长程的运动训练对新生期大鼠反复惊厥所致学习和记忆损害的影响

目的:探讨早期长程跑步运动对新生期大鼠反复惊厥发作引起的学习记忆障碍的干预作用。方法:18只8日龄(P8)SD大鼠依据随机数字表法分成空白对照组(CONT)、惊厥组(EXP1)及惊厥加运动训练组(EXP2),每组各6只。适应性喂养1天后,EXP1组和EXP2组于P9吸入三氟乙醚诱导惊厥发作,连续诱导7d,CONT组同样操作但不吸入三氟乙醚。三组大鼠于P58—P64进行水迷宫测试以检测各组大鼠的学习记忆能力,其间于P16—P57 EXP2组大鼠进行跑台运动训练。结果:(1)水迷宫定向航行实验显示:三组大鼠水迷宫逃避潜伏期存在组间显著性差异[F=429.90,P0.05],训练天数显著性差异[F=282.30,P0.05]以及组间因素与训练天数的交互作用的显著性差异[F=12.71,P0.05],差异具有显著性意义。EXP2组大鼠逃避潜伏期较EXP1组大鼠均明显缩短(P0.05),EXP2组大鼠与CONT组大鼠比较无显著性差异(P0.05),趋于正常。(2)空间探索实验:EXP2组大鼠较EXP1组大鼠穿越平台次数明显增多(P0.05),EXP2组大鼠与CONT组大鼠比较无显著性差异(P0.05),趋于正常。结论:运动训练能够明显减少反复惊厥组大鼠逃避潜伏期时间,增加穿越平台次数,这有可能是由于运动训练改善了惊厥大鼠学习记忆能力所导致的。     

The efficiency of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in hemorrhagic mucositis and febrile neutropenia resulted from methotrexate toxicity

Methotrexate (MTX) remains one of the most frequently used anti-metabolite agents in dermatology. MTX is an analog of folate that competitively and irreversibly inhibits dihydrofolate reductase. Oral mucositis is a common side effect of chemotherapy drugs and is characterized by erythema, pain, poor oral intake, pseudomembranous destruction, open ulceration and hemorrhage of the oral mucosa. In this paper, we report a 32-year-old female with a case of mucositis due to MTX intoxication that resulted from an overdose for rheumatoid arthritis. The patient had abdominal pain, vomiting, and nausea. During follow-up, the patient’s white blood cell count was found to be 0.9?×?10⁹/L (4–10?×?10⁹/L). The patient developed fever exceeding 40?°C. The patient was consulted to the hematology service. They suggested using granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for febrile neutropenia. On the fifth day of treatment, the white blood cell count reached 5.3?×?10⁹/L and the patient’s fever and mucositis started to resolve. Here, we presented a case of hemorrhagic mucositis and febrile neutropenia resulted from high-dose MTX that responded very well to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment and we reviewed the literature.     

Low-risk febrile neutropenia in a medical oncology unit

Background: Febrile neutropenia occurring in patients receiving chemotherapy for solid tumours or lymphoma is usually of short duration, and therefore may have a better outcome compared to patients with acute leukaemia or patients receiving myeloablative chemotherapy. Aims: To review retrospectively the outcomes for febrile neutropenia occurring in patients of the Medical Oncology Unit at our institution, and to identify factors associated with worse outcome, particularly prolonged admission or death. Methods: We reviewed 102 episodes of febrile neutropenia occurring in 85 patients treated between 1992 and 1994. Demographic factors, tumour-related factors and clinical aspects of the episodes were correlated with outcome. Results: The median age was 60 years (range, 18–87), with 56 (55%) episodes occurring in females. Twenty-eight (27%) episodes occurred in patients with lymphoma, with the remaining 74 (73%) occurring in patients with solid tumours. At presentation, the median absolute neutrophil count (ANC) was 0.14×10⁹/L with a median duration of significant neutropenia (ANC<0.5×10 ⁹/L) of three days. The median duration of fever was two days. Twenty-nine (28%) episodes had positive cultures; of these 11 had bacteraemia. Forty-four (43%) episodes were classified as unexplained fevers. The remaining 29 episodes were associated with clinically documented infection but negative cultures. There was a high treatment success rate (81%) with first-line empirical antibiotics. Of 19 treatment failures, 13 were due to the necessity for antibiotic modification; the other six patients died from infection. Factors associated with a worse outcome (including prolonged admission and death) include: diagnosis of lymphoma; increasing number of chemotherapy courses; early onset of neutropenia; pneumonia; severe hypotension; and multiple co-morbidities. Conclusions: Febrile neutropenia in adult patients with solid tumours or lymphoma is associated with a relatively good outcome, possibly due to the short duration of neutropenia. A future prospective study to validate the risk factors indentified in this study would be useful for defining patients at low risk for the adverse outcomes examined, in whom less intensive management for this condition may be possible.     

Granulocyte transfusions in the management of neutropenic fever: A pediatric perspective

Severe neutropenia-associated invasive bacterial or fungal infections are still the major cause of mortality and morbidity in children receiving cancer chemotherapy. Granulocyte transfusion therapy has been used for many years in the management of neutropenic patients with severe infections in whom the clinical condition deteriorated despite appropriate antimicrobial treatment. Transfused granulocytes can increase the recipient’s blood neutrophil count and accumulation of them into the site of infection. There are some data obtained from retrospective or prospective observational studies in pediatric granulocyte transfusion therapy, but results are not conclusive. This review appraises the potential benefits and risks of the use of granulocyte transfusion in children with neutropenic fever.     

