中青年血清胆红素轻度增高者胆红素与血糖、血脂及血压的关系

目的观察中青年血清胆红素轻度增高者血糖、血脂及血压水平。方法中青年男女556人,高胆红素组296人,对照组260人。测定两组研究对象血清总胆红素、直接胆红素、空腹血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇及血压并对数据进行分析。结果男性胆红素高于女性,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。高胆红素组空腹血糖低于对照组,男性二组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,女性二组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。高胆红素组收缩压低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,舒张压高于对照组,且差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。高胆红素组男性总胆固醇、甘油三酯高于对照组,高及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇低于对照组,其中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与对照组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。高胆红素组女性总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇均高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。空腹血糖与男性总胆红素、直及间接胆红素和女性直接胆红素负相关。舒张压与男性总胆红素及直接胆红素和女性总胆红素及间接胆红素正相关;收缩压与男性胆红素不相关,与女性直接胆红素负相关。男性低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、女性总胆固醇、腰围与直接胆红素负相关。男性腰围与总胆红素、间接胆红素正相关。结论胆红素不同形式对空腹血糖均有影响,中青年阶段空腹血糖随着胆红素的增高而降低。胆红素对中青年男女舒张压的维持有一定作用,对收缩压的影响有性别差异,女性胆红素较高者,舒张压较低。中青年男女在高胆红素水平时有较少的心脑血管危险因素。     

Observational study of the efficacy of prolonged-release metformin in people with prediabetes

Abstract

Objectives: Prediabetes is characterized by elevation of indices of blood glucose that is insufficient to provoke a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, but markedly increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the future. Lifestyle interventions are the main therapeutic intervention for the management of prediabetes. Current guidelines also support treatment of prediabetes with metformin for selected subgroups of patients, and metformin has a therapeutic indication for this use in a number of countries.

Methods: We performed an observational, non-interventional study of the effects on glycaemia of prolonged-release metformin (Glucophage XR, referred to henceforth as metformin XR) in 686 subjects with prediabetes. Metformin was prescribed according to physicians’ usual care practices, and the study duration was 12?weeks.

Results: Mean (SD) fasting plasma glucose (FPG) at baseline was 6.2 (0.4) mmol/L [111 (8) mg/dL) and was reduced by –0.55 (0.7) mmol/L [–10 (13) mg/dL] after 12?weeks of metformin XR. FPG was normalized to below the American Diabetes Association cut-off for the diagnosis of prediabetes (<5.7?mmol/L [100?mg/dL]) in 43% of subjects. Increasing age, increasing body mass index, not following a weight-loss diet and alcohol use predicted a lower probability of normalized FPG. Metformin was well tolerated, with most side effects occurring in the gastrointestinal system, as expected.

Conclusions: Metformin XR normalized FPG in about two-fifths of subjects with prediabetes. These real-world data add further support a role for metformin in the management of prediabetes, in line with current guidelines in this area.     

Dietary intake and lipid profile in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis

Background

Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are advised to derive 35% of their daily energy intake from dietary fat. Whether this high fat intake is associated with dyslipidaemia is unknown. We described the lipid profile and dietary intake in paediatric patients with CF.

三级医院-社区糖尿病管理模式的应用

目的探讨三级医院-社区糖尿病管理模式的应用效果。方法选定景德镇市梨树园社区、莲花山社区、太平巷社区、北路社区及赛跑坦社区5个社区,从中抽取100例2型糖尿病患者作为研究对象,并将其随机分为观察组和对照组,各50例,对照组进行常规的糖尿病临床治疗和管理,由社区医师对糖尿病患者进行疾病教育管理,观察组患者采用三级医院-社区糖尿病管理模式,监测FPG、2 hPG、HbA1C等指标,进行健康教育跟踪及随访,建立社区糖尿病患者电子信息数据库,3个月后再次检测两组患者的FPG、2 hPG、 HbA1C等指标。对比两组患者的FPG、2 hPG、 HbA1C水平以及治疗满意度。结果两组患者FPG、2 hPG、 HbA1C等指标比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者的满意度92.0%(46/50)显著高于对照组76.0%(38/50)(P0.05)。结论采用三级医院-社区糖尿病管理模式糖尿病患者在代谢指标方面,效果明显好于采用常规的糖尿病临床治疗和管理的患者,因此在信息化技术手段的支持下,进行三级医院-社区糖尿病管理模式的推广探索具有一定的应用价值。     

A single portion of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L) improves protection against DNA damage but not vascular function in healthy male volunteers

