Current pathology work-up of extremity soft tissue sarcomas,evaluation of the validity of different techniques

Objective

In patients with extremity soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) a correct histopathological diagnosis is considered important before surgical treatment. We evaluated the preoperative use and sensitivity of the various pathology techniques.

Methods

In a population-based study in patients operated for a newly diagnosed extremity STS between January 2000 and December 2003 the preoperative pathology work-up was evaluated. Data were retrieved from a national pathology database (PALGA). The sensitivity of the three techniques was assessed considering an examination affirmative when the conclusion of the pathology report stated the presence of mesenchymal malignancy.

Results

The pathology reports of 573 patients were identified in the database. In 177 patients (31%) no pathology examination was done before resection of the tumour. In the remaining 396 patients the pathology procedure of first choice had been an incisional biopsy (IB) in 195 patients (49%), a core-needle biopsy (CNB) in 90 patients (23%) and a fine needle aspiration (FNA) in 111 patients (28%). An affirmative diagnosis was established in 95% of the patients following an IB, in 78% after a CNB and in 38% following FNA. After an initial CNB an additional IB was performed in 18 of the 90 patients improving the yield to 89%. After an initial FNA a subsequent histological biopsy was done in 53 of the 111 patients, increasing the sensitivity to 71%.

Conclusions

In this population-based study in patients treated for extremity STS, the proportion of patients operated without preoperative pathology evaluation was high. In the remaining patients an incisional biopsy was still the most commonly performed technique with the highest yield.     

滑膜肉瘤的影像学诊断及鉴别诊断

目的：研究滑膜肉瘤的影像表现及其诊断价值。方法：分析11例滑膜肉瘤的影像表现,所有病人均摄X线照片,8例CT和5例MRI检查。结果：①11例滑膜肉瘤均邻近关节,3例靠近上肢关节,8例靠近下肢关节;②4例滑膜肉瘤中有钙化;③6例滑膜肉瘤出现相邻骨质囊状破坏;④CT上表现为略低于肌肉密度的肿块,内部密度欠均匀;⑤磁共振T2WI/STIR像上肿瘤内多呈“卵石状”稍高信号结节,其间有低信号间隔。结论：滑膜肉瘤有一定的影像表现特点和诊断价值,MRI特别是对病变诊断优于X线平片和CT,但确诊有赖于病理。     

负压封闭引流技术在骨筋膜室综合征中的应用

目的探讨负压封闭引流技术(Vacuum Sealing Drainage,VSD)在骨筋膜综合征中的应用及其临床效果。方法对11例骨筋膜室综合征患者的18处减张切口采用VSD材料一期覆盖,通过持续负压吸引以及更换VSD材料,使创面能直接拉拢缝合。减张切口位于前臂掌侧以及小腿内外侧,减张后创面面积为26cm×10cm～12cm×6cm。结果 18处创面均直接缝合,11处创面通过1次负压吸引后闭合,5处创面通过2次负压吸引后闭合,2处创面通过3次负压吸引后闭合,负压吸引时间为7～21d,平均13d。1例创面发生感染,经清创及更换VSD材料治疗后愈合。随访3～6个月,切口瘢痕柔软,无肌肉挛缩等并发症。结论负压封闭引流技术可以有效地闭合深筋膜减张切口,操作简便,创面愈合良好。     

稳定型心绞痛患者下肢外周动脉病的临床研究

目的了解稳定型心绞痛患者下肢外周动脉疾病的发病情况及相关危险因素,为采取相应的预防治疗措施提供依据。方法选取明确诊断稳定型心绞痛的在院患者154例,每位患者测量踝臂指数(ABI)的同时进行临床资料调查,ABI0.05),伴有糖尿病史、高血压病史及吸烟史的患者PAD发病率高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论稳定型心绞痛住院患者伴有糖尿病史、高血压病史及吸烟史是PAD的高危人群,需要及早预防及治疗。     

临床护理路径在四肢骨折术后感染者中的整体护理效果

目的探讨临床护理路径在四肢骨折手术后感染者中的整体护理效果。 方法以2012年7月至2014年12月本院收治的83例四肢骨折手术后感染者为研究对象,按照住院号奇偶分对照组和观察组,其中对照组患者给予传统护理模式,观察组患者采用临床路径指导下的整体护理模式。比较两组患者的平均住院时间、其他并发症发生率、护理工作的满意度、健康教育知晓率及焦虑抑郁情绪水平。 结果观察组患者的平均住院天数、出院时焦虑及抑郁水平均显著低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义（t = 2.443、P = 0.017,t = 3.118、P = 0.002,t = 4.223、P = 0.000）,而出院时护理工作满意度和健康教育知晓率显著高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义（χ²= 6.553、P = 0.038,χ²= 7.695、P = 0.021）,两组患者其他并发症发生率差异无统计学意义（χ²= 0.678、P = 0.410）。 结论临床护理路径和整体护理模式的结合能够更好的为四肢骨折术后感染者提供护理支持,减轻患者的负担。     

