《伤寒论》水气证治论析

就《伤寒论》水气的涵义、致病特点、形成与发病、证治等方面进行了分析和探讨。认为：水气是一个病理概念,具有病理产物和致病因素的双重性,其本质是体内停蓄之水,其致病过程具有动而不居的特点;痰饮、水肿、湿痹皆是水气为患。水气的形成机制是阳虚,阳不制阴。治疗以“温药和之”为常法,振奋阳气以祛除水气;非尽以温药和之为变法,攻逐、清热、滋阴皆在其中。     

Hypozincaemia in febrile convulsion

To understand further the role of trace elements in the pathogenesis of febrile convulsions, serum zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg) and CSF Zn, Cu, Mg and protein levels were measured by spectrometry in patients with febrile convulsion (n=19), bacterial meningitis (n=9), viral CNS infection (n=16) and in the control groupn=10) which consisted of children with signs of meningeal irritation due to upper respiratory tract infection but normal CSF findings. Samples were obtained within 6 h after admission to hospital. Mean serum and CSF Zn levels in the febrile convulsion group were significantly lower than in the other groups (for serum Zn: 0.66±0.03 mg/l vs 0.98±0.07 mg/l, 1.06±0.08 mg/l, 1.05±0.09 mg/lP<0.05; for CSF Zn: 22.96±1.62 g/l vs 75.47 ±6.9 g/l, 50.32±5.235 g/l, 39.85 ±2.81 g/lP<0.05). A linear relationship was established between serum Zn and CSF Zn levels (P<0.001). Mean CSF Zn, Cu and protein levels in the bacterial meningitis group were significantly higher than in the other groups (for CSF Cu 63.94±6.33 g/l vs 38.77±2.70 g/l, 35.84±3.48 g/l, 33.86±2.88 g/lP<0.05; for CSF protein 0.80 ± 0.12 g/l vs 0.22±0.02 g/l, 0.53±0.08 g/l, 0.19±0.01 g/lP<0.05). In children with meningitis, the elevation of the mean CSF Zn and Cu levels may result from the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and subsequent leakage of trace elements and protein from serum to CSF. There was no significant difference between the four groups in terms of mean serum Mg and mean CSF Mg levels.Conclusion Serum and CSF Zn levels are decreased in children with febrile seizures. Zinc deprivation may play a role in the pathogenesis of febrile seizures.     

Double β-lactam regimen compared to an aminoglycoside/β-lactam regimen as empiric antibiotic therapy for febrile granulocytopenic cancer patients

In a prospective, randomized trial, 205 febrile episodes in granulocytopenic cancer patients were treated with ceftazidime with or without tobramycin (C±T), both agents being administered only if the initial granulocyte count was below 200/l, or ceftazidime plus piperacillin (C+P). The overall response rate was 71% (39 of 60 for C±T and 45 of 58 for C+P). Logistic regression analyses documented no evidence of a significant difference between the two regimens in overall treatment effect after accounting for the linear effects of potentially important variables, such as infection type and granulocyte count. Although the response rates for the subgroup of patients with bacteremias was better with the C+P regimen (P=0.06), there was no difference in response for patients with bacteremia and profound (<100/gml) sustained granulocytopenia. The double -lactam combination demonstrated in vitro synergism in 73%; antagonism was not seen. Both regimens produced execllent serum bactericidal levels (C±T geometric mean peak 1:170; C+P peak 1:137) against gram-negative but not gram-positive pathogens (1:4; 1:7 respectively) that had caused bacteremia. Emergence of resistance and significant coagulopathy and/or bleeding did not occur during therapy. Antibiotic-related nephrotoxicity was noted in 7 of 95 trials in the C+P and in 6 of 89 trials in the C±T group (P=0.19). The incidence of secondary infections in patients with profound (<100/l) sustained granulocytopenia was lower in the C±T group (P=0.04). Alimentary canal anaerobic flora preservation with C±T, and suppression with C+P, was demonstrated. These results suggest that these regimens are of similar effectiveness and neigher is associated with major toxicity.     

