流行性感冒合并肺炎临床特征分析

目的探讨流行性感冒合并肺炎患者的临床症状、治疗及预后以加深对流行性感冒合并肺炎的了解。 方法回顾性分析2017年11月至2018年3月就诊于解放军总医院的甲型流行性感冒合并肺炎68例、乙型流行性感冒合并肺炎66例患者的临床症状、辅助检查、治疗方法及预后情况。 结果高热、乏力、干咳为流行性感冒合并肺炎最主要的首发症状,乙型流行性感冒合并肺炎患者既往患有糖尿病、支气管扩张病史的比例高于甲型流行性感冒合并肺炎,流行性感冒合并肺炎最易感染鲍曼不动杆菌及曲霉菌。9例(13.2%)甲型流行性感冒合并肺炎和5例(7.6%)乙型流行性感冒合并肺炎累及左肺,对其进行统计分析发现甲型流行性感冒合并肺炎和乙型流行性感冒合并肺炎在累及部位上无明显统计学意义。9例(13.2%)甲型流行性感冒合并肺炎和10例(15.2%)乙型流行性感冒合并肺炎合并胸腔积液;8例(11.8%)甲型流行性感冒合并肺炎和11例(16.6%)乙型流行性感冒合并肺炎11例仅表现为片状磨玻璃影;49例(72.0%)甲型流行性感冒合并肺炎和7例(10.2%)乙型流行性感冒合并肺炎7例(10.2%)表现为片状磨玻璃影和实变同存。7例(10.2%)甲型流行性感冒合并肺炎和11例(16.7%)乙型流行性感冒合并肺炎11例死亡。甲型流行性感冒合并肺炎和乙型流行性感冒合并肺炎在治疗、预后上无明显统计学差异(P>0.05)。 结论流感高发季,如老年人出现高热、干咳、乏力等症状,生化提示乳酸脱氢酶升高,肺CT提示双肺弥漫性间质渗出、实变,应高度警惕流行性感冒合并肺炎的发生,早期进行治疗干预,乙型流行性感冒合并肺炎死亡率不低于甲型流行性感冒合并肺炎。     

子宫肌瘤治疗的研究进展

子宫肌瘤是女性生殖器最常见的良性肿瘤。它好发于生育年龄,严重影响育龄期妇女的身心健康。近年来子宫肌瘤的治疗越来越受到重视。该文就子宫肌瘤治疗的研究进展作一综述。     

从“伏邪”论治系统性红斑狼疮

本文基于"伏邪"理论探讨系统性红斑狼疮的病因病机、发病特点和论治规律。笔者认为正气亏虚为系统性红斑狼疮的发病之本,而正虚使致病之邪内伏,六淫、疫气、情志等因素引动伏邪而发病。根据系统性红斑狼疮症状特点可分为急性期和缓解期,在急性发作期以清热解毒、活血祛瘀为主;缓解期以补益肝肾、滋阴祛邪为主,根据不同分期辨证审因,灵活选方用药进行论治,以期提高临床疗效。     

儿童重症肺炎病原学调查及病原菌耐药性分析

目的 分析厦门市儿童医院住院患儿重症肺炎病原学特点,并指导抗生素的合理运用。方法 选取2016 年1 月～2018 年12 月住院的重症肺炎患儿367 例作为研究对象。对患儿鼻咽部的分泌物做病原学检测及细菌药敏分析。结果 367 例患儿中,病原检测阳性288 例（78.47%）。288 例病原检出阳性的患儿中共检出病原株395 株,包括细菌222 株,占总病原的56.20%,革兰阴性菌、革兰阳性菌分别为142 株、80 株,以流感嗜血杆菌（51 例）,肺炎链球菌（41 例）为主;检出病毒93 株,以呼吸道合胞病毒（45 例）及腺病毒（35 例）为主,真菌感染9 例,以白色假丝酵母菌为主。肺炎支原体71 例。药敏试验结果显示,革兰阴性菌对氨苄西林、复方新诺明、庆大霉素及头孢噻肟耐药;革兰阳性菌对红霉素、四环素、青霉素及苯唑西林耐药。结论 细菌是厦门市儿童医院重症肺炎患儿鼻咽部分泌物的主要病原体,且革兰阴性菌占优势,早期进行病原菌的检测及细菌药敏实验分析对临床治疗及预后有重要作用。     

内科胸腔镜在108例病因不明的胸腔积液患者中的应用

目的 探讨内科胸腔镜对不明病因胸腔积液的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析我院呼吸内科2011-2013年2年内对108例病因不明的胸腔积液患者进行内科胸腔镜检查并行胸膜活检的过程、结果及安全性.结果 108例胸腔积液患者中的106例获得活检病理组织及病理诊断.其中结核性胸膜炎52例,恶性肿瘤45例,肺炎并胸膜炎3例,非特异性炎症6例,黏连严重未能活检2例.其诊断阳性率为92.6％.2例患者手术后并发气胸,其余患者手术中及术后无严重并发症.结论 内科胸腔镜用于胸腔积液的病因诊断安全有效,诊断率高,具有较高的临床价值.     

