Real-time identification and archiving of micro-embolic Doppler signals using a knowledge-based DSP system

Identification of micro-emboli in the cerebral circulation using transcranial Doppler ultrasound provides valuable clinical information, but, currently, embolic signal detection and analysis are significantly limited because they mainly rely on costly off-line analysis by human experts. In this study, a reliable, high-resolution, real-time automated system for the detection and archiving of embolic signals was designed and implemented using expert system theory and modern DSP technology. Preliminary tests were conducted to evaluate the functions and the performance of the system using data from ten carotid endarterectomy patients and two normal volunteers. Using the widely accepted 7 dB threshold for human reliability and a human expert, majority-decision gold standard, the real-time system reached sensitivity and specificity of 93.6% and 99.3%, respectively, which were close to the results obtained by three human experts under ideal laboratory conditions (90.1% and 99.8%, 98.4% and 99.9%, 98.9 and 99.9%). The new system has the potential to be used either as a bedside monitoring and signal acquisition device, or as a laboratory investigation tool.     

Discrepancies Between Australian Eating Disorder Clinicians and Consumers Regarding Essential Components of Dietetic Treatment

BackgroundA recent Delphi study indicated that, compared with eating disorder (ED) consumers and carers, ED specialists were less likely to endorse involvement of a dietitian as a standard component of treatment. In addition, there was disagreement between these groups regarding the inclusion of a number of components of dietetic treatment.ObjectiveThis study aimed to further investigate these data to identify areas of disagreement among ED specialist dietitians, ED specialist non–dietetic clinicians, consumers, and carers with regard to outpatient dietetic treatment.Design and participants/settingThe ED specialists panel from a previous Delphi study was recoded into 2 panels: ED specialist dietitians (n = 31) and ED specialist non–dietetic clinicians (n = 48) to compare responses of these panels with responses from consumers (n = 32) and carers (n = 23).Main outcome measuresStatements in 7 categories relating to referral to dietitian, essential components of outpatient dietetic treatment regarding 4 ED patient populations, strategies to promote multidisciplinary collaboration, and skills dietitians should possess if treating patients with an ED were rated on a 5-point Likert scale.Statistical analysis performedOne-way analysis of variance was conducted with post-hoc multiple comparisons to compare mean statement ratings.ResultsThirty-seven statements (30%) showed statistically significant differences (P < .05) in responses between panels. Discrepancies were primarily observed for statements regarding how and when dietetics is included in treatment and essential components of dietetic treatment, particularly the use of behavioral tasks, such meal plans and self-monitoring. Results also highlighted deficits in participants’ understanding of core responsibilities of dietitians in ED treatment and dietitians “drifting” from delivering evidence-based components of dietetic treatment.ConclusionsResults of this study show discrepancies among ED dietitians, clinicians, consumers, and carers regarding what dietetic treatment for people with EDs should encompass. It also indicates the need for further research into optimizing dietetic treatment for EDs that is conducted in collaboration with individuals with lived experience.     

不同时期在押罪犯司法精神病学鉴定案例的对比分析

目的 探讨近年来在押犯罪司法精神病学鉴定的特点和发展趋势。方法 对1994年后经该院鉴定的87例与1993年前鉴定的33例在押罪犯案例进行对比分析。结果 1994年后组在押罪犯鉴定的案例明显增加（P＜0．01）。服刑能力的鉴定,1994年后组较多（P＜0．01）,服教能力的鉴定,1993年前组较多（P＜0．05）。1994年后组经济类案件有上升趋势（P＜0．05）,诊断为精神分裂症的有明显下降（P＜0．01）,诊断为拘禁性精神障碍的有明显上升（P＜0．05）。结论 在押罪犯司法精神病学鉴定已成为司法精神病学鉴定的重要组成部分,对其法定能力的评定需进一步入研究。     

外科常见腹腔感染多学科诊治专家共识

腹腔感染是临床常见的急危重症之一,其诊治涉及外科、重症医学、感染、检验、临床药学等多个学科,包括局部病灶处置、病原学检测、抗菌药物合理应用及因感染导致的全身各系统异常状况纠正等过程,具有特殊性及复杂性。本共识参考国内外最新进展并结合临床经验,以问题为导向,以循证为基础,对急性阑尾炎、上消化道穿孔、下消化道穿孔、急性胆道感染、肝脓肿、重症急性胰腺炎、胰瘘、胆瘘、吻合口瘘、内镜诊治后消化道穿孔等外科常见腹腔感染的诊断、病原学检测、外科及抗菌药物治疗等临床热点问题进行评述,并根据证据等级提出诊治相关的推荐意见,旨在规范外科常见腹腔感染的诊疗行为,在临床决策、抗菌药物应用等方面为临床医师提供参考及指导,以提高诊治水平并改善患者预后。     

