毛发红糠疹病因及发病机制的研究进展

毛发红糠疹是一种少见的慢性鳞屑性角化性炎症性皮肤病,以黄红色鳞屑性斑片和角化性毛囊性丘疹为特征。尽管毛发红糠疹确切的病因和发病机制还不明确,但近几年的研究表明遗传因素、角化障碍、维生素缺乏、肿瘤、感染、药物等与其发病关系密切。     

2012年保定市手足口病病原学特征分析

目的通过对手足口病病例进行病原检测,研究保定市手足口病病原分布情况,为手足口病预防控制提供依据。方法采用荧光RT-PCR法对收集的手足口病病例咽拭子标本进行特异性核酸检测。结果保定市手足口病病原体有肠道病毒71型（Enterovirus 71,EV 71）、柯萨奇病毒A组16型（Coxakivirus A16,Co A16）及其他肠道病毒（other enteroviruses,EV）。发病以4岁以下儿童为主。全年均有病例分布,以5-8月为高峰。样品采集时间以3 d内为好,病毒检出率高。结论引起手足口病的病原以EV7 1病毒、Co A16病毒为主,手足口病防控应以4岁以下儿童为主,在5-8月加强监测和预防控制工作。     

急诊内科的昏迷患者发病原因分析及处理措施

目的分析急诊内科的昏迷患者的病因及处理措施。方法回顾性分析我院106例急诊内科患者临床资料,总结诊断及处理措施。结果 106例患者以脑血栓、脑出血、急性有机磷农药中毒及药物中毒为主,总计占比64.2%,12h内诊断正确率为81.1%,24 h内诊断正确104例,正确率为98.1%,2例急性胰腺炎患者待细菌培养结果后确诊。共9例患者死亡,其中突发性脑血栓4例,大面积脑出血2例,急性有机磷农药中毒1例,药物中毒1例,心功能衰竭1例,死亡9例患者的GCS评分显著低于治愈或好转患者,χ2=20.418,P〈0.001。结论尽早对昏迷病因准确诊断及对症治疗是提高急诊内科昏迷患者预后的关键。     

健康人中Ⅰ度及Ⅱ度一型房室传导阻滞的病因及临床特点分析

目的研究健康人中Ⅰ度及Ⅱ度一型房室传导阻滞的病因、临床特点及预后。方法对2000~2011年常规心电图发现Ⅰ度及Ⅱ度一型房室传导阻滞、并经各项临床检查证实无器质性心脏病且年龄小于35岁者进行前瞻性研究,研究包括临床症状、心电图特点、房室结电生理特性,并对其中部分病例进行了随访。结果①共40例(男性28例,女性12例;年龄9~35岁,平均年龄26.2±7.9岁)进入本研究,其中仅表现为Ⅰ度房室传导阻滞者14例,兼有Ⅰ度及Ⅱ度文氏型房室传导阻滞者26例;房室传导阻滞均为间歇性发作。②28例无与房室传导阻滞相关的临床症状;12例有发作性胸闷,其中2例胸闷时心电图为PR过长(0.28 s),7例为Ⅱ度文氏型房室传导阻滞(其中6例伴窦缓),另3例未发现与胸闷相关的心电图异常。③38例进行了房室传导功能检查:38例基础状况下房室前传功能减退,使用阿托品后36例完全恢复正常,1例出现2∶1房室阻滞;38例中24例出现房室结双径路传导现象。④对25例进行3~10年的随访观察,未见有临床症状及房室传导阻滞加重的倾向。结论 25例的长期随访说明健康人Ⅰ度及Ⅱ度一型房室阻滞的预后良好。     

