结果闭合复位带锁髓内针固定在治疗周期、术后疼痛指数、治疗费用上明显占优势。治疗效果:传统组2例出现伤口红肿,1例经治疗后好转,1例出现伤口感染、骨外露,后期采取局部皮瓣转移修复后康复,1例骨折延迟愈合,二次手术植骨治疗后康复;比较组未出现伤口问题,1例因内固定位置不良,二次手术矫正后康复,并发症及骨折愈合周期均低于传统组,结果具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论闭合复位带锁髓内针在治疗闭合型胫骨中下段骨折方面具有良好的临床治疗效果,治疗费用相对较低,适于基层医院广泛应用。     

CT-Guided Core Needle Biopsy of Pleural Lesions: Evaluating Diagnostic Yield and Associated Complications

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and complications of CT-guided core needle biopsy (CT-guided CNB) of pleural lesion and the possible effects of influencing factors.ResultsDiagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 89.2%, 86.1%, 100%, 100%, and 67.8%, respectively. The influencing factors had no significant effect in altering diagnostic accuracy. As far as complications were concerned, occurrence of pneumothorax was observed in 14 (16%) out of 88 patients. Multivariate analysis revealed lesion size/pleural thickening as a significant risk factor (odds ratio [OR]: 8.744, p = 0.005) for occurrence of pneumothorax. Moreover, presence of pleural effusion was noted as a significant protective factor (OR: 0.171, p = 0.037) for pneumothorax.ConclusionCT-guided CNB of pleural lesion is a safe procedure with high diagnostic yield and low risk of significant complications.     

声振动疗法在喉癌术后止痛护理中的应用

目的提高静脉留置针穿刺困难者的一次穿刺成功率。方法将200例需行静脉留置针穿刺的患者随机分为对照组和观察组，各100例。对照组按常规穿刺，观察组采用负压技术穿刺，即将容量为2ml的吸球和三通接头接上留置针．使之穿刺时形成负压，再行穿刺。结果两组静脉穿刺回血率、一次成功率比较，差异有显著性意义（X^2=18．32、27．56，均P〈0．01）；留置针保留时间比较，差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）；两组颈外静脉、大隐静脉穿刺回血率、一次穿刺成功率比较，差异有显著性意义（X^2=18．26、18．26、5．00、5．00，P〈0．01或P〈0．05）；两组股静脉一次穿刺成功率比较，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．01）。结论负压技术可提高留置针穿刺回血率和一次穿刺成功率。     

对比CT引导肺结节定位针与弹簧圈定位针术前定位亚厘米肺结节效果

目的 对比术前于CT引导下以肺结节定位针与弹簧圈定位针定位亚厘米肺结节的效果。方法 55例亚厘米肺结节(孤立性肺结节,最大径4～10 mm,距胸膜<50 mm)患者于电视辅助胸腔镜手术(VATS)前48 h内接受CT引导下定位病灶,其中30例采用肺结节定位针(定位针组)、25例采用弹簧圈定位针(弹簧圈组),对比2种方法定位时间、CT扫描次数、定位成功率、病灶楔形切除时间、手术成功率及并发症。结果 55例均顺利完成术前定位且VATS均成功切除病灶。2种定位方法之间,CT扫描次数、病灶楔形切除时间及气胸、肺内出血发生率差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。以定位针定位时间长于弹簧圈(P=0.001)。结论 术前于CT引导下以肺结节定位针与弹簧圈定位针定位亚厘米肺结节的安全性和有效性相当,后者操作时间更短。     

Phantom-based assessment of motion and needle targeting accuracy of robotic devices for magnetic resonance imaging-guided needle biopsy

Background

The current study proposes simple methods for assessing the performance of robotic devices intended for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-guided needle biopsy.

Methods

In-house made agar-based breast phantoms containing biopsy targets served as the main tool in the evaluation process of an MRI compatible positioning device comprising a needle navigator. The motion accuracy of mechanical stages was assessed by calliper measurements. Laboratory evaluation of needle targeting included a repeatability phantom test and a laser-based method. The accuracy and repeatability of needle targeting was also assessed by MRI.

Results

The maximum error of linear motion for steps up to 10 mm was 0.1 mm. Needle navigation relative to the phantom and alignment with the various biopsy targets were performed successfully in both the laboratory and MRI settings. The proposed biopsy phantoms offered tissue-like signal in MRI and good haptic feedback during needle insertion.

Conclusions

The proposed methods could be valuable in the process of validating the accuracy of MRI-guided biopsy robotic devices in both laboratory and real environments.