整合素β_3和纤维粘连蛋白在人正常及妊娠输卵管的表达与变化

目的:探讨整合素β3和纤维粘连蛋白(fibronectin,FN)在人正常及妊娠输卵管黏膜内的表达与变化。方法:应用免疫组化和图像分析技术检测整合素β3及FN在人正常和妊娠输卵管黏膜内的表达。结果:整合素β3在人正常输卵管黏膜上皮纤毛细胞的胞浆内表达。峡部,排卵后显著高于排卵前(P<0.001);壶腹部,排卵后显著下降(P<0.001);伞部,排卵后的4 d内升高,显著高于其它各时期(P<0.001)。输卵管近妊娠部位黏膜上皮纤毛细胞和分泌细胞胞浆内均表达整合素β3,与分泌期正常输卵管黏膜上皮细胞内的表达比差异无统计学意义。正常输卵管黏膜上皮基底膜和基质表达FN,增生期高于分泌期(P<0.001);FN在近妊娠部位输卵管黏膜内的表达量高于分泌期正常输卵管(P<0.001)。结论:输卵管各节段黏膜整合素β3和FN的表达水平依月经周期不同时期而有明显变化。整合素β3可能不参与输卵管妊娠的发生,FN有可能是输卵管内滞留胚胎植入的分子基础之一。     

Current approaches for modulation of the nanoscale interface in the regulation of cell behavior

Regulation of cell behavior in response to nanoscale features has been the focus of much research in recent years and the successful generation of nanoscale features capable of mimicking the natural nanoscale interface has been of great interest in the field of biomaterials research. In this review, we discuss relevant nanofabrication techniques and how they are combined with bioengineering applications to mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) and create valuable nanoscale interfaces.     

Reliability of the electrocortical response to gains and losses in the doors task

The ability to differentiate between rewards and losses is critical for motivated action, and aberrant reward and loss processing has been associated with psychopathology. The reward positivity (RewP) and feedback negativity (FN) are ERPs elicited by monetary gains and losses, respectively, and are promising individual difference measures. However, few studies have reported on the psychometric properties of the RewP and FN—crucial characteristics necessary for valid individual difference measures. The current study examined the internal consistency and 1‐week test‐retest reliability of the RewP and FN as elicited by the doors task among 59 young adults. The RewP, FN, and their difference score (ΔRewP) all showed significant correlations between Time 1 and Time 2. The RewP and FN also achieved acceptable internal consistency at both time points within 20 trials using both Cronbach's α and a generalizability theory‐derived dependability measure. Internal consistency for ΔRewP was notably weaker at both time points, which is expected from two highly intercorrelated constituent scores. In conclusion, the RewP and FN have strong psychometric properties in a healthy adult sample. Future research is needed to assess the psychometric properties of these ERPs in different age cohorts and in clinical populations.     

Time‐dependent changes in extra‐domain A‐fibronectin concentration and relative amounts of fibronectin‐fibrin complexes in plasma of patients with peripheral arterial disease after endovascular revascularisation

Fibronectin (FN) may be involved in time‐ and stage‐dependent and inter‐related controlled processes of inflammation, coagulation, and wound healing accompanying peripheral arterial disease (PAD). In the present study, FN and FN‐containing extra‐domain A (EDA‐FN), macromolecular FN‐fibrin complexes, and FN monomer were analysed in the plasma of 142 PAD patients, including 37 patients with restenosis, for 37 months after revascularisation. FN concentration increased significantly in the plasma of PAD patients within 7 to 12 months after revascularisation, whereas the high concentration of EDA‐FN was maintained up to 24 months, significantly higher in the group 7 to 12 months after revascularisation with recurrence of stenosis and lower in the PAD groups 1 to 3 months and 4 to 6 months after revascularisation with comorbid diabetes and ulceration, respectively. The relative amounts of FN‐fibrin complexes up to 1600 kDa and FN monomer were significantly higher, within intervals of 4 to 24 months and 4 to 6 months after revascularisation, respectively. Moreover, the relative amounts of 750 to 1600 kDa FN‐fibrin complexes within 13 to 24 months after revascularisation were higher in comparison with those in the group without restenosis. In conclusion, high levels of EDA‐FN and FN‐fibrin complexes could have potential diagnostic value in the management of PAD patients after revascularisation, predicting restenosis risk.     