Epigastric hernia and its etiology

Abstract Background. Controversies still prevail as to how exactly epigastric hernia occurs. Both the vascular lacunae hypothesis and the tendinous fibre decussation hypothesis have proved to be widely accepted as possible explanations for the etiology. Patient. We present a patient who suffered from early-onset epigastric hernia. Conclusions. We believe the identification of the ligamentum teres and its accompanying vessel at its fascial defect supports the vascular lacunae hypothesis. However, to further our understanding, biopsy of the linea alba in patients with epigastric hernias is indicated. Electronic Publication     

早期儿童龋病危险因素的回归分析

目的：探讨早期儿童龋病（ECC）的主要致病因素。方法：采取整群抽样的方法对984名2－4岁儿童进行问卷调查和临床检查，并对结果进行Logistic回归分析。结果：ECC的患病率为19．2％，Logistic回归分析的结果提示，在ECC的发病过程中，釉质发育缺陷、新生儿早产和口腔卫生不良是重要的危险因素，而儿童含奶嘴睡觉的习惯并不是惟一的危险因素。结论：早期儿童龋病重要的危险因素包括釉质发育缺陷、新生儿早产、口腔卫生不良和含奶嘴睡觉的习惯等。     

Smoking Habits and Carcinoma of the Stomach: A Case-Control Study

Over a period of 8 years, a case-control study was carried out on smoking habits in 117 patients with carcinoma of the stomach and 234 controls, and a significant association of a particular method of smoking with the site of gastric carcinoma was found in the cancer patients. Furthermore, there was a highly significant difference in method of smoking between the cancer patients and the control group. The prevalence of smoking habit in the latter was 37%, of which 26% had swallowed the smoke regularly. In contrast, the incidence of smoking habit in the cancer patients was over 56%, of which 64% had swallowed the tobacco smoke. The difference is highly significant (P < 0.001). The study also suggests that the distal part, in particular, the antrum of the stomach was affected more frequently among the smokers of the cancer patients who had swallowed the smoke regularly but the cardiac end seemed to be involved more often in the other groups of the cancer patients. These included'never-smokers,'ex-smokers and those smokers who did not swallow the smoke (P < 0.01). It is therefore concluded that the swallowing of tobacco smoke seems to influence the site of gastric carcinoma. The relative risk was six-fold higher among the smokers who did swallow the smoke compared with the 'never-smokers' of the control group.     

Chronic sialadenitis with pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid: coincidental or causal?

 A 12-year-old boy with a pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid is reported. The excised gland specimen also showed evidence of chronic sialadenitis. The co-existence of these two entities has not been previously reported in the literature surveyed by us. The authors feel that the two conditions may have a common underlying etiology. Accepted: 25 September 2000     

宫颈癌发病因素及年轻化趋势的探讨

目的　探讨宁夏地区不同时期宫颈癌患者发病构成、临床病理特点及其相关因素的变化。方法　对1988- 1992年间 (前 5年组 )及 1998- 2 0 0 2年间 (后 5年组 )收治的共计 2 77例宫颈癌患者进行回顾性分析 ,根据年龄分为≤ 4 0岁、4 1- 4 9岁、5 0 - 5 9岁、≥ 6 0岁四组。结果　两组平均发病年龄无差异 ,均以 5 0 - 5 9岁为高发组 ,4 0岁以下年轻宫颈癌的发生比率明显升高 ,由前 5年组的 12 .5 %升至后 5年组的 2 8.18% ,P <0 .0 1,具有显著的统计学意义。职业分布教师、干部等高级知识分子的构成比明显下降 ,个体、自由职业者发病率逐年升高。结论　宫颈癌的发生、发展近二十年呈现明显上升趋势和年轻化趋势 ,其发病因素前 5年组多与早婚、早育、多产等传统的因素有关 ,而后 5年组HPV感染及性生活紊乱与宫颈癌的发生、发展更为密切     

慢性扩张性脑内血肿

慢性扩张性脑内血肿是脑内血肿的一种特殊类型，在临床上少见，本文报告６例慢性扩张性脑内血肿，并对其病因，临床特点，影像学表现、术中所见及治疗进行了讨论。