半紧闭装置低流量时的第二气体效应

目的　研究半紧闭装置低流量时可能存在的第二气体效应。方法　 4 0例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级全麻患者随机分为A、B两组 ,各 2 0例 ,分别在新鲜气流量 (A组O2 0 .4L min +N2 O 0 .6L min ,B组O2 1L min)下接受 1%异氟烷。用Datex气体监测仪校正挥发罐输出浓度 (Fd) ,使异氟烷输出浓度为 1% ,气管导管连接处连续监测麻醉气体吸入浓度 (Fi)、呼气末浓度 (FA)、呼气末二氧化碳分压 (PETCO2 )、吸入氧浓度。观察 30min。比较 2组各相同时间点异氟烷FA Fi 和FA Fd。结果　异氟烷的FA Fi 上升速率 2组无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,FA Fd 上升速率 2组有差异 ,但不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　第二气体效应在低流量时表现不明显。     

七氟醚与氯胺酮在小儿麻醉维持中的荟萃分析

目的系统评价七氟醚和氯胺酮在小儿麻醉维持中的效果及其并发症,为其临床决策提供依据。方法以七氟醚或氯胺酮、小儿麻醉维持为检索词,检索Pubmed、中国知网和维普等数据库,文献起止时间均从建库至2011年12月,纳入所有采用七氟醚吸入或氯胺酮静脉维持小儿麻醉的研究文献,用RevMan 5.1.1软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入17个随机对照试验,3 771例患儿。Meta分析结果示,①呼吸道分泌物：七氟醚麻醉口腔分泌物明显少于氯胺酮[RR=0.03,95%CI（0.01,0.09）];②术中躯体运动：氯胺酮全麻术中体动高于七氟醚全麻[RR=0.06,95%CI（0.03,0.12）];③术后睁眼或体动时间：七氟醚的苏醒时间明显短于氯胺酮[WMD=-29.84,95%CI（-36.61,-23.07）];④出手术室或PACU时间：七氟醚的出室或PACU的时间少于氯胺酮[WMD=-21.41,95%CI（-29.99,-12.84）];⑤术后躁动：七氟醚术后躁动发生率显著高于氯胺酮[RR=0.07,95%CI（0.04,0.11）];⑥术后呕吐：两者之间差异无统计学意义[RR=0.75,95%CI（0.61,0.93）]。结论小儿氯胺酮麻醉后分泌物明显多于七氟醚,术中七氟醚维持较少出现体动,七氟醚麻醉苏醒更快,但七氟醚麻醉术后躁动明显高于氯胺酮。     

高氧液对单肺通气低氧血症和肺内分流的影响

目的探讨双腔支气管内麻醉时,输入高氧液对单肺通气时低氧血症和肺内分流(Qs/Qt)的影响。方法选择食管中段癌根治手术20例,随机分为两组,N组(对照组)10例单肺通气时输入平衡液;O组(高氧液组)10例单肺通气时输入高氧平衡液。分别于麻醉前、双肺通气(DLV)30min、单肺通气(OLV)30min抽取动脉血和混合静脉血做血气分析,并计算Qs/Qt等。结果OLV时O组动脉血氧饱和度(SaO2)显著高于N组(P<0.01),O组动脉血氧含量(CaO2)显著高于N组(P<0.05)。OLV时,Qs/Qt较DLV时显著增加(N组P<0.01;O组P<0.05),但两组间比较差异无显著性。结论静脉输注高氧液可以明显升高SaO2和CaO2,高氧液对Qs/Qt的影响不明显。单肺通气时输注高氧液可能对低氧血症有利。     

不同麻醉方案对 TKA 术后深静脉血栓发生的影响

目的：对照研究连续硬膜外麻醉（CEA）和全身麻醉下人工全膝关节置换术（TKA）后深静脉血栓（DVT）的发生率,并探析其各自的临床意义。方法：分析2013年4月～2015年5月在我院接受治疗的68例患者的临床资料。将入选者随机分成 CEA 组和全麻组两组,各34例。比较两组患者的一般资料、术前术后的相关指标以及术前凝血、血小板相关指标以及 DVT 的发生率。结果：两组患者的一般资料无统计学差异。两组患者术中、术后的相关指标间差异均不明显。两组患者术前凝血与血小板比较无统计学差异。DVT 的总发生率为19.1％（13/68）,其中单纯远端血栓有12例,近端血栓有1例,无肺栓塞及髂静脉血栓患者。CEA 组的 DVT 发生率明显低于全麻组。结论：CEA 可以显著降低 TKA 后 DVT 的发生率,疗效显著。     

硬膜外麻醉剖宫产术后6h内产妇体位的探讨

目的 探讨硬膜外麻醉剖宫产术后6h内产妇合适体位,常规去枕平卧位有无必要性。方法 行硬膜外麻醉剖宫产术后的产妇109例,根据住院号单双数随机分为两组,观察组59例术后返回病房即给予垫枕,术后1～2h协助产妇翻身更换体位,按产妇需要取左侧卧位、右侧卧位或平卧位,对照组50例按常规去枕平卧位6h。观察两组产妇头痛,枕后项部及腹背部酸痛不适感、恶露排出、新生儿早吸吮情况。结果 两组比较头痛无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;两组枕后项部及腰背部酸痛不适感比较有显著性差异（P〈0.01）,观察组较对照组卧位舒适;两组新生儿早吸吮比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）,观察组利于新生儿早吸吮。结论 硬膜外麻醉刮宫产术后6h内无需去枕平卧位预防头痛,应取垫枕自由体位。     

