临床科室护士职业疲劳现况调查

[目的]探讨海南省三甲医院临床科室护士职业疲劳现况及其影响因素,预防慢性疲劳综合征的发生。[方法]采用自制的一般情况调查表和疲劳评定量表-14对海南省3家三甲医院共744名护士进行横断面调查。[结果]①疲劳量表-14总平均得分为(8.03±3.02)分,疲劳得分高于健康人群,不同科室间疲劳总分差异有统计学意义。②多元线性回归分析显示影响临床护士职业疲劳的因素有工作单位、饮食不规律、健康状况、舒张压、每周值夜班两次及以上和工作年限。[结论]影响临床护士职业疲劳的因素是多方面的,可采取综合措施进行预防。     

疲劳应激致血管内皮功能障碍与肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统变化的关系及通络方药的干预

目的： 利用疲劳应激型血管内皮功能障碍动物模型,探讨过度疲劳状态下血管内皮功能障碍与肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统（RAAS）及白细胞介素家族部分因子变化的关系及通络方药的干预作用。方法：健康雄性Wistar大鼠,随机分为对照组;高同型半胱氨酸（HCY）组;疲劳应激组;人参组;双参组;通心络组。放免方法检测血浆肾素活性（PRA）、血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）、醛固酮（ALD)、白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素-2（IL-2）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）的水平及血管活性物质内皮素1（ET-1）、血栓素A2(TXA2)、前列环素I2（PGI2）、一氧化氮（NO）水平;ELISA方法检测去甲肾上腺素（NE）、白细胞介素-10（IL-10）水平。利用复杂系统分析方法分析血管内皮功能障碍与RAAS的关系。结果：与对照组比较,疲劳应激组缩血管因子ET-1、TXA2水平明显增高（P<0.01,P<0.05）,而舒血管因子PGI2、NO含量则显著降低（P＜0.01,P<0.01）;与对照组比较,疲劳应激组血浆肾素活性显著降低(P<0.01),AngⅡ、IL-1β、IL-6显著升高（P<0.01,P<0.01）,并高于HCY组（P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.01）, NE含量也呈现升高趋势。与疲劳应激组比较,3种通络方药可显著降低血浆ET-1、AngⅡ、IL-1β、IL-6水平（P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.05）及NE水平, 同时通心络组ALD显著升高（P<0.05）。复杂系统分析结果显示：在疲劳应激组,AngⅡ、IL-1β与ET之间,ALD与PGI2之间,ALD与NO之间分别构成3个相互独立的系统,它们之间均是按照复杂系统的最优化原则发生相互联系,并存在递变规律。而对照组、HCY组、通络方药干预组却不存在该联系。结论：长期处于过度疲劳状态,可诱发血管内皮功能障碍,并且与肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统严重失平衡及植物神经功能失调有关,通络方药对此具有显著的改善作用。     

Day-to-day variation in saliva cortisol—Relation with sleep, stress and self-rated health

The objective was to examine the day-to-day variation in cortisol among healthy individuals and its relation to the time of saliva sampling, work, stress and fatigue. During 4 consecutive weeks, 14 office workers provided saliva samples (at awakening, 15 min after awakening and at bedtime) and made diary ratings for each day. Results showed a variation in cortisol values between participants but also within individuals. After controlling for the individual differences, results showed that low cortisol levels in the morning were associated with sleepiness at awakening and anxiety, exhaustion, and poor health the day before. High evening levels of cortisol were associated with symptoms of stress and poor self-rated health. Further analysis of the cortisol awakening response (CAR) showed that all participants had a mixture of both a positive and negative responses. During mornings with a negative response participants stayed in bed for a longer time after the initial awakening, which might be a sign of snoozing, thus missing the awakening response.     

Cortisol secretion and fatigue: Associations in a community based cohort

The association between fatigue and reduced activity in the hypothalamo-pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis has been described. However the temporal association between fatigue and HPA activity is under debate. We examine whether alterations in cortisol secretion play a role in the development of fatigue or whether changes occur later as a consequence of fatigue in a longitudinal cohort study of 4299 community dwelling adults (mean age 61). Cortisol secretion was measured from saliva samples collected waking, waking + 0.5, 2.5, 8, 12 h and bedtime at phase 7 (2003–2004) of the Whitehall II study. Fatigue was measured at phase 6 (2001), phase 7 and phase 8 (2006) of the Whitehall II study. Three elements of secretion were examined: waking cortisol, the cortisol awakening response and diurnal slope in cortisol secretion. Fatigue was determined using the vitality sub-scale of the Short Form-36. A wide variety of co-variates were measured. We find that fatigue measured at phase 6 was not associated with cortisol secretion at phase 7. At phase 7, low waking cortisol levels and a flat slope in diurnal cortisol secretion were associated with fatigue independently of co-variates. In participants low or free of fatigue at phase 7 low waking cortisol and flatter slope in cortisol secretion were associated with new-onset fatigue at phase 8 (for example, odds ratio for lowest vs. highest tertile of waking cortisol 1.50; 95% confidence intervals, 1.08, 2.09 after adjusting for all co-variates). In conclusion, we find that low waking salivary cortisol and a flat slope in cortisol secretion is associated with fatigue. Cortisol is also associated with future onset of fatigue suggesting that changes in cortisol secretion are etiologic or occur early in the genesis of fatigue.     

