Similarities and mutual understanding: exchange experiences in Malawi for host and guest students

Background:  A Malawian nursing college and a Norwegian university college have agreed to cooperate in facilitating clinical exchanges for nursing students at their respective institutions. This study describes the experiences of students in an innovative exchange. Norwegian and Malawian nursing students shared clinical placement in pairs of two in Malawi for 8 weeks. This study shows that both host and guest students benefit from the clinical placement as it enhances development of clinical competence.
Methods:  The design of the study is phenomenological/hermeneutical. The theoretical foundation is based upon Campinha-Bacote's model for the development of cultural competence.
All participating nursing students were interviewed. Their stories provided the rationale for the three main categories that are discussed.
Findings:  Students experience both similarities and differences in practice, but similarities are regarded as the stronger impression. Learning relational skills is the primary learning outcome, but learning how to nurse patients is also an important outcome. During the exchange period all students developed cultural competence. This way of organizing shared placements for guest and host students from different countries is valuable for all students. It also met the curricular demands in both countries.     

The Role of Religion and Spirituality in Recovery from Drink Problems: A Qualititative Study of Alcoholics Anonymous Members and South Asian Men

Aim: The purpose of this study was to explore the spiritual aspect of recovery for people with drink problems through carrying out a comparative analysis of South Asian men recovering from drink problems and White members of AA. Method: In-depth semi-structured interviews were carried out with participants to explore significant factors that assisted recovery. Interviews were analysed using grounded theory. Participants: Ten participants in total were interviewed, five were South Asian men receiving individual and/or group counselling with South Asian therapists either in an NHS or non-statutory specialist alcohol treatment service, five were white members of AA. Findings and Conclusions: Models of recovery for the two groups were developed and are presented. Spirituality and religion played an important role in the experiences of recovery described by AA and South Asian participants respectively. For AA participants their experiences reflected those described in AA's Big Book although concepts such as that of a Higher Power were complex and multi-layered, with spirituality just one, albeit significant, aspect. South Asian participants generally underwent a re-affirmation of existing beliefs rather than the conversion type of experience described by AA participants. The findings are discussed in relation to implications for service delivery and development and directions for future research.     

Patient empowerment in intensive care—An interview study

Intensive care patients often experience a lack of control, as well as inner chaos. Experiences from intensive care can continue to affect patients for a long time. Empowerment is a positive and dynamic process that focuses on people's strengths, rights and abilities. It takes on different expressions for different people in different environments and must be described by the people involved. The aim of this study was to describe patient empowerment in an intensive care situation. The study was based on open-ended interviews with 11 patients in two intensive care units. The interviews were analysed according to the empirical phenomenological psychological method. The results showed that patient empowerment in intensive care consists of strengthening and stimulating the patients' own inherent joy of life and will to fight. A positive environment that encouraged feelings of value and motivation and in which the patient felt safe, received additional care and participated as he/she wished had a positive influence.     

Implications of coping repertoire as predictors of men's stress,anxiety and depression following pregnancy,childbirth and miscarriage: a longitudinal study

The long-term implication of how men cope during a partner's pregnancy, at childbirth or following miscarriage has not received attention. This study aims to examine if men's coping response during pregnancy, at childbirth, or miscarriage predict psychological outcomes at the time of childbirth/miscarriage or 1 year later, and to establish whether there are any changes in men's coping repertoire. Utilizing a longitudinal design, 384 volunteer expectant fathers, participated by completing measures of stress, anxiety, depression and coping during their partner's pregnancy, following childbirth or miscarriage, and 1 year later. Findings indicated, at the time of childbirth/miscarriage, increases on all psychological outcomes compared to during the pregnancy, which then decreased at 1-year. During pregnancy, men relied more on approach-orientated coping, changing at pregnancy outcome to avoidant-orientated strategies. Regression revealed the best predictor of psychological outcome, in the long-term, was coping response at pregnancy outcome. However each psychological outcome had its own predictive path, varying depending on pregnancy outcome; supporting the concept that coping responses are situationally specific, changing depending on the event examined. How men cope with each aspect of their reproductive experiences may have implications for the provision of support they offer their partner, and the support they themselves need.     

崩漏治验3例

3例崩漏治疗经验。     

15条目社区心理体验评估阳性分量表中文版测评高中生的效度和信度

目的:考察15条目社区心理体验评估阳性分量表(CAPE-P15)中文版在高中生中的效度和信度。方法:对2054名高中生进行CAPE-P15中文版施测,其中800人完成精神病前驱期问卷(PQ-16),121人在2周内完成重测(间隔7~14 d)。结果:探索性因子分析发现,被害意念、怪异体验、感知异常3因子结构拟合最优(χ²=257.79,df=63, TLI=0.973,CFI=0.955,SRMR=0.023,RMSEA=0.050);验证性因子分析证实该模型拟合良好(χ2=229.58,df=87,TLI=0.949,CFI=0.938,SRMR=0.038,RMSEA=0.045);CAPE-P15显示严格的跨性别测量的等值性(ΔCFI<0.01,ΔTLI<0.01);CAPE-P15总量表及3个因子的频率得分与痛苦程度得分均呈正相关(r=0.88~0.92,均P<0.001);CAPE-P15频率总分与PQ-16的条目总分及痛苦程度总分均呈正相关(r=0.62、0.68,均P<0.001)。总量表及3个因子的Cronbach α系数为0.73~0.91,重测信度(ICC)为0.71~0.86。结论:社区心理体验评估阳性分量表(CAPE-P15)中文版在高中生中有良好的效度和信度,可用于高中生精神病样体验的评估。     

50例手术患者的成人依恋类型分析

目的：探讨生病住院必须进行手术时患者的依恋方式的特点。方法：采用两种常用的成人依恋量表——关系问卷（RQ）和亲密关系经历量表（ECR），对住院接受非肠道手术的50名患者进行依恋类型的测量。结果：接受手术患者的依恋类型的分布为：安全型18人（占36％），轻视型20人（占40％），矛盾型6人（12％），害怕型6人（12％）；ECR中的依恋焦虑与用RQ测量的自我模型的得分有显著的负相关（P〈0．01），而依恋回避则与RQ测量的自我模型和他人模型的得分都存在显著的负相关（P〈0．05）；在依恋焦虑维度上，安全型与轻视型没有差异，但两者都与矛盾型和害怕型有显著差异。而在依恋回避维度上，害怕型得分显著高于其他类型，矛盾型次之，安全型和轻视型最低。结论：接受手术的患者的依恋类型与大学生的样本不同，通过两种量表测量的患者的依恋方式有较强的相关。