基质金属蛋白酶-1和8在根尖肉芽肿中的表达及意义

目的：探讨基质金属蛋白酶-1（MMP-1）和8（MMP-8）的表达水平与根尖肉芽肿的关系及意义。方法：采用免疫组化方法,检测了20例根尖肉芽肿和20例正常根尖组织中MMP-1和MMP-8的表达水平,并用独立样本t检验分析MMP-1和MMP-8的表达水平与根尖肉芽肿的关系。结果：MMP-1和MMP-8在根尖肉芽肿组织中均有表达,且表达的阳性细胞数高于正常组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：MMP-1和MMP-8可能参与了根尖肉芽肿的发病过程。     

Evaluation of olfactory dysfunction to estimate the presence of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis in patients with asthma

BackgroundEosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) is often complicated by asthma and can be difficult to diagnose. This study aimed to clarify the usefulness of the self-administered odor questionnaire (SAOQ) and visual analog scale (VAS) to identify olfactory disorders in patients with asthma.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted on patients with asthma who were referred to the Otolaryngology clinic between May and September 2018. The treatment step of asthma, asthma control test (ACT), pulmonary function test, peripheral blood eosinophils, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were analyzed. ECRS was diagnosed based on the Japanese Epidemiological Survey of Refractory Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis Study score. Olfactory dysfunction was evaluated using the SAOQ and VAS for olfactory disorders.ResultsThe study included 56 patients (18 males and 38 females), who were divided into two groups; those with ECRS (n = 18) and those without ECRS (n = 38). Age, sex, treatment step, ACT score, and pulmonary function were not significantly different between the groups. The ECRS group had a significantly higher FeNO value (89.1 ppb vs. 39.1 ppb) and a significantly lower SAOQ score (40.1% vs. 96.1%). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the efficacy of ECRS diagnosis was 0.88, 0.889, 0.799, and 0.757 for SAOQ, VAS, blood eosinophil count, and FeNO, respectively.ConclusionThe SAOQ and VAS scores were useful tools that presented similar results to the blood eosinophil count and FeNO, and may help to improve the diagnosis of ECRS in patients with asthma.     

A case of hepatocellular carcinoma with tuberculoma within tumor tissue

We made a diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and performed partial resection of the liver in a 72 year-old woman. Granulomas were observed within hepatocellular carcinoma in the surgical specimen. Microscopic findings demonstrated the granulomas particularly within the tumor, and showed that they were composed of epithelioid cells with caseous necrosis. These tuberculomas compressed the tumor cells, and many lymphocytes had infiltrated the tumor around the tuberculomas. The cancer stage of the patient was early and her prognosis is good.     

Thyroid tuberculosis

Thyroid tuberculosis is a rare disease. Its incidence is low even in countries where prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis is high (0.1–0.4%). In literature, there are only a few cases which were diagnosed as thyroid tuberculosis. It can be explained by a high resistance of the thyroid gland to infectious processes. However, the prevalence of tuberculosis has increased worldwide and thyroid involvement can be a primary manifestation of the disease. The incidence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis has been showing a progressive increase in the recent years(Barnes and Weatherstone, 1979). The most frequent clinical presentation is a solitary thyroid nodule that may present as a cystic nodule. It may also present as thyroid abscess with pain, fever and other non-specific signs and symptoms. ATT results in complete cure therefore it is important to differentiate it from other form of thyroiditis. Patients are usually euthyroid, but cases of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are described. For accurate diagnosis of thyroid tuberculosis, clinical and radiological features are nonspecific and histological examination is required for confirmation of diagnosis. PCR may help in diagnosis. The authors encounter 3 cases of thyroid tuberculosis in last 5 year which are described in this article. The aim of this study is to review all the cases published in literature to describe clinical presentation, appropriate diagnostic method and possible treatment options of the disease.     

Atypical presentations of cutaneous tuberculosis: Series of 10 cases

Cutaneous tuberculosis classically presents as Lupus vulgaris, scrofuloderma, tuberculosis verrucose cutis and tubercular abscess. Hypersensitivity reaction to the bacilli leads to Lichen scrofulosorum and papulonecrotic tuberculids. At the same time, it can have myriad of clinical presentations, many of which are still undescribed. It is important to regularly update ourselves with these unusual manifestations so as to ensure early treatment and reduction of overall morbidity. In this case series tuberculosis manifesting as rapidly progressing diffuse facial granulomas, sporotrichoid tuberculosis, tuberculosis mimicking squamous cell carcinoma, scrofuloderma as tubercular ulcer, lupus vulgaris with nasal septal perforation, lupus vulgaris resembling furuncle, psoriasis, dermatitis and BT Hansen are described in immunocompetent individuals. These cases highlight the importance of recognition of atypical forms of cutaneous tuberculosis to minimize scarring and dissemination of bacilli.     

免疫调节剂SE抗血吸虫性肝病变的CD+4细胞因子调节动态

目的　进一步研究免疫调节剂SE(含SE - 1和SE - 2 )对感染小鼠诱导的抗肝内血吸虫卵肉芽肿调节效应的动态变化和分子机制。方法　BALB/c小鼠 30只 ,均分 3组 ,2组分别用SE - 1和SE - 2皮下免疫共 3次 ,每次间隔 1w ,总剂量 10 5 μg和 16 0 μg/鼠 ,另为对照组。末次免疫后 10d ,3组每鼠攻击感染尾蚴 30± 2条。在感染后 7～ 11w时 ,剖杀小鼠 :取肝组织 ,制成石腊切片 ,观察和计算肉芽肿大小 ;无菌分离脾淋巴细胞 ,进行培养 ,取上清液测定IL - 2、IL - 4和IL - 10含量水平 (pg/ml)。 结果　小鼠感染后 7～ 11wk时 ,实验鼠肉芽肿的平均面积和体积均显著小于感染对照鼠 (P均 <0 0 1) ,实验组之间无显著性差异 (P均 >0 0 5 ) ;在感染后 7w时 ,实验鼠的IL - 2和IL - 4水平均显著高于对照鼠 ;3组均显示相当高水平的IL - 10 ;在感染后 11w时 ,实验鼠的IL - 10水平显著高于对照鼠 (P均 <0 0 5 )。结论　免疫调节剂SE能诱导明显的抗肝内血吸虫卵肉芽肿效应和血吸虫性纤维化作用 ,其分子机制与Th1型 (IL - 2 )和Th2型 (IL - 4和IL - 10 )细胞因子应答的调节动态密切相关。