试论乌梅丸以气味配伍组方

乌梅丸出自《伤寒论》厥阴病篇，其为历代医家推崇的关键在于紧扣病机，方证对应，组方合理，配伍精当。本文从酸辛苦甘，刚柔相济；清上温下，攻补兼施；辛开苦降，土木两调3个方面讨论了乌梅丸按照气味配伍组方的特点。     

苯巴比妥预防热性惊厥再发80例分析

目的:探讨苯巴比妥对热性惊厥再发的预防作用。方法:对已发1次热性惊厥患儿,在体温再次达37.5℃以上时,治疗组给予苯巴比妥4 mg/(kg·次)预防热性惊厥,对照组未作预防热性惊厥处理。结果:随访2-5年,治疗组1例(1.25％)热性惊厥复发.对照组27例(33.75％)复发。结论:苯巴比妥对预防热性惊厥复发有显著疗效。     

托吡酯预防动物热性惊厥的实验研究

目的:观察托吡酯预防动物热性惊厥发作的疗效与毒副反应。方法:60只对热惊厥敏感的Wistar大鼠,随机分为两组,分别按4或8mg/(k·d)的剂量灌服托吡酯20d后,观察其热性惊厥敏感性改变情况和毒副反应。结果:Wistar大鼠用药后,在热水浴中发生惊厥的时间分别从(247.8±84.9)s、(243.4±99.4)s延长到(353.6±79.3)s、(329.2±78.1)s(t分别为3.07、3.59,P均<0.01);发生惊厥的持续时间分别从(283.0±112.3)s、(298.3±84.0)s缩短到(178.9±84.8)s、(230.3±74.0)s(t分别为3.33、4.18,P均<0.01);热惊厥发生程度也明显减轻,分别从2.9±0.9、2.7±0.7降低到1.8±0.9、1.3±0.9(t分别为4.89、6.65,P均<0.01);热惊厥控制率达95%(57/60,P<0.01);不良反应发生率虽然较高为65.0%(39/60),但表现轻微,而引起动物死亡等严重不良反应发生却只有16.7%(10/60),两者相比差异非常显著(χ2=29.1,P<0.01),而血常规和肝肾功均无异常改变。结论:托吡酯用于预防动物热性惊厥的发生具有剂量较小,疗效高,安全性较好等优点。     

安痫宁冲剂抗惊厥作用的实验研究

目的：研究安痫宁冲剂的抗惊厥作用。方法：选用电惊厥及药物性惊厥法观察惊厥潜伏期、惊厥百分数、死亡率。结果：安痫宁高剂量可明显延长小鼠惊厥潜伏期，中、低剂量有延长小鼠惊厥潜伏期的趋势，安痫宁高剂量组惊厥百分率为75％，与空白组相比有差异。结论：安痫宁具有抗惊厥作用。     

《伤寒论》“阳去入阴”辨析

归纳分析古今医家对《伤寒论》“阳去入阴”一语的不同认识，即“表邪传里说”、“邪传阳明说”、“邪传少阴说”及“入传三阴说”。结合该条该句的所处环境，经过综合归纳，层层剖析，提出“阳去入阴”应理解为“离开少阳，传人少阴或厥阴”的观点。     

《伤寒论》有关通阳问题的探讨

针对普遍重视温阳 ,而对通阳认识不足 ,甚至以温代通的现象 ,以《伤寒论》为例 ,从通阳在于温和通阳不在温两个方面 ,探讨温阳与通阳在用药、治法及适应证候方面的区别 ,重在阐明通阳不在温的理论和辨证意义     

谈伤寒和温病的关系

《伤寒论》和“温病学”所讨论的内容皆属于中医外感病的苑畴，后世常以《伤寒论》论风寒性外感病，“温病学”论温热性外感病，使两者对峙起来，故一直困扰着中医外感病学的研究及其发展。自《黄帝内经》以来，外感病的病情表现和病因病机没有本质的改变，《伤寒论》及其以后的方药至今在外感温热病的治病中有效地运用着。形成《伤寒论》和“温病学”对峙的原因，一是人们将广义“伤寒”和狭义“伤寒”的概念相混淆；二是把《伤寒论》治疗方法上的某些局限性，误认为辨证理论体系及其内容上的缺限，《伤寒论》的六经辨证和“温病学”的卫气营血辨证、三焦辩证在中医的理论上来看，其本质是相通的，只是各自表述理论问题时的概念，范畴以及所运用的名词术语有一定的差别，因此，在定前提下推进“寒温统一”的研究，将是中医外感病学发展的切入点。