右美托咪定用于运动诱发电位监测神经外科手术患者的安全性和可行性

目的观察右美托咪定用于运动诱发电位(MEP)监测神经外科手术患者的安全性和可行性。方法选择择期全麻下需做MEP监测颅脑肿瘤切除术患者30例,男15例,女15例,年龄20~60岁,体重40~80kg,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为两组:右美托咪定组(D组)和对照组(C组),每组15例。D组在麻醉诱导前经静脉10 min输注右美托咪定0.5μg/kg,随后以右美托咪定0.5μg·kg-1·h-1输注至术毕,C组采取同样方法给予等容量生理盐水。于入室时(T0),切皮时(T1),停肌松药时(T2),停肌松药后50min(T3)观察HR、MAP和BIS值;记录诱发MEP的电流强度,监测等待时间(停肌松药后至首次诱发MEP时间),T3时大鱼际肌MEP(直接电刺激运动皮质诱发的大鱼际肌MEP)的波幅及潜伏期;同时记录术中丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼的用量,不良反应发生情况。结果与T0时比较,T1、T3时C组HR明显增快(P0.05),T2、T3时D组HR明显减慢(P0.05),T1~T3时C组MAP明显升高(P0.05),T1~T3时两组BIS值明显降低(P0.05);T1~T3时D组HR明显慢于C组、MAP明显低于C组(P0.05)。D组丙泊酚用量和首次诱发MEP的电流强度明显低于C组(P0.05),T3时大鱼际肌MEP波幅明显高于C组(P0.05)。D组高血压和心动过速发生率明显低于C组、心动过缓发生率明显高于C组(P0.05)。结论右美托咪定用于MEP监测神经外科手术患者,可满足手术需求、维持围术期血流动力学稳定,降低部分不良反应发生率,改善MEP监测质量,是一种安全、可行的麻醉方法。     

老年患者急性高容量血液稀释配合控制性降压的可行性研究

目的评价围术期急性高容量血液稀释(AHH)配合控制性降压(CH)应用于老年患者的可行性。方法40例ASAI～Ⅱ级的全髋置换术老年病人随机分为AHH联合CH组(Ⅰ)和对照组(Ⅱ)各20例。术中监测MAP、CVP、HR、SPO2,分别在术前、AHH后1h和术后24h抽血测定Hb、Hct、Plt,记录术中出血量、输液量、输血量和尿量。结果Ⅰ组MAP显著低于术前(P<0.01)和Ⅱ组(P<0.01),两组CVP均明显升高(P<0.01),Ⅰ组低于Ⅱ组(P<0.01),两组HR无明显变化,Hb、Hct、Plt均显著下降(P<0.005～0.01),仍在正常范围内。Ⅰ组出血量明显少于Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。结论AHH联合CH可安全地应用于一般情况良好,无心肺疾患的老年患者,并有效的减少出血量。     

Vascular reconstruction in Buerger's disease: is it feasible?

Purpose: Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) is a clinical syndrome characterized by segmental occlusions of the distal vessels. Although a cessation of using nicotine products usually helps, nevertheless a surgical revascularization may be needed in cases of stage III and IV limbs. Because of the distal and segmental nature of the disease, these procedures are rarely feasible. This article focuses on the feasibility of performing a vascular reconstruction in thromboangiitis obliterans. Methods: Thirty-six of 94 patients (38.3%) who were followed by the Peripheral Vascular Unit of Istanbul Medical Faculty were selected for revascularization and 27 of 36 (81%) patients underwent revascularization procedures. Results: During a 36-month follow-up, the patency rates at the 12th, 24th, and 36th months were 59.2%, 48%, and 33.3%, respectively. The limb salvage rate was 92.5%. Conclusions: Since patients affected by Buerger's disease consist a group of young population who are still in their productive stages, every effort should be taken to obtain a limb salvage in the ischemic period. Although the patency rates do not seem promising, the limb salvation rate was quite satisfactory. Received: October 29, 2001 / Accepted: July 2, 2002 Reprint requests to: Ş. Dilege     

颈神经后支阻滞麻醉用于颈椎后路手术的可行性研究

目的 探讨颈神经后支阻滞麻醉用于颈椎后路手术中的有效性和安全性.方法 86例拟行颈椎后路手术的患者,ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,随机均分为两组:颈神经后支阻滞麻醉组(Ⅰ组)和局部浸润麻醉组(Ⅱ组).Ⅰ组根据颈神经后支的局部解剖特点,术前通过测量颈椎X线片,确定颈椎关节突关节腰部体表投影点,经皮穿刺阻滞手术切口相对应的双侧脊神经后支而麻醉颈项部;Ⅱ组采用传统的局部浸润麻醉.观察两组术中麻醉效果和麻醉作用时间,对呼吸、血流动力学和SpO2的影响,术后12、24、48 h疼痛评分与镇静评分以及不良反应.结果 Ⅰ组麻醉优率(74%)明显高于Ⅱ组(42%)(P<0.05),Ⅰ组手术时间少于Ⅱ组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Ⅰ组麻醉药用量明显低于Ⅱ组(P<0.01).两组麻醉后和椎管探查时平均动脉压均升高,且Ⅱ组明显高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);两组SpO2均>95%;术后24、48 h的VAS Ⅰ组显著低于Ⅱ组(P<0.05);两组无严重麻醉不良反应.结论 颈椎的后路手术施行颈神经后支阻滞麻醉,与其他麻醉方法相比,具有操作简便、麻醉药用量少、麻醉效果确切、对血流动力学影响轻微,降低脊髓及脊神经根损伤几率等优势,是安全可行的.     

