腓骨上端带肌蒂游离移植重建右腕关节1例

患者,男，12岁，因右前臂右腕肿痛活动受限3年，于2005年8月20日入院，查体：生命休征正常，右前臂远端右腕部肿胀明显，右桡骨远端膨大，压痛，叩击痛，右前臂右腕活动受限，右手指血运感觉正常。CT示：右桡骨远端见囊状骨质破坏，可见分隔，其内密度为软组织密度影，周边骨质可见局部不连，周边软组织末见肿缺影，邻近骨骨质受侵破坏（图1）。病理会诊回复报告：右桡骨远端符合软骨黏液性纤维瘤。     

外固定器治疗胫腓骨骨折体会

目的评价外固定架手术方法在胫腓骨骨折患者治疗中的作用及地位。方法回顾2003年2月—2008年2月运用外支架固定治疗22例胫腓骨骨折患者,其中男17例,女5例,平均年龄42岁。开放性骨折18例,闭合性骨折4例;粉碎性骨折16例,其中复合伤13例。结果22例患者均获8个月～16个月的随访,骨折均恢复良好,膝踝关节功能良好。结论外支架治疗胫腓骨骨折作为手术和保守治疗间的补充,尤其对于体弱及伴有软组织损伤的患者是一种有效且安全的治疗方法。     

Vascular basis of free transfer of proximal epiphysis and diaphysis of fibula: an anatomical study

Introduction  Transfer of proximal epiphysis and diaphysis of fibula is a treatment of bony defects in children. Although there are few reports of this procedure, different arteries or combination of arteries have been used as supplying pedicle and the reported success rates are different. This is an anatomical study to clarify the vascular anatomy of this region. Materials and methods  A total of 16 fresh cadavers were enrolled. An incision was made in the popliteal fossa to find the popliteal artery, which was dissected distally and the lateral inferior genicular artery, anterior tibial artery, tibioperoneal trunk and its bifurcation were located. In eight subjects popliteal artery was cannulated above the level of femoral condyles and injected by latex. In the next eight cases the same material was injected in the anterior tibial artery. The next steps of dissection were done by 4.3-loupe magnification. Lateral inferior genicular artery was dissected from its origin to the fibular head and branches of anterior tibial artery were also dissected. In three specimens, the fibula and its supplying arteries were removed after dissection and put in diluted hydrochloric acid to be opened for studying the medullary vasculature. Results  This study confirms the existence of not only periosteal but also intramedullary anastomosis between artery of the neck and peroneal artery. Artery of the neck was usually a branch of anterior tibial artery and in 24% of the subjects a branch of popliteal artery. In the latter condition the pedicle would be too short to permit the surgeon to do this surgery. Therefore preoperative angiography is mandatory to identify the origin of the artery of the neck. Conclusion  According to these dissections, a classification system of arterial supply of proximal fibular epiphysis is introduced in this article.     

小腿严重开放性骨折伴软组织缺损的治疗

目的 探讨小腿严重开放性骨折伴软组织缺损(Gustilo ⅢB型或ⅢC型)的治疗方法.方法 1990年1月至2008年12月,收治开放性胫腓骨骨折53例,其中Gustilo ⅢB型45例,ⅢC型8例.软组织缺损面积为6 cm×4 cm～18 cm×8 cm,8例伴骨缺损.急诊行骨折复位同定和血管修复,二期对软组织或骨缺损采用13种53块组织瓣移位或移植修复.骨折外固定支架固定35例,内固定16例,骨牵引及石膏固定2例.皮瓣或肌皮瓣47例,骨皮瓣6例.结果 51例获得随访,时间8个月～9年(平均18个月).骨折顺利愈合44例,愈合时间3.5～9.5个月,平均6.5个月.骨延迟愈合4例,骨不愈合3例,经手术植骨(5例)或骨外固定支架加压同定治疗(2例)均治愈.组织瓣移植53块,成活51块,坏死2块,成活率为96.2%.无截肢病例.结论 Gustilo ⅢB型或ⅢC型小腿严重开放性骨折,初期清创并采用以骨外支架为主的方法固定骨折,二期采用适当组织瓣移植修复软组织或骨缺损,是安全有效的治疗策略.     

