脑动脉瘤栓塞疗法完美实施的基础

目的：探索栓塞疗法治疗脑动脉瘤达到理想结果的条件。方法：１９９６年４月至２０００年４月间栓塞治疗３３例动脉瘤患者。以球囊栓塞４例,以机械解脱式钨丝弹簧圈栓塞２０例,以电解脱式铂金弹簧圈栓塞９例。结果：闭塞载瘤动脉４例,１００％闭塞８例,９５％闭塞１５例,９０％闭塞６例。无手术并发症。随访（门诊或信访）３３例无再出血。造影随访８例,其中术后１个月复查造影的２例均保持术后栓塞程度,术后３个月复查的３例     

Ten-Year Clinical Follow-Up Following Bare-Nitinol Stent Implantation for Femoropopliteal Artery Disease

Aim: More than 5-year clinical outcomes after femoropopliteal (FP) stenting with bare-nitinol stent (BNS) have not yet been unclear. We investigate the long-term patency and mortality following FP stenting with BNS. Methods: This study was a multicenter retrospective study of a prospectively maintained database. From April 2004 to December 2011, 1824 consecutive patients (2211 limbs) who underwent FP stenting with BNS for de novo lesions were selected and analyzed. Primary endpoint was primary patency which was defined as treated vessel without restenosis and reintervention and its associated factors. Results: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and dialysis was 60.5% and 23.8%, respectively. Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) accounted for 30.8%. Chronic total occlusion (CTO) was found in 52.7%, and lesion length was more than 20 cm in 22.6%. During the median follow-up of 3.8 years (interquartile range, 1.4 to 7.4 years), 1049 cases lost patency, whereas 355 cases were dead without experiencing loss of patency. The primary patency (95% CI) was estimated to be 74.8%, 47.3% and 29.1% at 1-, 5- and 10-year. On multivariate analysis, female sex, age ≥ 80 years, diabetes, dialysis, CLTI, CTO, arterial calcification, long lesion (＞20 cm), and small vessel (≤ 4 mm) were the independent predictors of primary patency after FP stenting. In addition, the prognostic impact of age ≥ 80 years, CLTI, and arterial calcification was significantly attenuated afterwards (P＜0.05). Conclusions: Ten-year patency after BNS implantation for FP disease has been continuously reducing up to 10 years and the prognostic impact of risk factors was changed over time.     

Annual Case Volume and One-Year Mortality for Endovascular Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke

BackgroundThe association between endovascular treatment (EVT) case volume per hospital and clinical outcomes has been reported, but the exact volume threshold has not been determined. This study aimed to examine the case volume threshold in this context.MethodsNational audit data on the quality of acute stroke care in patients admitted via emergency department, within 7 days of onset, in hospitals that treated ≥ 10 stroke cases during the audit period were analyzed. Ischemic stroke cases treated with EVT during the last three audits (2013, 2014, and 2016) were selected for the analysis. Annual EVT case volume per hospital was estimated and analyzed as a continuous and a categorical variable (in quartiles). The primary outcome measure was 1-year mortality as a surrogate of 3-month functional outcome. As post-hoc sensitivity analysis, replication of the study results was examined using the 2018 audit data.ResultsWe analyzed 1,746 ischemic stroke cases treated with EVT in 120 acute care hospitals. The median annual EVT case volume was 12.0 cases per hospital, and mortality rates at 1 month, 3 months, and 1 year were 12.7%, 16.6%, and 23.3%, respectively. Q3 and Q4 had 33% lower odds of 1-year mortality than Q1. Adjustments were made for predetermined confounders. Annual EVT case volume cut-off value for 1-year mortality was 15 cases per year (P < 0.02). The same cut-off value was replicated in the sensitivity analysis.ConclusionAnnual EVT case volume was associated with 1-year mortality. The volume threshold per hospital was 15 cases per year.     