Documento de consenso de la Sociedad Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación (SEDAR), Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI) y Sociedad Española de Medicina de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES) para la definición de competencias mínimas de ecografía en Cuidados Intensivos y Urgencias y la obtención del Diploma acreditativo

The use of ultrasound as a clinical diagnostic tool and guide of bedside procedures has become an indispensable examination in the acute critically ill patient. The training of professionals in minimum skills of knowledge, management and indications of use of ultrasound required to be defined by the Scientific Societies. The Intensive Care Ultrasound Working Group of the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (SEDAR), of the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI) and the Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine (SEMES) has developed this consensus document in which the recommended training program and the minimum competencies to be achieved with regard to the use of Ultrasound in Intensive Care, Anesthesia and Emergency medicine are defined.This document defines the training program and the skills to acquire in order to achieve the diploma in lung, abdominal and vascular ultrasound. This document can serve as a guide to define the skills to be acquired in the training programs of residents (MIRs) of specialists working in intensive care, anesthesia, and emergency medicine.     

《中西医结合防治小儿腹泻病专家共识》解读

小儿腹泻病是儿童消化系统最常见的疾病,2022年中国中西医结合学会儿科专业委员会制定了《中西医结合防治小儿腹泻病专家共识》。现结合临床实践及最新的研究结果,对《中西医结合防治小儿腹泻病专家共识》中小儿腹泻病的发病机制、诊断和治疗中的重点内容进行解读,以期加深医务工作者对《中西医结合防治小儿腹泻病专家共识》的认识,促进中西医结合规范化治疗小儿腹泻病。     

肉芽肿性小叶性乳腺炎诊治湖南专家共识（2021版）

肉芽肿性小叶性乳腺炎（GLM）是一种临床上较少见的乳腺慢性炎性疾病,近几年发病率有明显上升趋势。但由于其病因不明、临床医师对该病认识不足,从而导致目前对该病的误诊率较高,特别是治疗不规范、效果欠佳,且病情易反复发作致迁延不愈,俗称“炎症中的癌症”。为此,湖南省健康管理学会乳腺甲状腺健康管理专业委员会、湖南省医学会普通外科学专业委员会乳腺甲状腺外科学组、湖南省预防医学会乳腺疾病防治专业委员会、湖南省中医药和中西结合学会外科专业委员会、湖南乳甲外科联盟5个学术机构,联合省内从事该领域相关专家,就GLM诊治相关内容,多次在线上和线下进行充分研讨,力求不断完善,基本达成共识,共同制定《肉芽肿性小叶性乳腺炎诊治湖南专家共识（2021版）》。     

肝细胞癌合并胆管癌栓多学科诊治中国专家共识(2020版)

肝细胞癌合并胆管癌栓是肝癌的一种特殊类型,发生率为0.5%~2.5%,疾病进展快、预后差,目前国内外尚无相关的诊断与治疗共识,造成该疾病的治疗极不规范。中国医师协会肝癌专业委员会基于国内外本领域研究获得的循证医学证据,并结合我国临床实践,制订《肝细胞癌合并胆管癌栓多学科诊治中国专家共识(2020版)》。该共识针对肝细胞癌合并胆管癌栓的临床表现、诊断及分型、外科治疗、辅助治疗以及其他局部、区域性和系统性治疗进行系统阐述,旨在规范、普及和提高对肝细胞癌合并胆管癌栓的诊断和多学科治疗水平,改善该疾病总体预后。     

肌肉骨骼慢性疼痛诊治专家共识

肌肉骨骼系统慢性疼痛是临床最常见的慢性疼痛。随着人口老龄化,慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛的总体负担将继续加重,对安全有效的疼痛管理的需求也将日益增加。由于文化、经济和监管因素不同,国际指南可能不完全适合中国病人。可用的国内指南大多只针对于药物治疗,且没有阐述中医药在肌肉骨骼系统慢性疼痛诊治中的重要作用。为了制定慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛的中西医结合专家共识,我们召开会议回顾并讨论近期循证医学证据、临床经验和我们目前面临的实践挑战,为慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛的全面评估和管理提供了建议。这些共识建议不是指令性的,而是作为临床实践决策的指南,慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛的最佳治疗方案应该是个性化的。     

原因不明的长期发热常见疾病鉴别诊断专家系统

本文报告用模糊数学和概率统计评分法模拟人的思维建立原因不明的长期发热常见疾病鉴别诊断专家系统，用ＦＯＸＢＡＳＥ＋语言编程并在微型电子计算机上实现，回顾性检测正确率９４．４％，用２５０例确诊病例验证诊断正确率为９０．３％，与专家诊断比较符合率＞８７％。