RETRACTED ARTICLE: Combined Interventional and Surgical Treatment for Acute Aortic Type A Dissection

Surgical repair and endovascular stent-graft placement are both therapies for thoracic aortic dissection. A combination of these two approaches may be effective in patients with type A dissection. In this study, we evaluated the prognosis of this combined technique. From December 2003 to December 2006, 15 patients with type A dissection were admitted to our institute; clinical data were retrospectively reviewed. Follow-up was performed at discharge and approximately 12 months after operation. Endovascular stent-graft placement by interventional radiology and surgical repair for reconstruction of aortic arch was performed in all patients. Total arch replacement for distal arch aneurysm was carried out under deep hypothermia with circulatory arrest; antegrade-selected cerebral perfusion was used for brain protection. Four patients concomitantly received a coronary artery bypass graft. Hospital mortality rate was 6.7%; the patient died of cerebral infarction. Neurological complications developed in two patients. Multi-detector-row computed tomography scans performed before discharge revealed complete thrombosis of the false lumen in six patients and partial thrombosis in eight patients. At the follow-up examination, complete thrombosis was found in another three patients, aortic rupture, endoleaks, or migration of the stent-graft was not observed and injuries of peripheral organs or anastomotic endoleaks did not occur. For patients with aortic type A dissection, combining intervention and surgical procedures is feasible, and complete or at least partial thrombosis of the false lumen in the descending aorta can be achieved. This combined approach simplified the surgical procedures and shortened the circulatory arrest time, minimizing the necessity for further aortic operation. Jin-Cheng Liu and Jin-Zhou Zhang contributed equally to this work.     

Arterio-Ureteric Fistula Following Iliac Angioplasty

Arterio-ureteric fistulae are rare but can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We describe a novel case in which an arterio-ureteric fistula occurred as a complication following external iliac artery angioplasty and stenting, in a patient who had undergone previous pelvic surgery, radiotherapy, ureteric stenting, and urinary diversion surgery. Prompt recognition enabled successful endovascular management using a covered stent.     

Impact of an endovascular program on the operative experience of abdominal aortic aneurysm in vascular fellowship and general surgery residency

BACKGROUND: This study was performed to determine the impact of an endovascular program (EVP) on open and endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) operations in a residency training institution. METHODS: Over an 8-year period ending in September 2001, hospital records of all patients undergoing open or endovascular AAA repair were retrospectively reviewed. Data were analyzed to determine the changing patterns of case volume, type of operative repair, and complexity of open repair with regards to the training of both general surgical chief residents and vascular fellows. RESULTS: A total of 849 AAA operations were performed during the study period. The initiation of the EVP in 1997 resulted in a steady increase in the total annual AAA cases (P < 0.05), due in part to an increase in endovascular AAA operations despite a decrease in the annual open AAA volume. EVP had a positive impact on the overall operative experience of vascular fellows owing to the large increase in their endovascular AAA experience (annual mean pre-EVP 3 +/- 0.8 versus post-EVP 47 +/- 9.6, P < 0.01). A significant reduction occurred in the vascular fellows' open AAA experience (annual mean pre-EVP 40 +/- 12.7 versus post-EVP 19 +/- 9.4, P < 0.05). EVP did not affect the endovascular AAA experience of general surgery chief residents (annual mean pre-EVP 1 +/- 0.8 versus post-EVP 3 +/- 1.5, not significant). A significant reduction occurred in chief residents' open AAA experience (annual mean pre-EVP 39 +/- 9.7 versus post-EVP 18 +/- 7.4, P < 0.05). EVP did not affect the operative experience of complex open AAA operations in either vascular fellows or general surgery residents. CONCLUSIONS: An endovascular program has a positive impact on the aortic aneurysm practice in an academic institution, as evidenced by the significant increase in annual endovascular AAA cases despite a decrease in open AAA operations. Although vascular fellows continued to maintain sufficient experience in both open and endovascular AAA operations, general surgery chief residents suffered a significant decrease in their open AAA experience. Further evaluation of the residency system is warranted to better optimize the training paradigm of both vascular fellowship and general surgery residency.     

腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤（附91例临床分析）

目的探讨腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤的手术指征、术前评估方法、手术操作技巧、并发症防治原则及临床应用前景.方法回顾性分析本中心1998年9月至2001年7月间采用腔内隔绝术治疗91例Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤的经验.术前CTA或MRA显示夹层动脉瘤最大直径为6.6mm±1.8mm(4.0～10.0mm);70例表现为单一夹层裂口,21例表现为多裂口.手术方法为经股动脉或腹主动脉将移植物导入胸主动脉封闭夹层裂口,手术在DSA监视下完成.结果即时手术成功率为98.9%;70例单一夹层裂口病人中,62例使用了单一移植物,7例使用2个移植物,一例使用3个移植物;21例多夹层裂口者,8例使用2个移植物同时封闭不同部位夹层裂口,12例远端夹层裂口旷置,一例中转开胸手术;6例手术结束时残存Ⅰ型内漏;3例术后近期死亡,其余病例术后无心、肺、肾功能衰竭及截瘫等严重并发症.术后随访1～34个月,一例术后11个月猝死,2例分别于术后14个月和24个月再发Stanford A型胸主夹层瘤而行Bentall手术,其余病人未出现与夹层及手术相关的并发症.结论腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤是一种创伤小、恢复快的新方法,短期的随访结果表明该技术安全、有效;内漏是该方法的主要并发症并可能导致病人术后即期死亡;该方法的远期疗效有待继续随访.     

血管腔内修复治疗主动脉夹层15例早中期结果

目的 开展主动脉夹层血管腔内修复术的临床研究.方法 对2001年1月至2006年12月165例行血管腔内修复术的主动脉夹层患者的早中期结果进行回顾性分析.其中男性145例,女性20例;年龄30～82岁,平均52.8岁.Stanford A型夹层36例,B型夹层121例,主动脉溃疡8例.结果 即时手术成功率99.4%(164/165),术后30 d内漏发生率为7.3%(12/165),神经系统并发症发生率为2.5%(4/165).术后30 d病死率为6.1%(10/165),其中急性期夹层病死率为12.8%,哑急性期夹层1.4%,慢性期夹层7.3%.145例(87.9%)患者获得随访,时间6～75个月,平均28.2个月.假腔内完全血栓形成62例(42.8%),部分血栓形成83例(57.2%).随访期间死亡9例(6.2%).本组1、2、5年总体生存率分别为90.9%、89.0%和86.9%.结论 血管腔内修复术治疗主动脉夹层是一种微创、安全且有效的方法,其长期疗效仍有待进一步观察.     

颈动脉狭窄血管内支架植入和内膜切除术治疗的临床选择

目的 探讨在不同条件下如何合理选择颈动脉狭窄的治疗方式.方法 回顾性分析经颈动脉血管内支架植入术(CAS)和颈动脉内膜切除术(CEA)治疗的133例颈动脉狭窄患者的临床资料.其中46例患者行CAS,87例行CEA.观察两组患者的住院天数和治疗前后的美国国立卫生研究院卒中评分量表(NIHSS)评分、前向血流,治疗前和治疗后1-24个月狭窄处收缩期血流速度峰值及狭窄程度,以及治疗后死亡、脑卒中或心肌梗死等终点事件的发生率.结果 两组住院天数和治疗后NIHSS评分>20层次时差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗前后的前向血流评定差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);多普勒频谱测定两组治疗前后颈动脉狭窄程度有显著性差异(P<0.05);两组治疗后30 d内,终点事件的累计发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);31 d～2年终点事件的累计发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);6个月后再狭窄发生率CAS组高于CEA组.结论 CAS和CEA对颈动脉狭窄的效果无显著差异,狭窄的部位、原因及对侧病变是选择CAS和CEA的重要因素.     

Progress of the treatment for extended aortic aneurysms; is the frozen elephant trunk technique the next standard in the treatment of complex aortic disease including the arch?

