Chronic intracerebroventricular administration of orexin-A to rats increases food intake in daytime, but has no effect on body weight

Orexins are recently identified neuropeptides, and have been shown to increase food intake when administered intracerebroventricularly. We examined the effects of chronic administration of orexin in rats by continuous intracerebroventricular administration by means of an osmotic minipump. Continuous administration of orexin-A (0.5 nmol/h) for 7 days in rats resulted in a significant increase in food intake in the daytime. Daytime food intake increased to 180% of the control value. However, it resulted in a slight decrease nighttime food intake as compared with vehicle-treated rats. The total amount of food intake per day was almost comparable with that of vehicle-administered rats. The gain of body weight and blood glucose, total cholesterol and free fatty acid levels were normal. Chronic orexin-A treatment did not cause obesity in rats. We observed abnormal behavior during the daytime after starting administration of orexin-A; these rats kept awake during the daytime. Our present observation showed that continuous administration of orexin-A could not overcome the regulation of energy homeostasis and body weight. However, orexin-A might be implicated in short-term, immediate regulation of feeding behavior.     

1例新生儿常染色体显性智力障碍21型病例报告

1例1日龄男性新生儿因哭声弱1 d,反复唇周青紫2 h入院.患儿出生时有特殊面容,双手通贯掌,扁平足,哭声弱,喂养困难,合并先天性心脏病,头颅MRI异常.全外显子组测序分析显示CTCF基因第3外显子c.778_781delAAAG(p.Lys260ValfsTer2)新发突变,蛋白功能预测提示为致病突变,可能损害CTC...     

不同喂养方式对重型颅脑损伤并发症的影响

目的探讨间断鼻饲与持续营养泵入对重型颅脑损伤并发症的影响。方法选取2013年1月~2017年1月在我院神经外科住院的60例重型颅脑损伤患者,随机分成两组:对照组(n=30)采用间断鼻饲喂养;观察组(n=30)采用胃肠营养泵持续泵入。分析两组喂养并发症(腹泻、胃潴留、堵管,呕吐返流、误吸、电解质紊乱,血糖紊乱)情况。结果观察组在腹泻、胃潴留、堵管、呕吐返流、误吸等并发症方面与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但两组在电解质紊乱及血糖紊乱方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论持续胃肠营养泵予以营养支持,可以显著降低患者喂养并发症,不仅安全,且有效,同时可以改善患者预后。     

Insulin-induced hyperphagia in alloxan-diabetic rats fed a high-fat diet.

Alloxan-diabetic rats fed a standard, low-fat diet lost body weight and were hyperphagic; those fed a high-fat diet lost comparable amounts of weight, but did not overeat compared to normal animals. When given injections of protamine-zinc insulin, all diabetic rats gained weight; however, while those fed the low-fat reduced food intake from elevated levels, diabetics fed the high-fat diet became hyperphagic. Diabetic rats maintained on a high-fat diet increased food intake during long-term insulin treatment sooner and to a greater extent than normal controls. These findings are interpreted in light of the effects of insulin on storage and supply of metabolic fuels.     

An identified pleural ganglion interneuron inhibits patterned motor activity in the buccal ganglia of the snail, Helisoma

Neuron, Pl1, an interneuron that inhibits patterned motor output underlying feeding in the snail, Helisoma, is identified. The soma of neuron Pl1 is in the pleural ganglion and its axon projects through the pedal and cerebral ganglia to the buccal ganglia. A train of action potentials in neuron Pl1 suppresses rhythmic activity in the buccal pattern generator even in the presence of strong pharmacological stimulation with serotonin.     

Catecholaminergic projections from the solitary tract nucleus to the perifornical hypothalamus

The source of adrenergic and other catecholaminergic fibers innervating the perifomical lateral hypothalamus was localized in the medulla after combination of Fluoro-Gold retrograde tracing and immunohistochemistry for either tyrosine-hydroxylase or phenylethanolamine-N-methyl-transferase. Following perifomical injections, Fluoro-Gold-labeled neurons were observed mainly in regions including the noradrenergic and adrenergic cell groups. In the caudal solitary tract nucleus, two kinds of doubly labeled neurons were found: a) numerous noradrenergic neurons in the A₂ group at the level of, or caudal to the area postrema; b) some adrenergic neurons in the C₂ group at a level immediately rostral to the area postrema. These catecholaminergic neurons connecting the caudal solitary tract nucleus to the perifomical hypothalamus might convey feeding relevant information such as glycemic level or satiety signals.