六安市2010至2015年流感病原学检测及流行病学分析

目的 分析六安市2010~2015年流感监测数据,探讨六安市近6年流感流行特征。方法 收集2010年1月至2015年12月六安市人民医院提供的15 435流感样病例资料,对其中3 890份采样标本进行流感病原学检测和病毒核酸检测,并进行亚型鉴定,同时收集哨点医院流感样病例（ILI）相关资料,运用描述性流行病学方法对资料进行流行病学分析。结果 共采集ILI咽拭子标本3 890份,检出流感核酸阳性422份,总阳性率为10.85%。分析流感病毒亚型,季H3 229份（54.27%）,新甲H1 53份（12.56%）,A未分型29份（6.87%）,B型109份（25.83%）。流感病毒检测阳性率随季节呈明显双峰,高峰分别为7~9月和12月至次年3月。0~5岁和25~60岁年龄组阳性率占比均为23.70%。男女阳性率占比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 2010~2015年,六安市流感流行以季H3为主,B型流感年度分布比较均匀。流感流行时间呈双峰,分别在7~9月和12月至次年3月。5岁以下和25~60岁年龄组患病人数较多。     

Iatrogenic injury to oral branches of the trigeminal nerve: records of 449 cases

The aims of this study were threefold: (1) to describe iatrogenic lesions to oral branches of the trigeminal nerve, signs and symptoms, and functional status, (2) to report on a simple neurosensory examination method, and (3) to discuss means of prevention of iatrogenic injury. The etiology and functional status of 449 injuries to oral branches collected over 18 years were retrospectively reviewed. A simple scheme of a clinical neurosensory examination was applied to enable a quantified rating of the perception. Injury to the lingual nerve (n = 261) is not only the most prevalent type of lesion, it also seems to be the most devastating type of lesion. Third molar surgery (n = 319) counts for the majority of injuries to the lingual, inferior alveolar, and buccal nerves. Lesions related to the injection of local analgesics was the second most frequent etiology (n = 78), and the lingual nerve was affected more frequently and severely than other oral branches of the trigeminal nerve. The female gender was overrepresented in incidence of injured nerves but no difference was found in the severity of affection between females and males. All grades of loss of neurosensory functions were found, and a range of neurogenic malfunctions was reported. Methodological obstacles in clinical neurosensory examination of trigeminal nerve injury and the magnitude of neurosensory impairment are discussed. Many nerve injuries are avoidable by critical reevaluation of indications, increased awareness of potential hazards, and modified surgical procedures.     

1788例社区获得性肺炎非细菌性病原体分布特征分析北大核心CSCD

目的探讨社区获得性肺炎患儿非细菌性病原体分布特点。方法回顾性选取2021年12月—2022年11月于沈阳市儿童医院住院的社区获得性肺炎患儿1788例,运用多重RT-PCR与毛细电泳联用技术对10种病毒病原体及2种非典型病原体进行检测,同时抽取静脉血行肺炎衣原体、肺炎支原体血清学抗体检测,分析不同病原体的分布特征。结果(1)1788例社区获得性肺炎患儿病原体阳性率为72.43%(1295/1788),其中病毒病原体阳性率为59.68%(1067/1788),非典型病原体阳性率为22.04%(394/1788)。阳性率由高到低依次为肺炎支原体、呼吸道合胞病毒、流感病毒B、偏肺病毒、鼻病毒、副流感病毒、流感病毒A、博卡病毒、腺病毒、肺炎衣原体、冠状病毒。(2)季节分布:春季以呼吸道合胞病毒、肺炎支原体为主要病原体;夏季以肺炎支原体阳性率最高,其次为流感病毒A;秋季偏肺病毒阳性率最高;冬季主要为流感病毒B、呼吸道合胞病毒。(3)性别、年龄分布:肺炎支原体阳性率女孩高于男孩(P<0.05),其他病原体性别比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。部分病原体在不同年龄组间的阳性率不同(P<0.05):肺炎支原体阳性率在>6岁组最高;呼吸道合胞病毒和肺炎衣原体阳性率在<1岁组最高;偏肺病毒、流感病毒B阳性率在1~<3岁组最高。(4)疾病分布:重症肺炎患儿以呼吸道合胞病毒、肺炎支原体、鼻病毒、偏肺病毒为主;大叶性肺炎患儿的病原体主要为肺炎支原体;急性支气管肺炎前5位病原体为肺炎支原体、流感病毒B、偏肺病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、鼻病毒。结论肺炎支原体、呼吸道合胞病毒、流感病毒B、偏肺病毒、鼻病毒为儿童社区获得性肺炎的主要病原体,呼吸道病原体阳性率在不同年龄阶段、季节和性别间存在一定差异。     