改良游离腓骨移植联合红骨髓骨泥填充治疗青壮年股骨头坏死

目的探索青壮年股骨头缺血性坏死的治疗方法并进行疗效评价。方法2003年10月-2009年2月,采用改良式吻合血管的游离腓骨移植联合自体红骨髓骨泥填充治疗青壮年股骨头缺血性坏死32例（38髋）。结果术后对32例患者经6个月～5年随访,根据症状改善情况及影像学变化,采用Harris评分进行评价,优28例,良7例,可3例,优良率92.1％．结论改良式吻合血管的腓骨移植联合自体红骨髓骨泥填充治疗青壮年股骨头缺血性坏死具有创伤小、手术时间短、股骨头修复效果可靠,关节功能恢复好等优点,能够阻止或延缓病情发展,是治疗青壮年股骨头缺血性坏死的有效方法。     

Stress Fracture of the Proximal Fibula in Military Recruits

Background

We wanted to report on stress fracture of the proximal fibula and to suggest the pathomechanism of this fracture.

Methods

Between April 2004 through April 2005, the military recruits who complained of leg pain during the 6 weeks basic training in the Republic of Korea Marine Corps education and training group were evaluated according to their clinical manifestations and plain radiographs.

Results

Twelve recruits of 635 recruits who complained leg pain were diagnosed as having fibular stress fracture. Eleven cases (10 recruits) appeared at the junction of the proximal and middle 1/3 of the fibula and 2 cases (2 recruits) were in the middle 1/3 of the fibula, as assessed radiologically. Tenderness was the most reliable clinical manifestation. All the fractures occurred after repetitive walking or jumping in a squatting position. Conservative treatments that included bed rest, immobilization and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs administration according to the symptom severity were satisfactory.

Conclusions

Proximal fibular stress fracture is not rare in military recruits. The shearing force on the proximal fibula and the repetitive stress by walking or jumping in a squatting position contribute to the stress fracture of the proximal fibula.     

腓骨皮瓣移植修复股骨长段骨骨缺损的临床应用研究

目的探讨腓骨（皮）瓣移植修复股骨长段骨骨缺损的临床疗效。方法应用腓骨（皮）瓣修复大腿皮肤软组织或骨缺损及重建患肢股骨骨支架的连续性23例。结果术后23例骨（皮）瓣全部成活,术后随访6～60个月,移植腓骨与受区断端均达骨性愈合,肢体功能均得到良好恢复。结论腓骨（皮）瓣具有解剖标志清楚、骨膜较厚、血供丰富、血管蒂多、供骨量大、皮瓣面积大、位置表浅、成功率高（或）手术操作有较大的灵活性等优点,治疗大腿严重创伤性骨皮缺损可一次完成骨架重建及创面覆盖,有利于肢体功能的尽早恢复。     

外固定支架在严重多发伤并胫腓骨开放性骨折中应用的病例对照研究

目的：探讨早期外固定架固定开放性胫腓骨骨折对严重多发伤患者治疗和预后的影响。方法：采用回顾性对比分析，73例严重多发伤（ISS〉16分）患者按胫腓骨骨折手术方法不同分2组。治疗组42例，男31例，女11例；平均年龄40．2岁；均急诊行清创、骨折复位外固定支架固定术。对照组31例，男22例，女9例；平均年龄42．6岁；均急诊行清创、跟骨牵引术或石膏外固定术。比较两组患者急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）、多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）发生情况及病死率、小腿创面感染率、创面及骨折愈合时间。结果：两组的并发症（ARDS）发生率差异有统计学意义，行外固定架治疗组低于对照组（P〈0．05），治疗组感染率明显低（P〈0．05），创面愈合时间明显短。结论：外固定架治疗严重多发伤并胫腓骨开放性骨折，明显减少并发症发生率，降低创面感染率。     

