Combined surgical approach to intralabyrinthine schwannoma

IntroductionIntralabyrinthine schwannoma (ILS) is a tumor originating from the Schwann cells in the inner ear. Various surgical approaches can be used for the resection of ILS. The aim of this report is to describe a case involving a 60-year-old man who was treated successfully with a combined surgical approach.Case reportThe patient underwent a combined microscopic (transmastoid labyrinthectomy) and endoscopic procedure for surgical excision of ILS involving the vestibule and the lower half of the cochlear basal turn. The combined surgical technique enabled a complete removal of the ILS without removal of the unaffected cochlea as well as the external auditory canal. Besides additional exclusion of the middle ear, blind-sac closure of the external auditory canal and cavity obliteration were avoided. No postoperative complications were observed.DiscussionA combined microscopic and endoscopic approach to surgery enables removal of the ILS involving the vestibule and the lower half of the cochlear basal turn while helping to reduce surgical radicality.     

经腋窝无充气后入路腔镜甲状腺手术的“场景化”辅助操作

随着腔镜甲状腺手术的发展及推广,经腋窝腔镜甲状腺手术无疑被证实是一种安全、可行的手术方式。其中,经腋窝无充气后入路腔镜甲状腺手术（GTPET）因无充气干扰的清晰视野,已被广泛接纳并采用。但因其侧面观视角、镜头与器械共用手术空间的特点,使手术操作存在固有难点。为解决腔镜操作中视角配合问题,有团队应用扶镜机器人,但对于GTPET这种操作范围较小的手术方式,手术视角及操作仍依赖于术者及扶镜手的配合。为克服GTPET操作中的难点,笔者引入“场景化”操作理念,从扶镜手的角度出发,通过三部分规范GTPET手术过程中扶镜手的操作流程。一为手术前准备：规范患者体位摆放及扶镜手位置;二为扶镜手操作要点：概括为“一支点”“二入路”“三平行”;三为“四宫格”法镜下视野场景化辅助操作：将手术区域划分为I～Ⅳ区,据此引导手术操作。     

Development of a Swine Benign Biliary Stricture Model Using Endoscopic Biliary Radiofrequency Ablation

The large animal model with benign biliary stricture (BBS) is essential to undergo experiment on developing new devices and endoscopic treatment. This study conducted to establish a clinically relevant porcine BBS model by means of endobiliary radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) was performed on 12 swine. The animals were allocated to three groups (60, 80, and 100 W) according to the electrical power level of RFA electrode. Endobiliary RFA was applied to the common bile duct for 60 seconds using an RFA catheter that was endoscopically inserted. ERC was repeated two and four weeks, respectively, after the RFA to identify BBS. After the strictures were identified, histologic evaluations were performed. On the follow-up ERC two weeks after the procedure, a segmental bile duct stricture was observed in all animals. On microscopic examination, severe periductal fibrosis and luminal obliteration with transmural inflammation were demonstrated. Bile duct perforations occurred in two pigs (100 W, n = 1; 80 W, n = 1) but there were no major complications in the 60 W group. The application of endobiliary RFA with 60 W electrical power resulted in a safe and reproducible swine model of BBS.     