药物降压配合腰麻-硬膜外联合阻滞麻醉用于主动脉腔内隔绝术

目的探讨药物降压配合腰麻-硬膜外联合阻滞麻醉应用于主动脉腔内隔绝术(EVGE)的可行性。方法对我院70例Stanford B型夹层动脉瘤患者采用药物降压配合腰麻-硬膜外联合阻滞麻醉,回顾性分析其临床监测指标。结果全部患者在腰麻-硬膜外联合阻滞麻醉下顺利完成手术,除1例在ICU中因动脉瘤体内压较高致瘤体破裂而死亡外,余皆存活。全组患者血压控制满意,未出现严重心律失常,亦无麻醉意外发生。术后无硬膜外血肿等椎管内麻醉并发症。结论严格控制阻滞平面和血压,腰麻-硬膜外联合阻滞麻醉用于EVGE安全可行。     

腔内修复术治疗DeBakey Ⅲ型主动脉夹层动脉瘤中远期疗效评价

目的 探讨腔内修复术治疗DeBakey Ⅲ型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的中远期疗效.方法 2000年11月至2006年2月,行腔内修复术治疗DeBakey Ⅲ型主动脉夹层动脉瘤56例.所有患者随访21～84个月,平均(52±8)个月,术后1周及术后每年均行螺旋CT检查,分析其临床特点及治疗效果.结果 55例(98.2%)临床成功,2例(3.6%)术后出现一过性肾功能不全,术后30 d内1例(1.8%)死于多器官功能衰竭,,随访期间1例(1.8%)死于脑出血.结论 腔内修复术创伤小,痊愈快,并发症少,应视为DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的首选治疗方法.     

胸主动脉腔内修复术采用裙边型烟囱支架（Longuette™）的PATENCY临床试验研究结果

背景与目的 烟囱技术是胸主动脉腔内修复术（TEVAR）中重建左锁骨下动脉（LSA）的方法,Ⅰa型内漏是其主要并发症。裙边型烟囱支架（Longuette?）专为烟囱技术设计,用于重建LSA时降低Ⅰa型内漏。为评估Longuette?烟囱支架联合TEVAR治疗累及LSA的Stanford B型主动脉夹层（TBAD）的疗效,笔者开展了前瞻性、多中心临床试验（PATENCY临床试验）。本研究总结PATENCY临床试验的1年结果和经验。方法 2018年10月—2022年3月,全国26家血管外科中心参与PATENCY临床试验,共纳入150例符合标准的TBAD患者。所有患者均在TEVAR术中采用Longuette?烟囱支架重建LSA。评估患者围手术期和术后12个月的临床效果和不良事件,并分析患者术后1年累积生存率、LSA通畅率和无内漏率。结果 患者年龄30~77岁,平均（54.48±11.12）岁,138例（92.0%）患者合并高血压病;急性、亚急性和慢性TBAD分别占74.7%,17.3%和8.0%。124例（82.7%）患者采用全身麻醉。手术成功率为99.33%（149/150）,手术时间（91.67±41.47）min,X线暴露时间（31.36±16.71）min,手术出血量为（71.55±60.40）mL。围手术期内漏发生率为5.33%（8/150）,包括Ⅰ型6例、Ⅱ型1例、Ⅳ型1例;1例（0.67%）患者发生Longuette?烟囱支架急性闭塞,再次实施腔内手术后恢复通畅;1例（0.67%）患者术后发生急性脑梗死;2例（1.33%）患者术后发生逆撕的Stanford A型主动脉夹层,其中1例术后3周死亡。术后30 d死亡2例（1.33%）。142例患者进行了密切随访,随访时间为11.67（5~16）个月。无主动脉支架和Longuette?烟囱支架移位。2例Ⅰ型内漏患者分别于术后6个月和1年进行了再次介入栓塞手术治疗,术后1年随访仍有6例患者有轻微的内漏持续存在,患者TBAD假腔保持稳定,无明显症状,均予以保守治疗。Longuette?烟囱支架内狭窄和闭塞分别发生1例和2例,逆撕的Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者1例,假腔增大,患者均无明显症状,予以保守治疗。无发生脑卒中、截瘫、左上肢缺血等并发症。术后12个月累积生存率、LSA通畅率、无内漏率分别为97.96%、97.96%和91.91%。结论 采用Longuette?烟囱支架在TBAD腔内治疗中重建LSA简便、安全、有效,其能够有效降低围手术期Ⅰa型内漏的发生率,为微创治疗主动脉弓部病变提供新的治疗方式。     

