人发角蛋白人工腱肌肉植入的组织相容性观察

为了研究人发角蛋白人工腱（human hair keratin artifical tendon,HHKAT）材料在体内的降解及其对周围组织的影响，将12只日本大耳白兔随机分组，在脊旁肌埋藏不同处理程度的人发角蛋白人工腱度件F及Z，用正常人发O做对照，分别在2，6，12，24周取材，观察人发角蛋白的降解及其周围的组织反应，结果：实验中发现不同程度处理的HHKAT其降解速度不同，其中降解最快的F组在24周时已完全吸收，而Z组在24周时只有部分降解，O组未见降解，HHKAT及人发在肌肉组织内无明显的炎症排斥反应，随着HHKAT材料的降解吸收，其周围的组织反应逐渐降低，研究表明人发角蛋白人腱材料具有良好的生物相容性，在体内能够被降解吸收，可根据不同的需要调节其降解速度，是良好肌腱替代材料。     

中西医结合并联合清筋术治疗糖尿病足筋疽的疗效观察

目的:探讨中西医结合并联合清筋术治疗糖尿病足筋疽的临床疗效。方法:将64例患者根据溃疡程度分级后再随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组32例。治疗组在西药基础治疗上,联合中药以及清筋术治疗;对照组在西药基础治疗上,必要时加用清创术,即脓肿切开引流。疗程均为2个月。分别观察治疗组和对照组症状、体征和实验室指标,并进行统计学分析。结果:临床总有效率治疗组为96.9%,对照组为87.5%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组治疗后空腹血糖、白细胞计数以及超敏-C反应蛋白水平均较治疗前降低(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组空腹血糖、白细胞计数以及超敏-C反应蛋白水平与对照组相比,亦有明显降低(P0.05)。结论:中西医结合并联合清筋术治疗糖尿病足筋疽,可以较好地控制炎症反应以及血糖水平,提高治愈率,降低截肢率。     

跟腱解剖学观察及其超声诊断的意义

目的为临床超声诊断提供解剖学依据。方法直观观察成人６８例跟腱标本的一般解剖；超声观测６０人次跟腱的正常超声图像。结果①跟腱下段外侧份主要由呈螺旋走行的腓肠肌腱纤维构成，内侧份由斜向走行的比目鱼肌腱纤维构成。②超声图像显示跟腱呈均质性较强回声。③超声测量跟腱横截面积以中点处最小，男６８．３ｍｍ２±１７．３ｍｍ２，女５４．６ｍｍ２±１１．６ｍｍ２。结论跟腱部分断裂易发生于内侧，急性跟腱断裂以中点处常见；超声检查有利于跟腱部分断裂及家族性高胆固醇血症的诊断。     

自体腘绳肌腱与同种异体肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带的临床疗效分析

目的探讨关节镜下同种异体胫前肌腱与自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带（ACL）的临床疗效.方法选择2008年12月至2010年8月昆明医学院第一附属医院骨科膝关节前交叉韧带重建患者46例,其中男27例,女19例,分为A组：自体肌腱移植重建25例,B组：同种异体肌腱移植重建21例.术后进行临床体检及前/后抽屉试验、Lachman试验、膝关节应力X线片、髌骨轴位片及MRI等相关检查,Lysholm评分,IKDC评分,AKS评分.术后随访4～24个月,平均12.4个月.结果两组病例术后Lysholm评分,IKDC评分,AKS评分测试结果差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.结论同种异体与自体肌腱重建ACL的疗效相近,是重建ACL良好的移植物之一.     

Arthroscopic Intra‐Articular Repair of the Torn Subscapularis Tendon with Single Anterior Portal,Single Suture Anchor,and X‐Shaped Fixation Technique

Subscapular tendon plays an important role in shoulder joint function. With the advance of magnetic resonance imaging technology and the popularization of arthroscopic shoulder surgery, subscapularis tears have been increasingly detected. However, reduction and fixation of subscapular tendon tears appears to be technically challenging. This study aims to describe an arthroscopic intra‐articular X‐shaped fixation technique: a procedure of subscapularis tendon repair performed with the aid of a suture passer using only a single anterior portal and a single suture anchor. By incorporating the advantages of a single anterior working portal for anchor placement and tear repair, this technique provides an easier way to use suture lasso and make knots in a limited working space, and the whole procedure is minimally invasive with a short learning curve. This technique has been applied in patients with subscapularis tears involving no intraoperative or postoperative complications. Our technology offers a valuable new treatment option for subscapularis tears.     