Comparison of health-related quality of life questionnaires in ambulatory oncology

The purpose of this study is to compare three commonly used health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) questionnaires for their ease of use, accuracy, and patient preference; identify factors related to patient preference; identify differences in patient completion rates; and to identify factors associated with patient completion of these questionnaires. Three psychometrically sound measures, the Symptom Distress Scale (SDS), Medical Outcome Study Short Form-36 (SF-36), and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT), were tested. Seventy-nine patients completed questionnaires in the ambulatory oncology setting. No significant differences in patient ratings were found in ease of use and accuracy among the questionnaires. All of the questionnaires were rated as easy to use and accurate. Patient ratings on preference were marginally significant (p=0.07). Forty-six percent of participants indicated that they preferred the SDS, whereas 27 and 39 preferred the SF-36 and the FACT. No significant differences in patient completion rates were found among the questionnaires. One hundred percent completion rates ranged from 88.6 for the SDS to 78.5 for the SF-36, and 80 completion rates ranged from 98.7 for the SDS to 94.9 for the SF-36. Administration of standardized HR-QOL questionnaires is feasible in the clinical setting.This research was supported by an American Cancer Society Institutional Research Grant (IRG 58-012-42) through Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center and a grant from Bayer Pharmaceutical Company.     

复杂性腹腔镜胆囊切除术手术可行性研究

目的 探讨在复杂性腹腔性胆囊切除术中安全可行的方法。方法 分析总结我科自1991年以来成功完成复杂性腹腔镜胆囊切除术的经验与教训。结果 全部病例除2例中转开腹外，余均成功完成手术。结论 如果术前评估充分、术中处理得当。对于复杂性腹腔镜胆囊切除术，仍然安全可行。     

Experience with Kangaroo mother care in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Chandigarh, India

Objective  To study the feasibility and acceptability of Kangaroo mother care (KMC) on the low birth weight infants (LBWI) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) by the mothers, family members and health care workers (HCW) and to observe its effect on the vital parameters of the babies. Method  A observation in the NICU. Results  A total of 135 babies (74 boys and 61 girls) who completed minimum of 4 hrs of KMC/day, were included. The mean birth weight and gestation were 1460gm and 30 week respectively. 47% babies started KMC within first week of age. Mean duration of KMC was 7 days (3–48) days. The O₂ saturation improved by 2–3%, temperature (°C) rose from 36.75 ± 0.19 to 37.23 ± 0.25, respiration stabilized (p<0.05 for all) and heart rate dropped by 3–5 beats. No episodes of hypothermia or apnea were observed during KMC. KMC was accepted by 96 % mothers, 82% fathers and 84% other family members. 94% HCW considered it to be safe and conservative method of care of LBWI. Benefits of KMC on the babies’ behavior and on maternal confidence and lactation were reported by 57%, 94% and 80% respectively. A decline in use of heating devices in the NICU was reported by 85% and 79% said it did not increase their work load. Conclusion  KMC was found to be safe, effective and feasible method of care of LBWI even in the NICU settings. Positive attitudes were observed in mothers, families and HCW.     

儿童接种疫苗实施家长核对并签名的可行性调查

目的探讨儿童接种疫苗实施家长核对并签名措施的可行性。方法针对预防接种实施中易发生的差错和纠纷，设计“预防接种处方”，要求儿童家长对接种疫苗的关键内容核对后在处方上签名确认。随机抽取儿童家长198人及接种人员38人进行有关该项措施实施可行性的问卷调查。结果2年前本中心预防接种门诊共发生错用和家长怀疑错用疫苗的纠纷9宗，而实施儿童预防接种疫苗家长核对并签名措施2年内同样的纠纷为0宗。调查显示91．4％的家长认为儿童接种疫苗实施家长核对并在处方签名“有必要”，100．0％的接种人员认为“有必要”。结论实施家长核对疫苗并在接种处方上签名，加强了查对力度，扩大了知情权，尊重了家长的意愿，得到家长及接种人员认可，可有效防止错用和家长怀疑错用疫苗引发的纠纷。     

Feasibility of a standardised quality of life questionnaire in a weekly diary format for inoperable lung cancer patients

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies testing quality of life assessment (QoL) in routine oncology clinical practice have been based at single institutions and many have utilised touch-screen computer technology. The objective of this study was to test the feasibility of a low-tech QoL diary that could be held by the patient and shared with professionals across the health care setting. METHODS: The EORTC-QLQ-C30 and LC13 were used and adapted into an A5 diary format. Patients were instructed to complete the questions each week at home and to share the information with any health professional involved in their care. Feasibility of the diary format was examined through assessment of compliance, utilisation and satisfaction using a mixed methods approach. RESULTS: Diary completion rates were good; however, utilisation of the diary was poor, with only 23% (13/57) of patients stating explicitly that they had shared the diary with a health professional. Patients were generally satisfied with the diary format; however, qualitative analysis did identify some negative effects of diary completion. CONCLUSIONS: A patient-held QoL diary is feasible for a proportion of palliative care patients but the importance of training and support for patients and staff cannot be underestimated when implementing a new tool into clinical practice.     

宫颈癌患者生存质量评估表设计及质量研究

目的：研究设计中文版宫颈癌患者生存质量评估量表(QOL-UCC)，并对QOL-UCC量表质量进行统计学检验。方法：参考国际对QOL范围的界定及既往量表，综合宫颈癌特点设计QOL-UCC。对113例宫颈癌患者用QOL-UCC评估生存质量，以考察量表可信性、有效性及可行性。其中被测者信度、重测信度、分半信度、克朗巴赫系数表示量表可信性，准确关联效度、结构效度、反应度研究表示量表有效性，量表完成率及完成时间表示量表可行性。结果：QOL-UCC量表具有较好的可信性、较高的有效性和符合要求的量表可行性。结论：QOL-UCC量表是一份较好的宫颈癌患者生存质量评估量表，可望临床推广使用。