2016年4月—2022年3月深圳市和济南市流感病原学监测及流行特征

目的 分析在新型冠状病毒肺炎流行背景下,2016年4月—2022年3月国内深圳市和济南市流感流行特点,了解我国南北方地区流感流行差异。 方法 使用深圳市和济南市国家级哨点医院2016—2022监测年度流感样病例(ILI)和流感病原学监测资料,分析流感流行特征和趋势。 结果 2016—2022监测年度深圳市和济南市国家级哨点医院的门急诊病例中流感样病例百分比(ILI%)分别为2.25%、3.45%。两地区ILI%最高的年份均为2021—2022监测年度。ILl年龄构成均以0~4岁为主(分别占40%、46%)。按月分析两地区流感病毒分离阳性率与ILI%变化的相关性,两者趋势均存在正相关(r=0.238,P<0.05;r=0.425,P<0.001)。两地区不同监测年度流感优势毒株型别均不相同,呈交替变化,但每年流行的型别及高峰期的优势毒株型别基本一致。 结论 2020—2021监测年度即新型冠状病毒肺炎流行初期,深圳市和济南市流感活跃程度明显低于往年平均水平且流行毒株型别单一,其余监测年度基本符合我国南、北方地区流感流行特征。     

A psychosocial study of male prostitution

A semistructured questionnaire was administered to 50 male prostitutes and 50 nonprostitutes matched on age, sex, and socioeconomic status. The questionnaire focused on areas pertaining to family, sexual and criminal history, current life situation, sexual practices with clients, substance abuse, etc. In addition, the Beck Depression Inventory and the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale were administered to 35 subjects from each group. Results indicated that there were differences between the groups but that these differences did not entirely support the demographic profile offered by previous researchers. Specifically, our findings suggest that factors related to family background may be less important as potential determinants for entry into prostitution than influences related to financial gain, sexual orientation (homosexuality), and early sexual experiences.This research was supported by a grant from the Donation Richelieu.     

Impedance of goat eye lens at different DC voltages

A computer assisted AC impedance system is used to measure the DC voltage—current (V-I) characteristics and AC impedance of a goat eye lens using a two-probe Ag−AgCl electrode system. The measurement of the V-I characteristics shows that when a DC voltage from 0mV to 30mV is applied, the resultant current decreases from an initial value of 0.58μA to 0.006μA. However, when the voltage is increases beyond 30mV, the current increases and reaches a value of 0.9μA at 100mV. The data on the frequency response (0.01–10 Hz) of the impedance of lens tissue show an inverse relationship with frequency. The effect of various DC voltages, namely 0, 30, 50, 100 and 200 mV, on the impedance of the eye lens is also investigated over a frequency range of 0.01–10 Hz. The measurement results for both V-I characteristics and AC impedance further suggest the presence of a 30 mV voltage compartment in the goat eye lens.     

Donor characteristics do not influence transfusion-related acute lung injury incidence in a secondary analysis of two case-control studies

Objective

To investigate the relation between donor characteristics and TRALI incidence.

Sympathetic a-adrenergic control of large-bore arterial vessels,arterioles and veins,and of capillary pressure and fluid exchange in whole-organ cat skeletal muscle

The sympathetic nervous control of the vascular bed of cat gastrocnemius muscle was studied with a new whole-organ technique which permits simultaneous, continuous and quantitative measurements of capillary pressure (P_c), capillary fluid exchange and resistance reactions in the whole vascular bed and in its three consecutive sections: large-bore arterial vessels (> 25 μm), arterioles (< 25 μm) and veins. The results demonstrated a distinct neural control of all three consecutive vascular sections, graded in relation to the rate of nerve excitation up to maximum at 16 Hz. Stimulation at high rates, which in the steady state caused an average rise of overall regional resistance from 15.3 to 120 PRU (7.8-fold increase), thus raised large-bore arterial vessel resistance from 8.8 to 64 PRU (7.3-fold increase), arteriolar resistance from 4.5 to 49 PRU (10.9-fold increase) and venous resistance from 2.0 to 7 PRU (3.5-fold increase). The rate of resistance development (PRU s^-1) of the sympathetic constrictor response was much higher in the arteriolar than in the other sections, which indicates that the neural control is especially prompt and efficient in the arterioles. A passive component was shown to contribute to the described responses only on the venous side, but in no case by more than 10% of the total sympathetic venous resistance response, which thus is mainly active. Of special functional importance was that the new technique provided information about the adrenergic control of P_c, in absolute figures. From the control value of 19 mmHg, graded sympathetic stimulation caused a graded decline in P_c, at maximum constriction by about 7 mmHg. This resulted in marked net transcapillary fluid absorption, in turn increasing plasma volume.     