青年人腹腔积液46例病因分析

目的 探讨青年人腹腔积液的病因及临床特点,为进一步诊断治疗提供依据.方法 年龄35岁以下腹腔积液待查患者46例,均进行腹腔积液常规生化、病理及超声、CT、血肿瘤系列等多项检查,部分患者行胃肠镜及剖腹探查术.结果 46例患者中结核性腹膜炎21例(45.6%),结肠癌2例(4.3%),肝硬化2例(4.3%),恶性腹膜间皮瘤2例(4.3%),Budd-chiari综合征2例(4.3%),肝豆状核变性2例(4.3%),卵巢癌1例(2.1%),腹膜假性粘液瘤2例(4.3%),恶性淋巴瘤2例(4.3%,其中1例合并淋巴细胞性白血病),系统性红斑狼疮2例(4.3%),胃平滑肌肉瘤1例(2.1%),产后低蛋白血症1例(2.1%).特发性门静脉高压1例(2.1%),嗜酸细胞性胃肠炎l例(2.1%),病因未明4例(8.7%).结论 以腹腔积液待查就诊的青年患者,病因学分析最多为结核性腹膜炎,占45.6%,其次为与门静脉高压有关的腹腔积液、恶性肿瘤及结缔组织病,还有一些少见病因如嗜酸细胞性胃肠炎、腹膜假性粘液瘤等.     

中医辨证证素与惠州市儿童手足口病的病原学相关性研究

目的:分析中医辨证证素与惠州市儿童手足口病(HFMD)病原学的相关性。方法:选取2250例HFMD患儿,其中轻症1847例,重症403例。统计中医辨证证素的频数分布,检测肠道病毒71型(EV71)、柯萨奇病毒A组(CoxA)16、CoxA6及其他肠道病毒(EV),比较轻症与重症HFMD患儿中医辨证证素、病原学检查结果,分析中医辨证证素与病原学的相关性。结果:2250例HFMD患儿中医辨证证素有风热、湿热、气机逆乱、内风、厥证、阴虚、亡阳气脱、气虚,其中风热(98.00%)、湿热(86.98%)、气机逆乱(48.98%)、亡阳气脱(43.02%)较为常见。病原学检查结果显示,EV71(47.69%)、CoxA16(25.29%)、CoxA6(14.76%)为常见病原体。重症HFMD患儿气机逆乱、内风、厥证、阴虚、亡阳气脱、气虚占比高于轻症患儿(P<0.01),风热、湿热占比低于轻症患儿(P<0.01);重症HFMD患儿EV71、≥2种病原体阳性占比高于轻症患儿(P<0.01),CoxA16、CoxA6、其他EV占比低于轻症患儿(P<0.01)。厥证、亡阳气脱与EV71、≥2种病原体阳性呈正相关(P<0.01),气机逆乱与≥2种病原体阳性呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论:惠州市儿童HFMD中医辨证证素较常见的有风热、湿热、气机逆乱及亡阳气脱,病原体主要为EV71、CoxA16、CoxA6,对出现厥证、亡阳气脱患儿在中医辨证治疗基础上,应警惕≥2种病原体感染,给予EV71等病毒针对性治疗。     