黄芪对IgA肾病大鼠肾组织α-SMA和FN的影响

目的：探讨黄芪对IgA肾病大鼠肾组织α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）、纤维连接蛋白（FN）表达的影响,以观察黄芪对对IgA肾病的治疗作用及抗肾间质纤维化的机理。方法：复制IgA肾病大鼠模型,并给予黄芪治疗,分析肾脏病理改变,采用免疫组织化学技术检测各组大鼠肾组织中α-SMA、FN的表达情况。结果：IgA肾病模型组大鼠肾小球系膜区、肾小管、肾间质病理损害较正常对照组和黄芪治疗组明显加重,模型组大鼠肾小球系膜区IgA免疫荧光明显增强,与正常对照组（P〈0．001）和黄芪治疗组（P〈0．001）比较均有统计学意义。正常组肾组织有少量α-SMA和FN的表达,而IgA肾病模型组大鼠肾组织中α-SMA和FN表达明显增强,与正常对照组和黄芪治疗组α-SMA（P〈0．05）和FN（P〈0．05）比较差别有统计学意义。结论：黄芪可以抑制IgA肾病大鼠肾组织中α-SMA和FN的表达,从而干预肾间质纤维化,减轻肾脏病理改变,延缓IgA肾病的发生发展。     

Diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography: Systematic review and meta-analysis

PurposeTo estimate sensitivity and specificity of CESM for breast cancer diagnosis.MethodsSystematic review and meta-analysis of the accuracy of CESM in finding breast cancer in highly selected women. We estimated summary receiver operating characteristic curves, sensitivity and specificity according to quality criteria with QUADAS-2.ResultsSix hundred four studies were retrieved, 8 of these reporting on 920 patients with 994 lesions, were eligible for inclusion. Estimated sensitivity from all studies was: 0.98 (95% CI: 0.96–1.00). Specificity was estimated from six studies reporting raw data: 0.58 (95% CI: 0.38–0.77). The majority of studies were scored as at high risk of bias due to the very selected populations.ConclusionCESM has a high sensitivity but very low specificity. The source studies were based on highly selected case series and prone to selection bias. High-quality studies are required to assess the accuracy of CESM in unselected cases.     

Cardiac myosin-binding protein C in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities

Cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyBP-C) is a component of the thick filaments of the sarcomere. Understanding the structural and functional role of cMyBP-C in the heart is clinically relevant since cMyBP-C gene mutations are a widely recognized cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), which affects 0.2% of the general population. Nonsense and frameshift mutations are common in cMyBP-C and their expressions are regulated by three quality control systems, the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, ubiquitin-proteasome system, and autophagy, which contribute to minimize the production of potential poison mutant proteins. This review discusses the structural and regulatory functions of cMyBP-C, the molecular mechanisms involved in cMyBP-C-related HCM, as well as potential causative therapies for HCM.     

川芎嗪纳米喷雾剂对大鼠腹腔粘连相关因子和纤溶系统影响的实验研究

目的探讨川芎嗪纳米喷雾剂对大鼠腹腔粘连相关因子和纤溶系统的影响。方法将SD大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、透明质酸钠组、川芎嗪纳米喷雾剂高、中、低剂量组、聚乳酸空白纳米组、川芎嗪原料组、川芎提取物组共9组。以锉刀法进行造模,分别于术后1周、2周收集大鼠腹腔液,ELISA法测定腹腔液中相关因子TGF-β1、FN、CTGF的含量,以及纤溶系统PAI和t-PA的含量。结果川芎嗪纳米喷雾剂有改善粘连相关因子TGF-β1、FN、CTGF升高的作用;与粘连模型组比较,抑制了PAI活性的增强,相对增强了t-PA的活性作用,且川芎嗪纳米喷雾剂存在一定的量效关系。结论川芎嗪纳米喷雾剂抗腹腔粘连的作用机制可能与抑制了粘连所致的TGF-β1、FN、CTGF的升高以及调节了t-PA、PAI之间的平衡相关。     

Cell surface glycan-lectin interactions in tumor metastasis

The development of secondary cancers, metastases, requires that a multitude of events are completed in an ordered and sequential manner. This review focuses on the role of cell surface glycans and their binding partners in the metastatic process. A common feature of metastasis is that the steps require adhesive interactions; many of these are mediated by cell surface glycans and their interactions with endogenous carbohydrate binding proteins (lectins). Aberrant glycosylation is a key feature of malignant transformation and the glycans involved influence the adhesive interactions of cancer cells often providing favorable conditions for tumor dissemination. This review focuses on glycans on the cancer cell surface and their association with endogenous lectins. In particular, E-cadherin and siglec-mediated disaggregation of tumor cells from the primary tumor mass; integrins, laminin and CD44-mediated invasion and migration of tumor cells through the connective tissue; the involvement of heparan sulphate in tumor angiogenesis and C-/S-type lectin interactions with the vasculature. The potential role of glycans in cancer cell evasion of immune surveillance is considered.