The Burden of Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure: Therapeutic Approach

Heart failure (HF) is highlighted by its burdening symptom-limited exercise capacity and recurrent hospitalizations. Despite substantial advances regarding disease-modifying drugs in HF with reduced ejection fraction, additional therapeutic strategies to improve quality of life are invaluable. Currently, iron deficiency (ID) is overwhelmingly recognized in over 30% to 50% of patients with stable chronic HF, which worsens prognosis. The established pathophysiological mechanisms of progressive HF may be intertwined with increasing myocardial iron scarcity, wherein one begets the other. Most importantly, ID constitutes a novel target for symptom relief in carefully selected patients. In this regard, intravenous iron may be a safe and efficacious intervention, potentially reducing HF hospitalizations. We discuss the evidence and gaps in knowledge concerning iron therapy in HF and propose a practical, comprehensive, clinically oriented algorithm for timely adequate iron replenishment in different clinical scenarios. Finally, we further debate imperative decision-making before intervention and the drawbacks of such a strategy.     

重组柞蚕抗菌肽AD的纯化及鉴定

目的从重组柞蚕抗菌肽AD毕赤酵母发酵液中分离纯化出抗菌肽纯品,并对其进行纯度、分子量和抗菌作用的鉴定。方法用离子交换和疏水层析法对发酵液中的重组柞蚕抗菌肽AD进行分离纯化,用高效液相色谱法分析产物的纯度,再用基质辅助激光解析—飞行时间质谱仪对产物进行分子量鉴定,并结合传统微量肉汤稀释法和流式细胞术分析重组柞蚕抗菌肽AD纯品对E.coli敏感株及耐药株的抗菌作用。结果重组柞蚕抗菌肽AD经离子交换和疏水层析纯化后的纯度达到98.40%,分子量为4068.15Da,与所设计的重组柞蚕抗菌肽AD大小相近。所纯化出的重组柞蚕抗菌肽AD对E.coli的敏感株ATCC25922和产β-内酰胺酶耐药株株ATCC35218的抗菌作用均为MIC 8μg/m L,而头孢他啶和氨苄西林对耐药株ATCC35218的MIC的值分别为8μg/m L和>32μg/m L。结论成功纯化分离出具有自主知识产权的重组柞蚕抗菌肽AD,其对E.coli敏感株和耐药株具有相同的抗菌效果。     

肝细胞再生刺激物质长期使用对慢性肝损害肝细胞倍体影响的实验研究

采用新生小牛(未进食前)肝研制的肝细胞再生刺激物质(HSS),对CCL_4造成慢性肝损伤进行长期治疗.利用同位素~3H=TdR掺入和流式细胞计数分析相结合的方法,探讨HSS长期使用有无致畸作用.结果表明,①Hss在体外、内均能刺激肝细胞DNA合成,其Cpm值低于急性肝损伤增生值;②肝细胞合成周期以Go/1期为主;③增生的肝细胞DNA倍体为4,8倍体等整倍体细胞为主,未见异常非整倍体细胞.我们结论是利用新生小牛肝中制备的HSS长期使用无致畸,致癌”作用.     

改进的快速FCM及SVM实现糖网白色病灶的自动检测

为构建基于眼底图像的糖尿病视网膜病变(糖网)自动筛查系统,提出一种基于改进的快速FCM(IFFCM)及SVM的糖网白色病灶自动检测算法.首先,利用改进的快速FCM算法,对彩色眼底图像进行粗分割获取糖网白色病灶候选区域,由于该算法将中值滤波添加到FCM算法的准则函数中,同时利用K-means算法的聚类结果对FCM进行聚类中心初始化,使得该算法克服了传统FCM算法计算复杂度高以及对噪声敏感的缺点;其次,采用两层级联分类结构的SVM对候选区域进行分类,即先利用SVM根据候选区域的特征集将白色病灶提取出来,再利用SVM根据另外的特征集将白色病灶中的硬性渗出与棉绒斑区分开,从而实现眼底图像中糖网白色病灶的自动检测.利用该方法对65幅眼底图像进行糖网白色病灶的自动检测,得到图像水平灵敏度100％,特异性95.0％,准确率98.46％;病灶区域水平(硬性渗出/棉绒斑)灵敏度96.42％/97.15％,阳性预测值90.03％/91.18％;平均一幅图像处理时间35.56 s.结果表明:将改进的快速FCM算法所提供的良好粗分割结果与识别率较高的分类器SVM相结合,使得对糖网白色病灶的自动检测结果较优,即该算法能够高效地自动检测出眼底图像中的糖网白色病灶.     