Silverhawk斑块切除成形治疗严重膝下动脉硬化闭塞性病变

目的：探讨Silverhawk斑块切除成型治疗严重膝下动脉硬化闭塞性病变的安全性和有效性。 方法：回顾分析2年来治疗的9例该病患者临床与随访资料。其中男性3例,女性6例,平均年龄（64.0±9.1）岁,病程（28.9±25.9）个月;下肢间歇性跛行5例,静息痛1例,足趾溃疡1例,坏疽2例;6例病变位于胫腓干动脉,1例位于胫前动脉,2例位于胫后动脉;1例行单纯斑块切除,余8例患者均同时采用介入技术处理了流入道动脉病变。 结果：所有手术均获得成功。出院时所有患者再通血管保持通畅。跛行患者跛行距离均增至500 m以上,1例静息痛术后缓解,1例足趾溃疡面积缩小,2例坏疽呈干性无感染。患者术后踝肱比值（ABI）均较术前增加。所有患者得到随访,平均时间为（24.0±9.5）个月。1例患者术后23个月因心肌梗死死亡;1例患者间歇性跛行距离较术后最好时期有所减少,但仍优于术前;静息痛患者疼痛症状消失;溃疡患者伤口愈合;2例坏疽患者,1例仍保持干性状态,另1例其坏疽两趾脱落,创面愈合。 结论：Silverhawk斑块切除成型治疗严重膝下动脉硬化闭塞病变是一种安全有效的方法,是否能够成为一种常规的技术,还需要随机对照研究远期结果的验证。

     

Amputation for Recurrent Soft Tissue Sarcoma of the Extremity: Indications and Outcome

Background: Limb salvage after primary site failure of extremity soft tissue sarcoma is a challenging problem. Amputation may be the most effective treatment option in selected patients with local recurrence. We compared the outcome of patients treated with amputation versus limb-sparing surgery (LSS) for locally recurrent extremity sarcoma.Methods: From 1982 to 2000, 1178 patients with localized primary extremity sarcoma underwent LSS. Of these, 204 (17%) developed local recurrence. Eighteen (9%) required major amputation and the remainder underwent LSS, of which 34 were selected for matched-pair analysis according to established prognostic variables. Rates of recurrence or death were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Following adjustment for prognostic variables, a Mantel-Haenszel test was used to compare the outcome between the two treatment groups.Results: Patients in each group were well matched. All patients had high-grade tumors deep to the fascia. Median time to local recurrence was similar for both groups. Median follow-up was 95 months. Amputation was associated with a significant improvement in local control of disease (94% vs. 74%; P = .04). We observed no difference in disease-free (P = .48), disease-specific (P = .74), or overall survival (P = .93) between the two groups. Median postrecurrence survival was 20 months and 5-year OS was 36% for the entire study group.Conclusions: Limb-sparing treatment achieves local control in the majority of recurrent extremity sarcomas for which amputation is infrequently indicated. Amputation improves local disease control but not survival under these circumstances.     

Clinical significance of margin status in postoperative radiotherapy for extremity and truncal soft-tissue sarcoma

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) in extremity and truncal soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) patients with microscopically positive or close margins after excision can achieve comparable local control to that of excision with negative margin plus RT. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 150 patients (111 extremity and 39 trunk cases) treated with conserving surgery and adjuvant RT was analyzed. All surgical margins were classified as being a negative margin or a positive or close margin based on pathologic margin width. RT was delivered with a shrinking-field technique in 150 patients (median, 63 Gy). RESULTS: All patients were divided into two groups: (A) excision with negative margins plus RT (n = 56) and (B) excision with positive or close margins plus RT (n = 94). Overall, the 5-year local failure-free survival in all patients was 72.9%, and no significant differences were found between the two groups (Group A, 74.7%; Group B, 71.6%). High tumor grade was found to be a significant predictor of local failure. However, Group A was superior to Group B in distant metastasis-free survival (p = 0.02). No significant differences were shown in overall survival between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: In our series, margin status did not predict for LF when adjuvant RT was used. We believe that when adjuvant RT is used, re-resection may not be necessary for selected patients with positive or close pathologic margins in the management of extremity and truncal STS patients.     

重症下肢深静脉血栓形成治疗的临床研究

目的 探讨综合应用下腔静脉滤器置入、手术取栓、同时处理Cockett综合征、术后抗凝及溶栓等方法 治疗重症下肢深静脉血栓(股青肿)的疗效.方法 回顾近10余年9例重症下肢深静脉血栓患者的临床资料.9例中8例行下腔静脉滤器置入、手术取栓、术后抗凝及溶栓,8例中有7例为左下肢深静脉血栓患者.均发现合并不同程度的Cockett综合征,其中2例同时处理Cockett综合征;9例中1例(左下肢深静脉血栓患者)行下肢静脉溶栓术.结果 所有患者均无肺栓塞发生,经手术的8例患者除1例(左下肢深静脉血栓患者)术后出现湿性坏疽,被迫截肢外,其余7例均取得较为满意的疗效,挽救了患肢.1例行下肢静脉溶栓的患者死亡.1个月后复查彩超,没有同时处理Cockett综合征的5例中有2例左下肢血栓患者复发血栓,但均未再次发展为股青肿.7例随访1.5～10年,均未发生严重并发症.结论 综合应用下腔静脉滤器置人、手术取栓、同时处理Cockett综合征、术后抗凝及溶栓等方法 是治疗重症下肢深静脉血栓(股青肿)的有效方法 ,Cockett综合征是左下肢DVT取栓术后复发的重要原因.