Patients with extensive aortic aneurysms involving the ascending aorta, aortic arch, and the descending aorta are still considered to be a challenge for many cardiovascular surgeons. The introduction of the elephant trunk technique by Borst et al. in 1983 has greatly facilitated surgery on this kind of pathology and this technique has been recognized as a standard modality for treatment of extended aortic aneurysms. As a next step, the frozen elephant trunk technique has been introduced in some institutes in the late 1990s. With this technique, surgery is performed through a median sternotomy, and an endovascular stent-graft is placed into the descending aorta in an antegrade fashion through the opened aortic arch. Then the ascending aorta and the aortic arch are replaced conventionally. The frozen elephant trunk technique enables one-stage repair of extended aortic aneurysms in a certain patient cohort with similar operative mortality as with the conventional elephant trunk technique, in which a second-stage operation is a prerequisite. Although the surgical strategy should be adjusted specifically to each patient's individual pathology, the frozen elephant trunk technique may become the next standard treatment for extended aortic aneurysm instead of its conventional variant.     

复杂主动脉病变的腔内血管外科治疗

目的 探讨复杂主动脉病变的腔内血管外科治疗方法。方法 对21例合并有内脏动脉缺血等复杂的主动脉病变,双球管定位下经锁骨上动脉到股动脉交换导丝以确保真腔内植入带膜支架,对真腔完全被假腔压闭的患者采取真腔内加压推进以通过导丝,用超长带膜支架来封堵大破口治疗夹层合并巨大假性动脉瘤形成,对夹层合并腹主动脉瘤患者采取血管腔内技术联合开腹手术等方法。结果 术后内漏3例,其中2例7 d后停止,1例漏血持续存在。3例主动脉创伤术后完全康复,余18例复杂主动脉夹层术后即时造影示瘘口已被完整覆盖,假腔无血漏入,内脏动脉等恢复真腔供血。18例中6例合并肠管缺血,3例合并肾动脉缺血,3例肠管缺血、肾动脉缺血,2例腹主动脉真腔完全被假腔压迫,以及2例合并下肢缺血术后均逐渐恢复,无脏器及肢体缺血坏死发生。2例合并腹主动脉瘤夹层行支架型人工血管封闭夹层破口后行开腹手术切除腹主动脉瘤、人工血管置换。16例随访5～36个月,平均22.3月,1例内漏持续存在,但假腔未继续加大,其余患者存活良好。结论 对复杂的主动脉病变的治疗,通过对腔内血管外科技术进行改进,并适当结合传统手术方法,使某些过去被认为不能够治疗的复杂主动脉病变可得以成功治疗。     

血管腔内技术治疗下腔静脉综合征

目的 探讨血管腔内技术治疗下腔静脉综合征的疗效。方法 2002年6月～2004年11月对17例下腔静脉综合征进行下腔静脉腔内扩张、腔内支架植入术,术后常规抗凝治疗。结果 下腔静脉压力梯度从治疗前（16.8±4.3）mmHg下降到治疗后（2.6±0.6）mm Hg（t=13.280,P=0.001）。IVCS症状评分从治疗前（4.4±1.6）分下降到治疗后（2.1±1.7）分（t=6.880,P=0.010）。下肢肿胀、阴囊或外阴浮肿、腹水和全身浮肿于术后1～4 d后减轻。结论 血管腔内技术治疗下腔静脉综合征疗效可靠。     

血管损伤的腔内治疗体会

目的：探讨腔内血管修复技术治疗血管损伤中的可行性及其疗效。方法：回顾性分析我科2002年6月至2006年8月诊治的血管外伤患者37例中12例接受血管腔内治疗患者的住院和随访资料。12例患者主要的血管病变类型是动静脉瘘、夹层形成、假性动脉瘤和动脉狭窄。其中1例采用球囊扩张合并血管支架植入，其余11例采用覆膜型血管支架植入。结果：技术成功率100％，无围手术死亡和严重并发症，术后症状全部改善。平均随访时间11．5个月。随访期间内无支架移位、内漏、支架内狭窄等并发症。结论：腔内治疗是一种新兴的治疗血管外伤的手段，与传统手术相比具有微创、安全等优点，短期随访效果满意，长期效果仍需继续观察。