Patterns and etiology of maxillofacial fractures in Riyadh City,Saudi Arabia

ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to study the etiologies and patterns of maxillofacial fractures in patients treated in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia, between 2007 and 2011.Patients and methodsData were obtained through a retrospective review of 237 patients admitted to the King Saud Medical City Dental Department with a diagnosis of maxillofacial trauma. After excluding patient files with incomplete or unclear records, and cases in which computed tomography showed no evidence of fracture, the files of 200 patients with a diagnosis of maxillofacial fracture were included in the study. For each case, patient’s sex and age, pattern of facial fractures, and cause of injury were recorded on a data sheet. The data were transferred to an SPSS (ver. 16.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) spreadsheet for statistical analysis. The chi-square test was used to test the association between two categorical variables or factors (age group, cause) with p value set at p<0.05, and t-test value at <0.05 and independent.ResultsMotor vehicle accidents were the most common cause of maxillofacial fractures in most age groups, especially in males. Within the study sample, mandibular fractures were significantly more common than middle-third facial fractures (56.4% vs. 43.6%; p=0.006). Among mandibular fractures, parasymphyseal fractures were most common (47%), followed by condylar fractures (35.3%). Most (77.2%) middle-third facial fractures involved the zygomatic complex, and the incidence of such fractures differed significantly between male and female patients. p=0.72, not significant.ConclusionMales were more prone to maxillofacial fractures, perhaps as a result of the conservative nature of Saudi society, as the rules of Saudi Arabia do not allow the females to drive. Motor vehicle accidents were the most common cause of maxillofacial fractures in patients aged 10–29 years, indicating the high demand for the application of stricter traffic rules to reduce the rate of such accidents.     

老年发热患者的临床特点及病因分析研究

目的分析老年人发热性疾病的病因与临床特征。方法收集中关村医院2009-01—2010-11收治的以发热为首发临床表现的符合发热诊断标准的患者60例,进行回顾性分析。结果 60例患者中最终明确诊断者55例,其中感染性疾病30例、恶性肿瘤19倒、风湿性疾病3例、其他疾病3例。结论老年人发热性疾病由于症状不典型,诊断较困难。感染性疾病仍然是老年人主要的发热原因。     

不同类型老年吸入性肺炎的病原学、抗生素应用及临床转归

目的 比较老年社区获得性吸入性肺炎(CAP)、医疗相关性吸入性肺炎(HCAP)及医院获得性吸入性肺炎(HAP,包括呼吸机相关性吸入性肺炎)三者病原学、抗生素应用及治疗转归的关系.方法 收集2005年1月一2010年12月北京二炮总医院呼吸科住院的216例老年吸人性肺炎患者病例,分析其病原学结果、抗生素应用的及治疗转归.结果 三种吸入性肺炎的病原学有显著差异,与CAP和HCAP相比,HAP患者G-杆菌的感染比例明显增多(P<0.001);抗生素应用方案有明显差异,CAP组病人未调整抗生素应用比率明显高于HCAP组与HAP组(P<0.001);抗生素应用策略不同,所致死亡率有明显差异,以升阶梯方案为最高,以降阶梯治疗为最低(P=0.03).结论 三种吸入性肺炎在感染病原菌种类、抗生素应用策略及治疗转归上有明显差异,应根据不同类型的老年吸入性肺炎特点合理经验性使用抗菌药物.     

Secular trends in the etiology and comorbidity of hospitalized patients with congestive heart failure: A single-center retrospective study

Objective To assess the secular trends in the etiology and comorbidity of patients hospitalized with congestive heart failure (CHF)．Methods Data of 7319 patients (mean age 59.6 years, 62.1% male) with a primary discharge diagnosis of CHF, hospitalized from January 1, 1993, to December 31, 2007, at the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital were extracted and analyzed. These patients were divided into three groups according to hospitalization period: 1993–1997 (n = 1623), 1998–2002 (n = 2444), and 2003–2007 (n = 3252). The etiological characteristics and comorbidities were assessed. Results　Over the study period, the proportion of patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) increased from 37.2% during the period 1993–1997 to 46.8% during the period 2003–2007, while that with valvular heart disease (VHD) decreased (from 35.2% during the period 1993–1997 to 16.6% during the period 2003–2007, both P < 0.05); Atrial fibrillation (AF) was the most common comorbidity of heart failure (23.2%, 23.0% and 20.6%, respectively, in the three periods); Compared to that of the period of 1993–1997 with that of, the proportion of patients with myocardial infarction, pneumonia, renal function impairment and hepatic cirrhosis of the period of 2003–2007 increased significantly (P < 0.05) and the proportion of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and atrial fibrillation decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Conclusions This study implies that IHD has became a more common etiology of CHF, while VHD has deceased as an etiology of CHF in Chinese patients during the last two decades.     

自发性气胸的病因学研究进展

自发性气胸是临床常见病,某些情况下可危及生命.尽管其治疗已经取得了不小进步,但发病机制复杂,病因尚未完全阐明,且复发率高.对其病因学近年研究进展加以概括,可能有助于加深对该病的理解.