四肢横纹肌肉瘤的MRI和CT影像学特征——附9例报告

背景与目的:四肢横纹肌肉瘤的影像学研究少见报道,本研究探讨四肢横纹肌肉瘤的MRI和CT影像学特征.方法:对9例四肢横纹肌肉瘤的MRI和CT资料进行回顾性分析.结果:8例进行了MRI检查的病变与肌肉相比,在T1WI都表现为等、低信号相混杂,以前者为主;在T2WI则均呈高信号与等和/或低信号相混杂的表现;注射造影剂后,病变都表现为显著强化,且明显不均.其中5例边界不清,周围可见水肿,3例边界清楚,周围未见水肿.3例进行了CT检查的病变与肌肉相比在平扫可见等、低密度成分,以前者为主,均未见钙化.其中1例边界清楚,2例边界不清;1例进行了增强扫描,表现为显著强化,且明显不均.全部9例患者的病变中8例可见坏死或囊变,均未见出血以及邻近骨骼破坏,但3例包绕邻近血管,1例形成静脉瘤栓.结论:MRI和CT检查若显示发生在四肢的软组织肿瘤,有坏死,强化明显且不均匀时,要在鉴别诊断中考虑横纹肌肉瘤,在没有出血、钙化及邻近骨破坏时更要考虑其可能性.     

������֫�ܰ�ˮ��18���������Ʒ���̽��

目的 探讨重型四肢淋巴水肿的手术治疗方法。方法 对18例难治性，巨型象皮肿病人，根据年龄，体质以及病变情况，分别采用病变组织切除植皮，皮瓣下病变组织切除以及梭形病变组织除三种手术方式治疗。结果 畸形，巨大的患肢明显缩小，肢体功能改善，效果显著。随访6－26个月，疗效稳定。结论 切除病变组织治疗重型四肢淋巴水肿，疗效确切。手术方式依病人具体情况而定。术后患肢坚持使用弹力绷带是巩固疗效的重要措施。     

周围血管疾病的肢体血流图研究

应用肢体阻抗血流图,测定30例周围血管疾病小腿部搏动血流变化,与正常人对照,差异较显著。对12例患者作周围动脉造影检查,其中多发性大动脉炎5例,血栓闭寒性脉管炎5例,2例外伤。动脉造影对周围血管疾病的诊断有肯定意义,尤其配合肢体阻抗血流图观察能反映患肢血流动力学变化,为周围血管疾病的诊断和治疗观察,提供了一种可靠易行的方法。     

Intra- and Interrater Reliability and Concurrent Validity of a New Tool for Assessment of Breast Cancer–Related Lymphedema of the Upper Extremity

Objective

The goal of this study was to develop and assess intra- and interrater reliability and validity of a clinical evaluation tool for breast cancer–related lymphedema, for use in the context of outcome evaluation in clinical trials.

Kinematic analysis of the upper extremity after stroke – how far have we reached and what have we grasped?

Abstract

Background:

Consequences of stroke frequently comprise reduced movement ability of the upper extremity (UE) and subsequent long-term disability. Clinical scales are used to monitor and evaluate rehabilitation but are often insufficient, while technological advances in 3D motion capture provide detailed kinematics to more objectively quantify and interpret movement deficits.

Objectives:

To provide a comprehensive overview of research using kinematic movement analysis of the UE in individuals post-stroke with focus on objectives, methodology and findings while highlighting clinical implications and future directions.

Major Findings:

A literature search yielded 93 studies categorised into four groups: comparative (healthy, stroke, task condition), intervention (clinical trials), methodological and longitudinal. The majority of studies used optoelectronic systems, investigated discrete reaching and involved mainly individuals with moderate or mild stroke impairment in chronic stage. About 80% of the studies were published after year 2004. Speed-related variables were most frequently addressed followed by smoothness indicators, joint angles and trunk displacement. Movements in the hemiparetic side are generally slower, less smooth and show a compensatory movement pattern. Task specificity is crucial for kinematic outcomes. Tables summarising the main characteristics, objectives and results of all included studies are provided.

Conclusions:

There is still a lack of studies addressing reliability and responsiveness and involving more complex, everyday UE tasks with ecological validity. To facilitate the use of UE kinematic movement analysis in clinics, a research-based simpler data handling with pre-defined output for the results, as commonly used in gait analysis, is warranted.     