Les accidents musculo-squelettiques avec les consoles vidéos de nouvelle génération. À propos d’un cas et revue de la littérature

The rise of next generation consoles game, with their share of sport simulations, has caused appearance of new sport injuries. We present a case of a traumatic rupture of the calcaneal tendon, after a game of virtual sport. It concerned a non-athletic 40-year-old woman. The surgery was performed with a very good long-term result. Literature review demonstrated the extent of these pathologies, with a prevalence of musculoskeletal troubles.     

Achilles tendon problems: Not just an orthopaedic issue

Purpose. To review the current concepts on Achilles tendon involvement in various pathological conditions.

Method. A literature search was conducted to trace relevant literature on Achilles tendon problems in general pathologies.

Results. The Achilles tendon can be involved in inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, genetically determined collagen abnormalities, infectious diseases, tumours, and neurological conditions which are not of a primary surgical nature.

Conclusions. Although Achilles tendon problems are classically considered frequent in active individuals from overuse or a single acute episode, problems in the Achilles tendon can be a consequence of several conditions.     

Conservative,open or percutaneous repair for acute rupture of the Achilles tendon

Purpose. To review the complications and recovery of patients with Achilles tendon rupture managed by percutaneous repair, open repair, and non-operative means in a tertiary referral centre between 2001 and 2003.

Methods. The operating theatre register and logbooks of the Consultants were used to identify surgically managed patients, while plaster room records were used for conservatively managed patients. We collated demographic and management details.

Results. The number of plaster changes (p < 0.001), median length of time in cast (p < 0.001), and number of outpatient visits (p < 0.05) was greater in conservatively managed patients. We performed no formal statistical analysis given the small numbers. Conservative management was the least expensive and open surgery the most costly modality of management. Percutaneous surgery was approximately a third of the cost of open surgery when performed under local anaesthetic.

Conclusion. In our setting, percutaneous repair and conservative management are viable alternatives to open surgery, which carries higher complications rates and was the most costly of the three. Individual patients will have different needs due to their age, occupation, or level of sporting activity.     

Approach and treatment of the adult acquired flatfoot deformity

Adult acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD), embraces a wide spectrum of deformities. AAFD is a complex pathology consisting both of posterior tibial tendon insufficiency and failure of the capsular and ligamentous structures of the foot. Each patient presents with characteristic deformities across the involved joints, requiring individualized treatment. Early stages may respond well to aggressive conservative management, yet more severe AAFD necessitates prompt surgical therapy to halt the progression of the disease to stages requiring more complex procedures. We present the most current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to AAFD, based on the most pertinent literature and our own experience and investigations.     

Sclerosing injections to treat midportion Achilles tendinosis: a randomised controlled study evaluating two different concentrations of Polidocanol

Two to three ultrasound (US) and colour Doppler (CD)-guided injections of the sclerosing substance Polidocanol (5 mg/ml) have been demonstrated to give good clinical results in patients with chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy. This study aimed to investigate if a higher concentration of Polidocanol (10 mg/ml) would lead to a less number of treatments, and lower volumes, needed for good clinical results. Fifty-two consecutive Achilles tendons (48 patients, mean age 49.6 years) with chronic painful midportion Achilles tendinopathy, were randomised to treatment with Polidocanol 5 mg/ml (group A) or 10 mg/ml (group B). The patients and treating physician were blinded to the concentration of Polidocanol injected. All patients had structural tendon changes and neovascularisation in the Achilles midportion. Treatment was US + CD-guided injections targeting the region with neovascularisation (outside ventral tendon). A maximum of three treatments (6-8 weeks in between) were given before evaluation. Patients not satisfied after three treatments were given additional treatment with Polidocanol 10 mg/ml, up to five treatments. For evaluation, the patients recorded the severity of Achilles tendon pain during activity on a visual analogue scale (VAS), before and after treatment. Patient satisfaction with treatment was also assessed. At follow-up (mean 14 months) after three treatments, 18/26 patients in group A and 19/26 patients in group B were satisfied with the treatment and had a significantly reduced level of tendon pain (P < 0.05). After completion of the study, additional treatments with Polidocanol 10 mg/ml in the not satisfied patients resulted in 26/26 satisfied patients in both groups A and B. In summary, we found no significant differences in the number of satisfied patients, number of injections or volumes given, between patients treated with 5 or 10 mg/ml Polidocanol.