支气管扩张感染加重的病原学及药敏分析

目的：为了解本地区支扩感染加重需住院患者的病原学及药敏情况,指导临床治疗。方法：用纤支镜取深部痰作培养和药敏以及血清ＩｇＧ测定。结果：７４例深部痰培养６０例阳性,阳性率为８１．１％,最常见的病原菌为假单孢菌属; ７２例患者有 ５３例 ＩｇＧ降低,平均值为 ６． ５±１． ２ｇ／Ｌ。结果：患者免疫功能低下和革兰氏阴性杆菌特别是铜绿假单抱杆菌感染是引起支扩感染加重住院的主要因素。在抗菌药物应用时宜选用对假单孢菌有效的药物。     

Prevalence survey of movement disorders, epilepsy, hypertension and smoking habit in Vejer de la Frontera, Southern Spain-I. Methodology

A prevalence survey of movement disorders, epilepsy, hypertension and smoking was undertaken in Vejer de la Frontera, Southern Spain in 1988. A validated screening instrument designed for door-to-door tracing of specific disorders was used. Neurological diagnoses were based on: (1) direct anamnesis and examination by a senior neurologist; (2) perusal of existing medical records; and (3) in a proportion of cases, a hospital-based complementary study. This experience suggests that, while door-to-door surveys of neurological disorders have focused on multiple major outcomes: (1) scientific and logistic reasons can exist for screening for specific neurological disorders, and (2) scientific and public health-related interventional objectives can be combined advantageously when such costly investigations are conducted.     

林县食管癌危险因素变化规律的研究

目的：研究不同时间点华北食管癌高发区危险因素的变化情况。为监测提供依据。方法：以同一地区不同时间断面（1995年，1991年和1997年）人群为基础的病例对照研究作为研究对象。使用条件和非条件Logistic模型分析和Spearman相关分析。结果：肉类、蔬菜和饮酒的比例随时间推移而增加，酸菜比例下降，1985年，1991年和1997年男性吸烟OR值分别为0.9,1.8和1.0。食管癌家族史1.7,1.4和1.9。体型指数1991年和1997年为0.9,0.8,0.7和0.4,0.3,0.2。按食用频率分层，肉类1.6,1.5,1.0,1.0和1.2,1.7；新鲜蔬菜1.5,1.5,1.0,0.8和0.8,0.7；玉米985年，1997年为1.4,1.3,1.5和1.0,0.8,0.6。结论：经济条件可以影响食管癌危险因素如饮酒，酸菜等，饮酒可能成为新的危险因素。     

广州市原发性肝癌的病因流行病学调查

为了调查广州市原发性肝癌（PHC）的病因因素，本研究对100例原发性肝癌作了病例对照研究。单因素分析表明，HBV感染与PHC关系最密切。此外，HCV感染、社会心理因素、肝炎家族史、单独厨房及抽油烟机的缺乏、食鱼生食物可能与PHC的发生有关。logistic多因素分析表明，HBV感染、HCV感染、负性事件、单独厨房、食鱼生食物与广州地区PHC的发生有关。值得注意的是以上因素间的协同作用，尤以HBV与其他因素间的协同作用更为明显。     

Does gut atresia cause polyhydramnios?

Fetal gut atresia is variably associated with polyhydramnios. In order to determine which pregnancies will develop polyhydramnios, the case notes of 80 babies with gut atresia and stenosis were reviewed. Maternal polyhydramnios developed in all cases of pure oesophageal atresia (n=8), all cases of Type III duodenal atresia (DA) with a non-bifid bile duct (n=8), 80% of cases with type I DA (n=10), and 24% of atresias of the small intestine (n=34). Polyhydramnios did not develop in any case where there was not total obstruction except in 1 baby with DA and a bifid bile duct (BBD). These included stenosis of the oesophagus and duodenum (n=17) and DA type III with a BBD (n=3). These results support the role of fetal swallowing and fluid absorption by the fetal gastro-intestinal tract in the regulation of amniotic fluid volume. Accepted: 24 February 1997     

冠心病和慢性牙周炎相关性研究

目的 探讨冠心病与慢性牙周炎的相关关系。方法 515例“胸部不适”的患者，经病史和选择性冠状动脉造影结果分为冠心病组277例、对照组238例，对所有受检者均进行牙周状况的检查，测量全口牙周袋深度和牙周附着丧失，慢性牙周炎的诊断参照Armitage推荐的标准，同时对冠心病其他常见的危险因素进行比较。结果 冠心病组慢性牙周炎患病率为54．9％，而对照组仅为29．9％，两者差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）。单因素分析发现冠心病组患者甘油三酯、血糖、白细胞计数、高血压及吸烟的发生率均显著高于对照组（P〈0．01～0．001）；而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDLC）则显著低于对照组（P〈0．叭）。多因素非条件loglstie回归分析，仅慢性牙周炎、糖尿病、高血压及HDL-C与冠心病显著相关。慢性牙周炎和冠心病不仅有统计学上的关联，且具有明显的剂量反应关系，即随着牙周炎程度的加重患冠心病的危险也增大（P〈0．001），且随牙周炎程度的加重，罹患冠心病的程度亦进一步加重。结论 慢性牙周炎可能是冠心病的独立危险因素，慢性牙周炎可能增加冠心病发生的风险程度，且随着牙周炎程度的加重，罹患冠心病的严重程度也增大。     