游离髂骨瓣结合足底内侧皮瓣与游离股前外侧皮瓣结合腓骨瓣修复前足胫侧列缺损的疗效比较

目的比较游离髂骨瓣结合足底内侧皮瓣和游离股前外侧皮瓣结合腓骨瓣重建前足胫侧列缺损的疗效。 方法2013年1月至2016年12月,西安·兵器工业五二一医院手外二科共收治前足胫侧列缺损患者22例,其中11例采用游离髂骨瓣结合足底内侧皮瓣修复,设为观察组;另外11例采用股前外侧皮瓣结合腓骨瓣修复,设为对照组。一期手术2组均为清创后采用克氏针或钢板螺钉固定骨折及脱位,创面采用负压封闭引流装置覆盖。二期重建前足胫侧列缺损时,观察组采用游离髂骨瓣结合足底内侧皮瓣进行修复,对照组采用游离股前外侧皮瓣结合腓骨瓣进行修复。观察皮瓣是否成活、是否有血管危象和感染发生;通过定期门诊复查、微信、电话等方式对患者进行随访,术后24个月根据美国矫形足踝协会评分标准对2组患者足功能恢复情况进行评分比较,其中优：90～100分;良：75～89分;可：50～74分;差：50分以下,计算患者足功能恢复优良率;根据英国医学研究会提出的感觉功能恢复分级标准,分别在术后6、12、24个月对2组皮瓣感觉功能恢复情况进行评分比较。数据比较采用Wilcoxon符号秩和检验。 结果所有患者均获随访,平均随访时间31个月。术后所有皮瓣均成活。对照组1例分别于术后1、2 d出现静脉危象,经手术探查后缓解。观察组1例出现皮瓣伤口浅表感染,经换药、静脉滴注抗生素后缓解。术后24个月足功能恢复情况,观察组：优3例,良7例,可1例,优良率90.9%;对照组：优1例,良3例,可7例,优良率36.4%。观察组足功能恢复优良率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(Z＝－2.598,P＝0.024)。术后6、12、24个月,观察组皮瓣感觉功能恢复评分分别为8.0(4.0, 8.0)、12.0(12.0, 16.0)和16.0(16.0, 16.0)分;对照组皮瓣感觉功能恢复评分分别为4.0(4.0, 4.0)、12.0(8.0, 12.0)和12.0(12.0, 12.0)分。相同时间点比较,观察组皮瓣感觉功能恢复评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(Z＝－2.165、－2.280、－3.031,P＝0.030、0.023、0.002)。 结论带血管的髂骨瓣及腓骨瓣为足部骨质缺损提供理想供骨;足底内侧皮瓣为修复前足足底皮肤软组织缺损提供良好的供区,修复后足部负重及行走功能恢复良好、外观满意、皮瓣感觉功能恢复良好,足底皮肤耐磨。股前外侧皮瓣修复足部皮肤软组织缺损虽能覆盖创面,但术后外观差,感觉恢复较差,易滑移及破溃。     

经皮插入钢板微创治疗胫腓骨粉碎骨折

目的 介绍一种胫腓骨粉碎性骨折的微创治疗方法.方法 采用闭合复位,经皮插入钢板内固定微创治疗胫腓骨粉碎性骨折23例(包括胫腓骨多段骨折4例).开放性骨折6例,闭合性骨折17例.AO分型42-C2.1型7例,42-C2.2型5例,42-C3.1型8例,42-C3.3型3例,术后不辅以其他外固定,第二天起即开始不负重关节功能锻炼.结果 全部病例随访时间8-18周,均达骨性愈合,无骨不连及感染,平均骨折愈合时间14.2周.根据Johner-Wruhs评分:优良率85%.结论 经皮插入钢板内固定是治疗胫腓骨粉碎性骨折的有效方法.