Febrile seizures following measles and varicella vaccines in young children in Australia

BackgroundFebrile seizures (FS) are common in childhood with incidence peaking in the second year of life when measles and varicella-containing vaccines are administered. This study aimed to examine the vaccine-attributable risk of FS following separate administration of MMR and monovalent varicella vaccines (VV) prior to a planned change to MMRV as the second dose of measles-containing vaccine at 18 months of age.MethodsAll FS cases in children aged <5 years from 1st January 2012 to 30th April 2013 were identified from emergency department (ED) and inpatient databases at five Australian tertiary paediatric hospitals participating in PAEDS (Paediatric Active Enhanced Disease Surveillance). Immunization records were obtained from the Australian Childhood Immunization Register (ACIR). The relative incidence (RI) of FS following MMR dose 1 (MMR1) and VV in children aged 11–23 months was determined using the self-controlled case series (SCCS) method and used to calculate attributable risk.ResultsThere were 2013 FS episodes in 1761 children. The peak age at FS was 18 months. The risk of FS was significantly increased 5–12 days post receipt of MMR1 at 12 months (RI = 1.9 [95% CI: 1.3–2.9]), but not after VV at 18 months (RI = 0.6 [95% CI: 0.3–1.2]. The estimated excess annual number of FS post MMR1 was 24 per 100,000 vaccinated children aged 11–23 months (95% CI = 7–49 cases per 100,000) or 1 per 4167 doses.ConclusionsOur study detected the expected increased FS risk post MMR1 vaccine at 12 months, but monovalent varicella vaccine at age 18 months was not associated with increased risk of FS. This provides baseline data to assess the risk of FS post MMRV, introduced in Australia as the second dose of measles-containing vaccine at 18 months of age in July 2013.     

手足口病伴神经系统症状85例分析

目的：探讨手足口病伴早期神经系统症状患者的临床特征及结局。方法对85例手足口病住院病例的临床表现、实验室检查、治疗转归及病原学等资料进行分析,其中热性惊厥（FC）62例,占72.94%,HFMD重症早期（易惊、肢体抖动、嗜睡）23例,占27.06%。结果（1）FC组主要表现为在发热第一天出现1-3次抽搐,持续1-10分钟不等,发作停止后神志恢复正常,无阳性病理神经征,部分有既往史和家族惊厥史;重症早期组主要表现为病后3-4天出现易惊、肢体抖动、嗜睡,于治疗后1-3天正常,无阳性病理神经征。（2）两组发热及皮疹持续时间的差异均无明显统计学意义,P均＞0.05。（3）多数患者存在血白细胞、C反应蛋白、糖升高及低钠血症,部分有心肌酶谱升高、心电图异常,以FC组为主。（4）病原检测：EV71-RNA（+）45例（52.94%）,CoxA 16-RNA（+）19例（22.35%）,肠道病毒通用核酸（+）12例（14.12%）,余9例（10.59%）检测均阴性,无交叉阳性结果。（5）平均住院5.86±1.89天,随访均未见后遗症。结论早期识别HFMD伴神经系统症状患者的病情及病因,有助于指导治疗及判断预后。     

Should patients with complex febrile seizure be admitted for further management?

Background and aims

Children with first complex febrile seizure (CFS) are often admitted for observation. The goals of this study were 1) to assess the risk of seizure recurrence during admission, 2) to determine whether early EEG affects acute management.

热性惊厥患儿血清离子及微量元素变化与精神运动发育的关系研究

目的研究热性惊厥患儿血清离子及微量元素变化与精神运动发育的相关性。方法 128例热性惊厥患儿,根据惊厥发作次数分为观察组和对照组,各64例。观察组为一次热程度再次和多次热性惊厥发作患儿,对照组为仅发作1次热性惊厥患儿。比较两组患儿两组患儿血清钙离子、铁离子、钠离子、镁离子水平及智力测评评分、行为能力评分。结果观察组钙离子水平(2.02±0.88)μmol/L、铁离子水平(9.76±1.81)μmol/L均高于对照组的(1.55±0.56)、(7.56±1.13)μmol/L,钠离子水平(133.43±10.21)μmol/L低于对照组的(140.23±10.23)μmol/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组镁离子水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组语言智商评分、操作智商评分及总智商评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组独立因子评分(54.32±3.56)分、认知因子评分(52.65±5.78)分、社会自制因子评分(60.34±5.93)分及总评分(102.45±10.56)分均低于对照组的(56.23±3.58)、(63.23±5.47)、(68.34±5.82)、(122.56±10.68)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论热性惊厥患儿精神运动发育与其血清离子及微量元素变化有关,病情发作时其血清离子及微量元素出现异常,一次热程度再次和多次热性惊厥发作患儿其精神运动发育迟滞较为明显。     

“三位一体”模式在小儿高热惊厥急救护理中的应用

目的:探讨“三位一体”模式在小儿高热惊厥急救护理中的应用效果。方法:按随机数字表法将2017年3月—2019年3月收治的86例高热惊厥患儿分为对照组和观察组各43例,对照组行常规护理干预,观察组行“三位一体”模式护理干预。比较两组患儿临床症状改善情况、疾病复发率及患儿家属护理满意度情况。结果:观察组患儿退热时间、惊厥消失时间、住院时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患儿疾病复发率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患儿家属护理满意度优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在小儿高热惊厥急救护理中应用“三位一体”模式可有效缓解临床症状,降低疾病复发率,缩短住院时间,提高护理满意度。