中医药诊治新冠肺炎的思考

新冠肺炎属于疫病,疠气从口鼻而入,与六淫邪气相合(以湿邪为主),可化寒、化热、化毒、化燥,主要伤及肺脾功能。病机认识上不同学者有寒湿与湿热的差异,与受邪轻重、气候差异、患者体质等有关。分期辨证可有效整合不同辨证方法,初期可从辨口气、辨鼻气、辨鼻涕、辨面色、辨小便来区分寒热。中期热盛于湿易从阳化燥、化毒,或湿胜于热从阴化寒而出现多种病变,临床根据寒、湿、热(毒)病邪的多少而随证治疗。中医诊治新冠肺炎既要突出中医理论特色,也要积极彰显中西医结合的优势。     

慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎亚临床期病机探析

慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎(CLT)是临床常见的自身免疫性甲状腺疾病,以无疼痛、弥漫性甲状腺肿大,伴有甲状腺自身抗体滴度升高为特征。慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎分为三期,CLT亚临床期治疗是逆转疾病进程关键阶段,该期患者呈现相对可逆性,如早期进行干预,能够逆转其向甲状腺功能异常期进展,中医对CLT亚临床期的辨证治疗具有独特优势。本文从CLT亚临床期的中医病机特点,结合CLT亚临床期的临床表现及病理特点,阐述CLT亚临床期发病的中医病机核心是肝郁脾虚,以及其与西医免疫功能紊乱、甲状腺细胞凋亡的相关性为切入点探析CLT亚临床期发病机制,为慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎亚临床期的治疗提供坚实理论依据。     

中医药治疗重症肺炎研究进展

重症肺炎具有发病急、病情重的特点,目前多采用西药对症治疗,但效果还有较大上升空间,中医治疗可有效提高重症肺炎患者的临床疗效,改善患者呼吸功能,减轻机体炎症反应。现对中医药治疗重症肺炎作出以下综述,包括重症肺炎的病因病机,辨证分型及各种治疗方法等。     

基于“肝肾同源”理论探析椎动脉型颈椎病治疗思路

椎动脉型颈椎病(CSA)是常见病、多发病,因其患病率高、难以治愈的发病特点,严重影响患者的生活工作质量。通过对古代文献和现代研究的深入挖掘,探讨“肝肾同源”理论与CSA病因病机的联系,阐明“补肾益肝”法治疗CSA的临床疗效,探索有效的中医药防治方案,发挥中医药治疗CSA的独特优势以及提供相应的理论参考和治疗思路。     

Association of rs11190870 near LBX1 with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in East Asians: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background contextThe rs11190870 single nucleotide polymorphism in the 3'-flanking region of the LBX1 gene has been implicated in the etiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). A thorough appraisal of the evidence supporting this association has not been previously attempted.PurposeTo provide a comprehensive assessment and synthesis of the currently available evidence on the association between rs11190870 and AIS.Study designA systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsThis review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, Scopus, and HuGE Literature Finder databases were systematically searched through November 2013 to identify relevant studies following a sensitive strategy. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using the fixed-effect inverse variance model for allelic (T vs. C) and genotypic comparisons.ResultsMeta-analysis of four studies conducted in East Asian populations (n=3,215 AIS cases and n=15,347 controls) found a highly statistically significant and robust association between rs11190870 and AIS. Comparison of summary ORs indicated a codominant model effect of the T allele. Carriers of the TC and TT genotypes were 69% (OR=1.69, 95% CI: 1.48–1.94, p<.001) and 162% (OR=2.62, 95% CI: 2.28–3.02, p<.001), respectively, more likely to have AIS compared with carriers of the CC genotype.ConclusionsBased on a comprehensive analysis of the currently available evidence, rs11190870 is likely a susceptibility variant for AIS in East Asians. Further investigation of this association is necessary in other populations.