Identifying c-fos Expression as a Strategy to Investigate the Actions of General Anesthetics on the Central Nervous System

Although general anesthetics have been used in the clinic for more than 170 years, the ways in which they induce amnesia, unconsciousness, analgesia, and immobility remain elusive. Modulations of various neural nuclei and circuits are involved in the actions of general anesthetics. The expression of the immediate-early gene c-fos and its nuclear product, c-fos protein, can be induced by neuronal depolarization; therefore, c-fos staining is commonly used to identify the activated neurons during sleep and/or wakefulness, as well as in various physiological conditions in the central nervous system. Identifying c-fos expression is also a direct and convenient method to explore the effects of general anesthetics on the activity of neural nuclei and circuits. Using c-fos staining, general anesthetics have been found to interact with sleep- and wakefulness-promoting systems throughout the brain, which may explain their ability to induce unconsciousness and emergence from general anesthesia. This review summarizes the actions of general anesthetics on neural nuclei and circuits based on a c-fos expression.     

Facet Joint Versus Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injections in Patients With Cervical Radicular Pain due to Foraminal Stenosis: A Retrospective Comparative Study

BackgroundA cervical transforaminal epidural (TFE) steroid injection is a useful treatment option for cervical radicular pain, but it carries a small risk of catastrophic complications. Several studies have reported that cervical facet joint (FJ) steroid injection can reduce cervical radicular pain through an indirect epidural spread. The aim of this retrospective comparative study was to evaluate the pain scores and functional disability in subjects receiving cervical FJ or TFE steroid injection for the treatment of cervical radicular pain due to foraminal stenosis (FS).MethodsWe selected 278 patients 18 years of age and older who underwent cervical FJ (n = 130) or TFE (n= 148) steroid injection for cervical radicular pain. The primary outcomes included pain scores and functional disability during hospital visits one, three, and six months after the initial injection. Secondary outcomes were the proportion of responders and Medication Quantification Scale (MQS) scores. Adverse events and variables correlating with effectiveness one month after the initial injection were also evaluated.ResultsThe Numeric Rating Scale and Neck Disability Index scores showed a significant improvement one, three, and six months after the initial injection in both groups, with no significant differences between the groups. No significant differences were observed in the success rates of the procedure one, three, and six months after the initial injection for either group. There were no significant differences in MQS between the groups during the follow-up period. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the injection method, age, sex, number of injections, FS severity, MQS, pain duration, and the presence of cervical disc herniation were not independent predictors of treatment success.ConclusionThe efficacy of FJ steroid injection may not be inferior to that of TFE steroid injection in patients with cervical radicular pain due to FS.     

熵指数在临床麻醉中的应用

以脑电为基础的分析监测技术已用于临床麻醉深度的监测。随着频谱熵指数的出现并应用于临床,熵指数正受到越来越多的关注。该方法将脑电图信号定量后产生两个相应的参数:状态熵(SE)和反应熵(RE)。熵指数和脑电双频指数(BIS)均可用于监测麻醉药对中枢神经系统的影响。与BIS一样,RE仍难以反映疼痛刺激程度。     

Can lubrication of the eyelid speculum reduce overall pain perception associated with cataract surgery by phacoemulsification performed under topical anesthesia?

Purpose:This study aimed to evaluate the effect of using the lubricated eyelid speculum on the overall pain perception by the subject patients who underwent cataract surgery by phacoemulsification technique under topical anesthesia.Methods:A prospective interventional randomized comparative study was conducted at the tertiary eye care center, wherein adult patients scheduled for bilateral cataract surgery with phacoemulsification techniques under topical anesthesia were randomized to undergo surgery with two different modes of eyelid speculum insertion, either with or without lubrication of the eyelid speculum. Fifty percent of the patients underwent surgery with eyelid speculum without lubrication, and 50% with lubrication of the eyelid speculum. The primary outcome was to compare the level of overall pain perception among the subject patients of the two groups by using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) in the immediate postoperative period.Results:The study included 130 patients who underwent bilateral cataract surgery (n = 260 eyes) under topical anesthesia, wherein n = 130 eyes underwent surgery using lubricated eyelid speculum and n = 130 eyes underwent surgery with dry eyelid speculum. Pain perception score assessed on the VAS (0–10 cm) ranged from 0.5 to 6, with a mean ± standard deviation of 2.06 ± 1.12. A significant correlation was found with two different methods of eyelid speculum insertion with reduced overall pain perception in patients with the use of lubricated eyelid speculum compared to the dry eyelid speculum (P = 0.0001).Conclusion:The overall pain perception associated with cataract surgery performed by phacoemulsification technique under topical anesthesia can be further minimized by lubricating the eyelid speculum prior to insertion for exposing the globe.