术中超声造影在脑胶质瘤中的应用及预后的研究进展

目的胶质瘤是常见的颅内肿瘤,而手术切除是最常用的治疗方法,手术能否完整切除,尽量减少残余并进行有效评估对胶质瘤的预后有着重要的影响。随着新型造影剂和超声造影技术的不断快速发展,超声造影以其独特的优势在脑胶质瘤手术中的应用前景非常广阔。     

家族性多原发癌3例临床分析

目的分析多原发癌(MPC)在家族遗传方面的因素,以提高对多原发癌的诊治及预防。方法结合国内外相关文献,对一家族(无近亲结婚)三代中癌症患者的临床资料进行分析。结果该家族三代中7例为癌症患者,男性2例,女性5例,年龄39～78岁,平均55岁,其中3例女性发生异时性MPC,每次相隔3～5年。大肠癌4例(57%);子宫癌5例(71%);膀胱癌、肺癌各1例(14%)。该家族中MPC患者占总家族患癌成员的43%(3/7)。结论该家族中MPC患者5年生存率较各单发恶性肿瘤者高。了解患者的家族病史,早期诊断,可显著延长患者生存期。     

金属硫蛋白与乳腺癌预后的关系

为探讨金属硫蛋白与乳腺癌转移和预后的关系,应用免疫组织化学ＳＡＢＣ法检测了乳腺癌及乳腺纤维腺瘤中ＭＴ的表达。结果;ＭＴ在乳腺癌,乳腺纤维腺瘤中的表达阳性率分别为７３．８％和１５．０％,两者的差异有显著性意义。ＭＴ在乳腺癌中的表达随临床分期的升高而增加。ＭＴ在肿瘤中的表达与手术时腋淋巴结转移无相关性,但在腋淋巴结有转移的肿瘤其ＭＴ表达阳性者死亡率高于表达阴性者。     

结直肠癌预后因素的COX回归分析

目的　确定结直肠癌患者有效的预后参数及最佳预后指标。方法　对８３ 例不同分期的结直肠癌肿瘤转移抑制基因Ｎｍ２３ 的表达、巨噬细胞的浸润、人类白细胞抗原ＨＬＡＤＲ 的表达、肿瘤的浸润深度、Ｄｕｋｅｓ分期及其它临床指标进行单因素和多因素ＣＯＸ回归分析。结果　单因素分析得出的有关预后因素中,经多因素分析只有Ｄｕｋｅｓ 分期一项进入ＣＯＸ 模型。结论　Ｄｕｋｅｓ 分期是结直肠癌患者最重要和最佳的预后指标。     

乳腺癌磁共振动态增强及DWI表现与生物学预后因子的相关性研究

目的:分析乳腺癌形态学特征、MRI动态增强扫描参数、ADC值与生物学预后因子的相关性,探讨MRI检查术前评估乳腺癌预后的可行性。方法:51例患者共52个病灶。观察病灶的形态学特征、时间-信号强度曲线、早期强化率、ADC值,采用Spearman等级相关法分析乳腺癌MRI表现与生物学预后因子的相关性。结果:乳腺癌MRI表现中的环形强化与Ki-67阳性表达程度呈正相关(r=0.276);TIC类型与PR阳性表达程度呈负相关(r=-0.295);早期强化率与C-erbB-2阳性表达程度呈正相关(r=0.273)。结论:动态增强扫描不仅在乳腺癌定性诊断中起重要作用,还可以间接预测乳腺癌的预后,为临床治疗方案的选择提供参考。     

急性重型颅脑损伤的预后评估与手术方法选择

 为探讨急性重型颅脑损伤病人的预后评估因素,讨论了7项相关因素,对预后均有一定意义,应将多种因素综合分析.发现中脑及中脑周围池的改变意义最大,并提出了手术指征:(1)幕上血肿>30 ml、幕下>10 ml;(2)有脑疝征;(3)意识清,但中线移位>10 mm,侧脑室受压.     

Noncalcified atherosclerotic lesions with vulnerable characteristics detected by coronary CT angiography and future coronary events

BackgroundThe ability of coronary CT angiography (CTA) findings such as plaque characteristics to predict future coronary events remains controversial.ObjectiveWe investigated whether noncalcified atherosclerotic lesions (NCALs) detected by coronary CTA were predictive of future coronary events.MethodsA total of 511 patients who underwent coronary CTA were followed for cardiovascular events over a period of 3.3 ± 1.2 years. The primary end point was defined as hard events, including cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or unstable angina that required urgent hospitalization. Early elective coronary revascularizations (n = 58) were excluded. The relationship between features of NCALs and outcomes is described.ResultsA total of 15 hard events (2 cardiac deaths, 7 myocardial infarctions, 6 cases of unstable angina that required urgent hospitalization) were documented in the remaining 453 patients with modest risks during a follow-up period of 3.3 ± 1.2 years. For these hard events, a univariate Cox proportional hazard model showed that the hazard ratio for the presence of >50% stenosis was 7.27 (95% CI, 2.62–21.7; P = .0002). Although the presence of NCAL by itself was not statistically significant, NCALs with low attenuation and positive remodeling (low-attenuation plaque [LAP] and positive remodeling [PR]; plaque CT number ≤34 HU and remodeling index ≥1.20) showed an adjusted hazard ratio of 11.2 (95% CI, 3.71–36.7; P < .0001). With C-statistics analysis, when both LAP and PR and >50% stenosis were added, the C-statistic was significantly improved compared with the basal model adjusted for age, sex, and log₂ (Agatston score +1) (0.900 vs 0.704; P = .0018).ConclusionsIdentification of NCALs with LAP and PR characteristics by coronary CTA provides additional prognostic information to coronary stenosis for the prediction of future coronary events.