Eccentric and concentric torque-velocity characteristics of the quadriceps femoris in man

Summary The primary purpose of this investigation was to study the eccentric and concentric torque-velocity characteristics of the quadriceps femoris in man using a recently developed combined isometric, concentric and eccentric controlled velocity dynamometer (the SPARK System). A secondary purpose was to compare the method error associated with maximal voluntary concentric and eccentric torque output over a range of testing velocities. 21 males (21–32 years) performed on two separate days maximal voluntary isometric, concentric and eccentric contractions of the quadriceps femoris at 4 isokinetic lever arm velocities of 0° · s^–1 (isometric), 30° · s^–1 120° · s^–1 and 270° · s^–1. Eccentric peak torque and angle-specific torques (measured every 10° from 30° to 70°) did not significantly change from 0° · s^–1 to 270° · s^–1 (p>0.05) (with the exception of angle-specific 40° torque, which significantly increased;p<0.05). The mean method error was significantly higher for the eccentric tests (10.6%±1.6%) than for the concentric tests (8.1%±1.7%) (p<0.05). The mean method error decreased slightly with increasing concentric velocity (p>0.05), and increased slightly with increasing eccentric velocity (p>0.05). A tension restricting neural mechanism, if active during maximal eccentric contractions, could possibly account for the large difference seen between the present eccentric torque-velocity results and the classic results obtained from isolated animal muscle.     

Hypothermic Machine Preservation in Liver Transplantation Revisited: Concepts and Criteria in the New Millennium

To overcome the present shortage of liver donors by expansion of the existing donor pool and possibly lengthening of the storage time, hypothermic machine perfusion of the liver as a dynamic preservation method is revisited. The three most important aspects are defined to be the type of preservation solution, the characteristics of perfusion dynamics, and the oxygen supply. Reviewing hypothermic liver machine perfusion experiments, the University of Wisconsin machine preservation solution is the solution most used. It is also found that nothing conclusive can be said about the optimal perfusion characteristics, since either perfusion pressure or perfusion flow is reported. The best estimation is perfusion of the liver in a physiological manner, i.e. pulsatile arterial perfusion and continuous portal venous perfusion. The applied pressures could be chosen to be somewhat lower than physiological pressures to prevent possible endothelial cell damage. Oxygen supply is necessary to achieve optimal preservation of the liver. The minimal amount of partial oxygen pressure required is inversely related to the normalized flow. Incorporating these features in a system based on existing standard surgical and organ sharing procedures and which is able to work stand-alone for 24 h, weighing less than 23 kg, could successfully implement this technique into every day clinical practise.     

CD8+T-bet+ cells as a predominant biomarker for inclusion body myositis

Background

Myositis is a heterogeneous group of muscular auto-immune diseases with clinical and pathological criteria that allow the classification of patients into different sub-groups. Inclusion body myositis is the most frequent myositis above fifty years of age. Diagnosing inclusion body myositis requires expertise and is challenging. Little is known concerning the pathogenic mechanisms of this disease in which conventional suppressive-immune therapies are inefficacious.

Signal Characteristics of EMG at Different Levels of Muscle Tension

Electromyographic activity of m. rectus femoris at submaximal and maximal voluntary contractions was quantified by conventional integration technique and also be a more “qualitative” procedure of automated motor unit averaging and frequency spectrum analysis. By relating the EMG parameters to produced muscle tension it was observed that the integrated EMG increased in a slightly nonlinear fashion with the increase in muscle force. The other EMG variables also showed clear changes as a function of muscle tension. The averaged motor unit potential (AMUP) and its specific parameters (number of spikes, amplitude, rise time and amplitude-rise time ratio) showed such changes with muscle tension that they may be useful in estimation of the recruitment pattern of the different types of motor units.