Onyx embolization of a spinal epidural hemorrhage caused by thoracic spinal epidural arteriovenous fistula: A case report and literature review

Spinal epidural hemorrhages (SEDH) caused by spinal epidural arteriovenous fistulas (SEAVFs) are rare; thus, their specific pathogenesis has not been explained. Furthermore, the standard treatment for SEAVFs has not yet been defined. Here we report the case of a 36-year-old Chinese man who experienced acute onset chest pain and tightness. His symptoms rapidly aggravated until the lower limbs were unable to support him. Spinal magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) revealed a localized SEAVF and a secondary spinal cord lesion at the T4 level. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) confirmed the presence of the SEDH/SEAVF at the T3–4 level with the left radicular artery feeding the fistula. Based on DSA and MRA findings, SEDH, local spinal cord infarction, and spinal venous reflux disorder were conditionally diagnosed. Using the arterial route, Onyx-34 was injected into the fistula to embolize the feeding arteries and the venous system. Angiography was performed after the microcatheter was withdrawn, and no residual fistula or anterior spinal artery was observed. The six-week follow-up MRI showed acceptable healing of the SEAVF, and the patient improved neurologically. This case suggests that endovascular treatment with Onyx-34 embolization should be considered a promising treatment strategy for this type of complicated SEAVF.     

介入法制作犬颅内动脉瘤模型

目的运用介入方法建立犬颅内动脉分叉部囊状动脉瘤模型。方法6条犬全麻后,采用血管内介入方法,用冠状动脉球囊导管扩张右颈总动脉近段,再用可脱球囊于扩张段远端将其栓塞,制作成6个分叉部动脉瘤。分别于术后1、2、3d行DSA检查并切除动脉瘤做病理组织学检查。结果6条犬成功获得6个动脉瘤模型。动脉瘤的平均宽度和平均长度在3d内逐渐减少。结论犬动脉瘤模型较好地模拟了人颅内动脉瘤大小、形态及DSA表现,可用于介入治疗新材料、新技术的实验研究。本动脉瘤模型的建立快速、可靠、可重复性强。     

血管介入手术机器人系统关键技术及研发现状

血管介入治疗作为一种微创治疗方法已被血管外科、心血管内外科及神经内外科等不同学科所广泛应用.传统血管介入手术依靠透视下手对导管导丝的操作,可持续性及精确性存在一定问题;同时操作者在长期X射线暴露及铅防护围裙负重中承担了较高的职业危害风险.血管介入机器人系统具有明显减少操作者X射线暴露、成像定位精准、操作准确稳定的优点,...     

两种方法治疗颅内动脉瘤疗效比较

目的 比较神经外科手术夹闭与血管内介入术治疗颅内动脉瘤的疗效.方法 回顾性分析110例颅内动脉瘤患者的临床资料,按治疗方法不同分为介入组(55例,行血管内介入治疗)、手术组(55例,行神经外科手术夹闭治疗),术后随访1～4个月,即时进行术后疗效评价,采用中国脑卒中量表(CSS)和日常生活能力(ADL)两项评分进行预后评价.结果 术后即时疗效:介入组显效40例、有效10例、无效5例、总有效率90.9％,手术组分别为32例、10例、13例、76.4％,两组总有效率差异有统计学意义(x2=3.96,P＜0.05).术后随访,两组CSS和ADL评分均较治疗前明显降低(t=9.12、8.05,均P＜0.05)；介入组较手术组降低更明显(t=7.35、5.67,均P＜0.05).结论 行血管内介入治疗颅内动脉瘤可提高临床疗效和患者生活自理能力,明显改善预后.