Fatigue in renal cell carcinoma: the hidden burden of current targeted therapies

Fatigue is one of the most common symptoms associated with cancer. Persistent fatigue can impair multiple aspects of daily functioning and quality of life, and patients report that treatment-related fatigue has a greater impact than other symptoms, including pain, nausea, and depression. Thus, management of fatigue is recognized as an important component of care for patients with cancer. Treatment of advanced and metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was, until recently, limited to cytokine-based therapies, which are associated with modest response rates and significant toxicity, including high rates of treatment-related fatigue. The paradigm for RCC treatment has shifted dramatically in the last 5 years with the advent of efficacious targeted therapies. These agents provide the promise of better tolerability because of their more selective mechanisms of action. However, there is considerable variation in the selectivity of targeted agents for RCC, and a review of randomized clinical trials in patients with advanced and/or metastatic disease reveals that there is considerable variation in the tolerability of these agents. Fatigue remains a prominent toxicity with current targeted therapies. Future agents that show better selectivity and potency than current targeted therapies should help to provide better efficacy and tolerability.     

癌因性疲乏的相关因素与应对方法的研究进展

尽管证据显示癌症患者体验着与癌症或癌症治疗相关的疲乏,但长期以来针对这一概念缺乏统一的定义,导致很难界定其产生原因。同时,患者也缺乏相应的专业支持来帮助他们应对。本文现对癌因性疲乏的相关因素和应对方法作一综述。     

消化道肿瘤患者癌因性疲乏与血清炎性因子及下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺素轴水平的相关性

目的 了解消化道肿瘤患者的疲乏水平,探讨癌因性疲乏(CRF)与血清炎性因子及下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺素(HPA)轴水平的相关性.方法 采用简易疲乏量表评估患者的疲乏水平,采用免疫比浊法测定血清C反应蛋白(CRP)水平,免疫微粒电发光法测定皮质醇水平,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测量血清中白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-1β、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)和去甲肾上腺素(NE)的水平.结果 消化道肿瘤患者CRF平均总体得分为(3.15±1.93)分,疲乏程度为轻中度,疲乏水平与血清中CRP、TNF-α水平呈明显正相关(r=0.321,P=0.000;r=0.265,P=0.000),与HPA轴中的NE、ACTH水平呈明显正相关(r=0.174,P=0.015;r=0.257,P=0.000),与皮质醇水平无关(r=0.033,P=0.652).美国东部肿瘤协作组(ECOG)得分(t=8.081,P=0.000)、文化程度(t=-4.244,P=0.000)、正在接受的治疗(t=4.563,P=0.000)、自诊断至采血日时间(t=3.453,P=0.001)、CRP(t=2.837,P=0.006)是CRF的重要影响因素.结论 消化道肿瘤患者CRF状况普遍存在,CRF与HPA轴中的NE、ACTH水平呈正相关.医务人员应重视对患者血清中炎性因子及激素水平的测定,改善患者的疲乏状况,提高生命质量.     

视神经脊髓炎患者疲劳与临床特点相关性研究

目的 研究视神经脊髓炎(neuromyelitis optica,NMO)患者疲劳和临床特点的关系。方法 对采用疲劳程度（fatigue impact scale,FIS）评分量表对我院已确诊为NMO的患者进行评分,并分析其疲劳程度与相关临床特点的关系。结果 64例符合NMO诊断的患者（平均年龄50.0岁,男性/女性:3/61）纳入研究,血清NMO-IgG阳性比例71.9%,43例（67.2%）NMO患者使用免疫抑制剂治疗。FIS-总评分结果平均值为:64.8±36.1,其中FIS-认知:13.2±8.5,FIS-生理:20.6±11.6,FIS-社会:31.0±18.7。免疫抑制剂使用组和非免疫抑制剂使用组其FIS-总（ P=0.294 9）、FIS-认知（ P=0.467 1）、FIS-生理（ P=0.472 2）、FIS-社会（ P=0.212 6）评分差异均无统计学意义。患者年龄、性别、血清NMO-IgG、病程、年复发率均不仅与FIS-总评分无相关性（ P>0.05）,也与疲劳对认知（ P>0.05）、生理（ P>0.05）、社会功能（ P>0.05）3个方面的影响无相关性。扩展残疾状态量表评分与FIS-总（ P=0.000 5）、FIS-认知（ P=0.018 7）、FIS-生理（ P=0.000 4）、FIS-社会（ P=0.000 5）均呈正相关。发作次数与FIS-认知呈正相关（ P=0.007 9）。结论 NMO患者残疾状态同疲劳对生理、社会、认知功能的影响均呈正相关,发作次数同疲劳对认知功能的影响呈正相关。     

Post-traumatic hypopituitarism and fatigue

ABSTRACT

Post-traumatic hypopituitarism (PTH) associated with chronic cognitive, psychiatric, and/or behavioural sequelae is common following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). More specifically, due to a cascade of hormonal deficiencies secondary to PTH, individuals with TBI may experience debilitating fatigue that can negatively impact functional recovery, as it can limit participation in brain injury rehabilitation services and lead to an increase in maladaptive lifestyle practices. While the mechanisms underlying fatigue and TBI are not entirely understood, the current review will address the specific anatomy and physiology of the pituitary gland, as well as the association between pituitary dysfunction and fatigue in individuals with TBI.     

不同输出电压对激光焊接钴铬合金焊件疲劳强度的影响

目的:探讨不同输出电压对激光焊接钴铬合金试件机械强度和疲劳强度的影响。方法:将牙科钴铬合金采用激光焊接在分别在220 V、250 V、280 V三种输出电压下焊接成哑铃形试件(n=10),以未焊接组作为对照,在材料测试机上进行三点弯曲试验,记录试件的最大压应力值和疲劳强度,并对断口进行显微晶相分析。结果:各焊接组的最大压应力值均小于未焊接组,其中220 V组最小,250 V组与280 V组的差别无显著性;各焊接组的疲劳强度随着输出电压的升高而升高,差异有显著性,但各焊接组的疲劳强度均远小于未焊接组。结论:在一定范围内,激光焊接的疲劳强度随输出电压的升高而增大。