It has been suggested that anthocyanin-rich foods may exert antioxidant effects and improve vascular function as demonstrated mainly in vitro and in the animal model. Blueberries are rich sources of anthocyanins and we hypothesized that their intake could improve cell protection against oxidative stress and affect endothelial function in humans. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of one portion (300 g) of blueberries on selected markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant protection (endogenous and oxidatively induced DNA damage) and of vascular function (changes in peripheral arterial tone and plasma nitric oxide levels) in male subjects. In a randomized cross-over design, separated by a wash out period ten young volunteers received one portion of blueberries ground by blender or one portion of a control jelly. Before and after consumption (at 1, 2, and 24 hours), blood samples were collected and used to evaluate anthocyanin absorption (through mass spectrometry), endogenous and H₂O₂-induced DNA damage in blood mononuclear cells (through the comet assay), and plasma nitric oxide concentrations (through a fluorometric assay). Peripheral arterial function was assessed by means of Endo-PAT 2000. Blueberries significantly reduced (P < .01) H₂O₂-induced DNA damage (−18%) 1 hour after blueberry consumption compared to control. No significant differences were observed for endogenous DNA damage, peripheral arterial function and nitric oxide levels after blueberry intake. In conclusion, one portion of blueberries seems sufficient to improve cell antioxidant defense against DNA damage, but further studies are necessary to understand their role on vascular function.     

Investigation of COVID-19 fear,treatment compliance,and metabolic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus during the pandemic

AimsThis study was carried out to investigate fear levels, treatment compliance, and metabolic control of type II Diabetes Mellitus patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThe study employed a single-center, observational design and was conducted between January and April 2021. The study consisted of 303 patients who attended the internal medicine outpatient clinic of a university hospital in Turkey. For data collection, the Patient Identification Form, COVID-19 Fear Scale, and the Type II Diabetes Treatment Compliance Scale were used. The study complied with the Helsinki Declaration criteria. IBM SPSS v25.0 statistics package program was used for data analysis.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 45.8 ± 7.5 years, the mean duration of illness was 8.2 ± 3.6 years. Moreover, 40.6% of patients presented with poor levels of treatment compliance. In addition, the mean FCV-19S score of the patients was 29.1 ± 3.05. It was noticeable that those with high mean scores of FCV-19S had poor compliance with treatment and metabolic control during the pandemic (p < 0.05).Practice implicationsFear of COVID-19 negatively affects treatment compliance and metabolic control of type II diabetes patients. The patients avoided attending their regular follow-ups at the hospital due to fear of contracting COVID-19. In order to reduce the fear of COVID-19 it is paramount to maintain optimum metabolic control and treatment compliance.     

Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in type 2 diabetes: Relation to nephropathy and retinopathy

Background

Diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of end stage renal disease worldwide. Early identification of diabetic nephropathy even before appearance of microalbuminuria is a challenge for early prevention of occurrence and progression of this complication. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin is a small protein that belongs to the lipocalin protein. Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin is a promising early marker in different renal problems.

瑞格列奈联合阿卡波糖治疗2型糖尿病的临床效果及HbA1c、FPG、2 hPG水平影响评价

目的分析瑞格列奈联合阿卡波糖治疗2型糖尿病的临床效果及对HbA1c、FPG、2 hPG水平的影响。方法该次研究中的88例观察对象均抽选于2019年4月—2020年4月在该院接受治疗的2型糖尿病患者当中。应用数字随机分组的方式将患者分为两组,对照组患者接受瑞格列奈联合盐酸二甲双胍治疗,观察组患者给予瑞格列奈联合阿卡波糖,两组患者均接受为期3个月的用药治疗,比较其血糖水平改善情况、临床疗效以及不良反应发生情况。结果治疗前,观察组和对照组患者的空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 hPG)以及糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后观察组患者的空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖和糖化血红蛋白均明显低于治疗前和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者的临床总好转率相比较于对照组,明显更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者的不良反应发生率与对照组相比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论瑞格列奈联合阿卡波糖治疗2型糖尿病的临床疗效显著,可有效控制患者的血糖水平,且安全性较高。     

Influence of aerobic fitness on age-related lymphocyte DNA damage in humans: relationship with mitochondria respiratory chain and hydrogen peroxide production

The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of aerobic fitness (AF) on age-related lymphocyte DNA damage in humans, giving special attention to the role of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and hydrogen peroxide production. Considering age and AF (as assessed by VO₂max), 66 males (19–59 years old) were classified as high fitness (HF) or low fitness (LF) and distributed into one of the following groups: young adults (19–29 years old), adults (30–39 years old), and middle-aged adults (over 40 years old). Peripheral lymphocytes obtained at rest were used to assess DNA damage (strand breaks and formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (FPG) sites through the comet assay), activity of mitochondrial complexes I and II (polarographically measured), and the hydrogen peroxide production rate (assayed by fluorescence). Results revealed a significant interaction between age groups and AF for DNA strand breaks (F = 8.415, p = .000), FPG sites (F = 11.766, p = .000), mitochondrial complex I activity (F = 7.555, p = .000), and H₂O₂ production (F = 7.500, p = .000). Except for mitochondrial complex II activity, the age variation of the remaining parameters was significantly attenuated by HF. Considering each AF level, an increase in DNA strand breaks and FPG sites with age (r = 0.655, p = 0.000, and r = 0.738, p = 0.000, respectively) was only observed in LF. Moreover, decreased mitochondrial complex I activity with age (r = −.470, p = .009) was reported in LF. These results allow the conclusion that high AF seems to play a key role in attenuating the biological aging process.