203例外伤性化脓性眼内炎病因分析

目的探讨外伤性化脓性眼内炎的流行病学特点。方法对1999年5月至2005年4月在复旦大学附属跟耳鼻喉科医院住院治疗的外伤性化脓性眼内炎患者的资料进行回顾性分析。结果共203例,203眼; 男170例,女33例;右眼107眼,左眼96眼;年龄1-72岁,平均为(23．6±17．2)岁;以1-5岁组及6-10岁组发病率最高,均为17．2％,其次为31-35岁组(10．8％)。职业上,从事建筑等工作的外来务工者最多(38．4％),学龄前儿童23．2％,中小学生21．2％,农民14．3％,其他3．0％;行眼球清创缝合术的共104例,最早者伤后5 h手术,最晚者伤后1周,24 h以内手术的79例,24 h以上手术的25例。合并球内异物者共50例,18例于24 h内取出,32例于24 h后取出。致伤物中金属穿通伤最多(33．0％,P<0．01),其次由多至少分别为一次性注射器针头、铁屑等球内异物、植物穿通伤、钝挫伤致眼球破裂、石头泥浆等穿通伤、铅笔纸板等穿通伤、爆炸伤、动物伤、致伤物不明和角膜溃疡。104例发生于农村,99例发生于城镇。结论金属穿通伤是外伤性化脓性眼内炎的主要发病因素,预防宣教的重点人群是男性儿童及青壮年外来务工者。     

急性肾功能衰竭99例临床分析

目的探索急性肾功能衰竭的临床特点,为及早防治提供理论依据。方法分析99例急性肾功能衰竭患者的病因、疗效和预后。结果患者平均年龄45.2岁,其中>60岁组占24.6%。肾前性急性肾衰9例(9.1%),肾实质性急性肾衰86例(86.8%),肾后梗阻性急性肾衰4例(4.04%)。本组病死率7.1%。结论急性肾衰发病呈高龄化趋势,肾前性急性肾衰常因认识不足而被忽略,小管间质病变是肾实质性急性肾衰的主要原因,其中药物因素占首位。急性肾衰早期诊断有助于治疗,改善预后,提高存活率。     

No modulatory effect of neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists on serotonin uptake in human and rat brain synaptosomes

Some studies have demonstrated antidepressant activity of neurokinin-1-receptor antagonists (NK-1-RA) in major depressive disorder. However, the underlying mechanisms of this antidepressant effect are largely unknown. Preclinical studies in rats and mice have suggested that NK-1-RA do increase the neuronal release of serotonin (5-HT). This, however, seems to be compensated by an increased 5-HT reuptake, indicating that NK-1-RA have no inhibitory effect on the 5-HT transporter in rodents. Given the possibility that modulation of neurotransmitter release and reuptake may differ between species, with major differences found between rodents and humans, we investigated for the first time the possible modulatory effect of NK-1-RA on 5-HT uptake in human brain synaptosomes and compared it with the situation in rat cortex. We found that the specific human NK-1-RA L-733060, in contrast to the SSRI fluvoxamine (IC₅₀ = 10^− 7.96 M) did not inhibit 5-HT uptake in human brain synaptosomes and did not modulate fluvoxamine-induced 5-HT uptake inhibition at 1 μM. Furthermore, substance P as well as Sar⁹Met(O₂)¹¹SP, as the major agonists at the NK-1-R, did not modulate 5-HT uptake in human brain synaptosomes. Similar results were found in rat cortex synaptosomes by using the rat-specific NK-1-RA WIN51708. These results show that in humans, as in rodents, inhibition of the 5-HT transporter is probably not the underlying mechanism of the assumed antidepressant activity of NK-1-RA.     

儿童身材矮小的病因分析及遗传学诊断

目的 探讨身材矮小患儿的病因分布及遗传学诊断。方法 回顾性分析86例身材矮小患儿的病因分布及临床特征。结果 86例身材矮小患儿中,病因有6种,以特发性矮小症（ISS,41%）和生长激素缺乏症（GHD,29%）最常见,遗传性疾病（14%）次之。将遗传性疾病组与ISS组、GHD组比较显示,各组患儿就诊年龄、身高、出生身长、出生体重、父母身高及胰岛素样生长因子1（IGF-1）水平差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.05）,但遗传性疾病组身高距同年龄同性别个体身高第3百分位数的差值（ΔP3）和身高标准差评分（HtSDS）显著低于ISS组（P < 0.05）,但与GHD组相比差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。对遗传性疾病组患儿的临床表现进行分析,显示不同遗传性疾病表型谱存在异质性及表型重叠性。结论 ISS、GHD和遗传性疾病是儿童身材矮小的主要病因。对存在严重身材矮小的患儿,在除外GHD外,有必要进一步行遗传学检查明确诊断。