冷藏对血小板膜糖蛋白GPⅠbα末端糖基脱落的影响

目的：测定冷藏（4℃）保存48 h后血小板膜糖蛋白GPⅠbα末端糖基脱落情况。方法分别以一定浓度梯度的FITC-sWGA、FITC-RCA-1、FITC-ECA标记血小板,应用流式细胞仪检测,确定最佳工作浓度。检测冷藏保存48 h后血小板GPⅠbα末端唾液酸基及次末端半乳糖基脱落情况。结果 FITC-sWGA、FITC-RCA-1、FITC-ECA工作浓度分别为2μg/ml、2μg/ml、30μg/ml时标记效果好。冷藏保存48 h后GPⅠbα末端唾液酸基及次末端半乳糖基脱落较22℃常规保存明显增加,分别增至（156±18）%及（123±13）%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。结论冷藏保存48 h可致血小板膜糖蛋白GPⅠbα末端糖基脱落增加。     

生物标志物检测法评价注射用丹参多酚酸对血小板活性的影响

目的：采用生物标志物检测法评价注射用丹参多酚酸对血小板活性的影响。方法：用检测生物标志物（血小板膜糖蛋白CD62p）的方法测定经二磷酸腺苷(ADP)激活的血小板活化率,判定受试物是否具有抑制血小板活化的作用。体内法比较大鼠给予受试物后和给药前抗凝血的血小板活化率,体外法比较添加受试物与未加受试物混合的大鼠抗凝血的血小板活化率。结果：在体内和体外模型中,注射用丹参多酚酸可明显抑制血小板上由ADP激活的CD62p高表达,血小板的活化受到抑制。结论：采用生物标志物检测的方法,简单快捷,可有效的评价药物对血小板活性的影响,体外法更适合建立检测标准。     

Design of hybrid radial basis function neural networks (HRBFNNs) realized with the aid of hybridization of fuzzy clustering method (FCM) and polynomial neural networks (PNNs)

In this study, we propose Hybrid Radial Basis Function Neural Networks (HRBFNNs) realized with the aid of fuzzy clustering method (Fuzzy C-Means, FCM) and polynomial neural networks. Fuzzy clustering used to form information granulation is employed to overcome a possible curse of dimensionality, while the polynomial neural network is utilized to build local models. Furthermore, genetic algorithm (GA) is exploited here to optimize the essential design parameters of the model (including fuzzification coefficient, the number of input polynomial fuzzy neurons (PFNs), and a collection of the specific subset of input PFNs) of the network. To reduce dimensionality of the input space, principal component analysis (PCA) is considered as a sound preprocessing vehicle. The performance of the HRBFNNs is quantified through a series of experiments, in which we use several modeling benchmarks of different levels of complexity (different number of input variables and the number of available data). A comparative analysis reveals that the proposed HRBFNNs exhibit higher accuracy in comparison to the accuracy produced by some models reported previously in the literature.     

基于FCM聚类算法的MRI脑组织图像分割方法比较研究

目的磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)对脑组织有较好的成像效果,但噪声、偏移场和部分容积效应(partial volume effect,PVE)的存在,使得全自动分割MRI图像面临一定的困难。模糊C均值(fuzzy C-means,FCM)聚类算法在脑组织分割中得到较广泛研究。本文以存在噪声和偏移场影响的脑MRI图像分割为应用背景,研究了大量相关方法,探讨FCM算法分割脑部图像的改进思想。方法本文主要研究了9种FCM算法的理论基础,并通过脑组织分割实验对各种算法进行了分析。结果比较了不同算法的优劣,给出各类算法直观及定量评价结果。结论偏移场和噪声对脑磁共振图像组织分类质量有明显影响。其中几种方法可以减弱这些不利影响,但由于难以选择合适的参数,其分类效果并不理想。如何合理利用空间信息在未来仍有较大研究价值。     

一种结合FCM的Mumford-Shah混合模型MR图像分割方法

为了实现MR图像中多目标感兴趣区域的提取,提高MR分割精度。提出一种在Mumford-Shah混合模型中耦合模糊C均值聚类（FCM）的MR图像分割方法。首先,采用FCM对图像进行预分割,解决初始零水平集曲线的定位问题;其次,在Mumford-Shah混合模型的保真项中耦合感兴趣区域的FCM信息。所提取方法对脑白质、脑灰质、脑室平均重叠率分别为76.05%、72.61%和71.18%,而使用FCM方法分别为64.77%、62.38%和60.79%。实验结果表明：与FCM区域信息结合的Mumford-Shah模型在MR图像分割处理中有较高的分割精度与抗噪声能力。