踝臂指数对2型糖尿病患者冠状动脉病变程度的预测价值

【目的】评价2型糖尿病患者踝臂指数（ABI）对冠脉病变程度的预测价值。【方法】选择本院2型糖尿病患者208例,依ABI水平分为A组（ABI＜0．9,106例）与B组（ABI≥0．9,102例）,比较两组患者冠脉病变严重程度及主要心脏不良事件（MACE）发生率。【结果】A组的冠脉严重（三支）病变患者及MACE发生率明显多于B组（ P ＜0．01）。ABI值与冠状动脉病变数量呈显著负相关（ r ＝－0．627,P ＜0．01）。在调整了临床资料及血糖等影响因素后,ABI＜0．9在糖尿病受试人群中预测冠状严重（三支）的敏感性为66．7％,特异性为92．5％,准确度为90．5％（OR值17．171,95％可信区间分别为：4．069～22．456,P＜0．01）。评价ABI对冠状严重（三支）病变预测价值的ROC曲线下面积为（0．825±0．42）,95％可信区间为（0．743～0．907）（ P ＜0．01）,其中以ABI＝0．84为最佳预测临界点（敏度为67％,特异度为93％,Youden指数最高为0．601）。【结论】ABI作为下肢动脉粥样硬化无创监测手段,对2型糖尿病患者冠脉病变程度有一定预测价值,可用于识别冠心病高危患者。     

彩色多普勒超声评价PICC上肢静脉血栓

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声检查在评价经外周置人中心静脉导管( PICC)患者发生上肢静脉血栓中的应用价值.方法:对2010年2月-2012年1月期间留置PICC并出现上肢症状的89例患者进行上肢静脉彩色多普勒超声检查,分析声像图特点.结果:89例留置PICC患者中56例(62.9％)的导管位于右上肢,33例(37.1％)位于左上肢.10例(11.2％)患者发生导管相关性上肢静脉血栓,6例位于右侧,4例位于左侧.其中男性7例,恶性血液病3例,肺部恶性肿瘤2例,腹部恶性肿瘤1例,重症肺炎1例;女性3例,均为乳腺肿瘤患者.结论:彩色多普勒超声能方便、快捷、无创地评价留置PICC患者上肢静脉血栓的发生,值得推广.     

Measuring Spasticity and Fine Motor Control (Pinch) Change in the Hand After Botulinum Toxin-A Injection Using Dynamic Computerized Hand Dynamometry

ObjectivesTo evaluate change in fine motor hand performance and to investigate the relationship between existing clinical measures and dynamic computerized dynamometry (DCD) after botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A) injections for adults with upper limb spasticity.DesignPretest/posttest clinical intervention study.SettingHospital outpatient spasticity clinics.ParticipantsA convenience sample of adults (N=28; mean age, 51y) with upper limb spasticity after acquired brain injury.InterventionsBTX-A injections for upper limb spasticity management.Main Outcome MeasuresDCD protocol using a piezoelectric pinch meter (termed DCD[pinch]); current clinical upper limb measures: Modified Ashworth Scale, Tardieu Scale, Action Research Arm Test, Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire, and Goal Attainment Scale.ResultsBTX-A produced a significant change on DCD(pinch) and some current clinical measures, with correlations observed between DCD(pinch) and current clinical measures.ConclusionsDCD(pinch) sensitively and objectively assessed the effects of BTX-A on upper limb spasticity during a simulated functionally based pinch and release task.     

Magnetic resonance imaging of the extremities. A critical appraisal of utilization by an orthopaedic service

Summary Objective: To assess the utilization of MRI by the orthopaedic department of a University Teaching Hospital for the investigation of musculoskeletal conditions affecting the extremities.Design: During a 12 month period, all patients referred for MRI of an extremity were enrolled in the study. Clinical details of presentation, surgical management and outcome were prospectively recorded.Patients: 91 patients were included with a mean age of 35 years. The following anatomical areas were scanned; knee (48), shoulder (31), hip (3), soft tissues (6), brachial plexus (2), wrist (1).Results: A significant finding was reported in 56 patients (62%) and surgery was undertaken in 42. With regard to MRI of the knee the sensitivity of the investigation was 95%. Four patients were referred inappropriately for the investigation.Conclusions: Selective referral for MRI for the investigation of the injured knee represents an appropriate use of this scarce resource. It allows arthroscopy to be targetted to those patients in whom the procedure will be therapeutic. Unnecessary diagnostic knee arthroscopy can and should be avoided. The study supports increased orthopaedic access to MRI for non spinal conditions in the future.     

综合康复治疗对急性脑血管病肢体功能的影响

采用肌电生物反馈及经皮神经电刺激疗法，配合肢体被动功能训练，对６８例急性脑血管病者进行早期康复干预，采用Ｂｒｕｎｎｓｔｒｏｍ法，Ｌｅｖｅｅｔ肌力６级法，关节活动范围等进行肢体功能综合评定。结果发现患者肢体运动功能明显改善，总有效率分别为９０％和６１．１％，两者间有显著差异（Ｐ〈０．０１）。说明早期健康干预对急性脑血管病体肢运动功能的恢复有相当重要的作用，治病效果与治疗开始时间，治疗技术，病人的意识