偏心导杆结合可视化椎间孔成形技术在腰椎间盘切除术中的临床应用

目的 探讨偏心导杆结合可视化椎间孔成形技术在经皮内镜下腰椎间盘切除术(PELD)中的临床应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2017年1—10月河北医科大学第三医院脊柱外科采用PELD治疗腰椎间盘突出症患者的临床资料。其中男15例,女15例;年龄39～61(48.57±5.91)岁。病变部位:L_4～5 17例, L₅～S₁ 13例。按手术方式不同分为TESSYS组和I see组:采用椎间孔入路脊柱内镜系统技术15例纳入TESSYS组,采用偏心导杆结合可视化椎间孔成形技术15例纳入I see组。比较两组患者导管置入时间、术中放射线暴露时间、减压操作时间、上关节突切除率,术前、术后即刻及术后3、6、12个月腰、腿部视觉模拟评分(VAS)、Oswertry功能障碍指数(ODI)、日本骨科协会(JOA)评分,以及术后12个月MacNab标准评定的疗效。结果 两组患者均顺利完成手术。I see组的导管置入时间和术中放射线暴露时间分别为(16.73±2.46)min、(38.15±5.72)s,均少于TESSYS组的(19.87±3.79)min、(49.79±7.40)s;I see组上关节突切除率为32.25%±1.12%,大于TESSYS组的12.02%±0.67%:差异均有统计学意义(t=2.682、4.820、38.890,P值均＜0.05)。两组术中减压操作时间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。两组组内比较:术后不同时间腰、腿痛的VAS以及ODI均比术前减少,JOA评分均比术前增加,差异均有统计学意义(F_{I see组}=167.298、268.815、7 271.864、316.342,F_TESSYS组=168.759、341.300、1 368.354、141.090,P值均＜0.01)。I see组与TESSYS组比较:术后不同时间腰、腿痛的VAS、ODI、JOA评分差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05)。术后12个月采用MacNab评定标准评定疗效,I see组优8例、良4例、可3例,TESSY组优7例、良6例、可6例,两组间比较差异无统计学意义(Z=0.114,P＞0.05)。结论 对于腰椎间盘突出症,偏心导杆结合可视化椎间孔成形技术是一个有效且安全的椎间孔成形方法;采用该技术行PELD,可获得与TESSYS技术相同的疗效,同时减少术中导管置入时间、放射线暴露时间、上关节突切除率。     

影像导航引导鼻内镜下前颅底骨化纤维瘤切除术

目的 探讨影像导航系统在经鼻内镜切除前颅底骨化纤维瘤手术中的作用。方法 选择影像导航引导下经鼻内镜手术切除累积眶纸板、颅底骨质的筛窦骨化纤维瘤12例男性患者,初次手术9例,复发病例3例。术前行鼻窦CT连续扫描,骨算法,层厚1mm。结果 CT显示所有病例筛骨水平板、眶纸板受累。4例前界至额隐窝前缘（鼻骨后）;6例累及眶尖与蝶窦外侧壁交界处：1例广泛累及上颔骨、蝶骨大翼、蝶鞍和斜坡。11例彻底切除病灶,1例（病变广泛者）切除大部分肿瘤。平均手术时间3．2小时,影像导航配准过程平均25分钟。1例术中并发脑脊液漏,术中鼻内镜下修补成功;3例术中损伤眶纸板,无手术及术后并发症。术后随访5个月～4年,姑息手术病例肿瘤生长缓慢,其余病例无复发,症状明显改善。结论 借助影像导航引导,经鼻内镜手术切除累及眶纸板、前颅底骨质的骨化纤维瘤,具有一定优势,但病灶不应广泛侵及额隐窝、蝶骨及斜坡。     

导航引导下内镜扩大经鼻蝶窦入路切除鞍上区和第三脑室内颅咽管瘤

目的 探讨导航引导下完全内镜扩大经鼻蝶窦入路切除位于鞍上区和第三脑室内颅咽管瘤的可行性和有效性.方法 采用内镜扩大经鼻蝶窦入路、术中导航引导下切除3例位于鞍上区和第三脑室内的颅咽管瘤.结果 3例颅咽管瘤全切,手术效果好.术后随访10-14个月,患者生活正常,需要激素替代治疗.结论 内镜扩大经鼻蝶窦入路可以安全有效地切除位于鞍上区、第三脑室内的颅咽管瘤,这种手术方式不需要牵拉脑组织,并能完全暴露视交叉后、下方区域,在直视下操作,有利于对下丘脑、垂体柄及其他重要结构的保护.对于选择性的颅咽管瘤病例,内镜扩大经鼻蝶窦入路是切除肿瘤的一种新型微创手术入路.神经导航可以验证解剖标记点,引导手术方向,增加手术安全性.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of image -guided extended endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach(EEETA) for the removal of craniopharyngiomas in the suprasellar region and third ventricle. Method A pure EEETA with image -guided system was used. Three patients with a craniopharyngioma involving the suprasellar region and third ventricle were treated. Results Total craniopharyngioma removal was achieved in three cases. All the patients recovered uneventfully. The follow - up study was carried out for 10 to 14 months with good outcomes. Compensatory endocrine substitution therapy was needed in all of them. Conclusions The EEETA for removal of craniopharyngiomas in the suprasellar region and third ventricle is feasible and effective. It has the advantages of no needing for brain retraction,offering panoramic view of retrochiasmatic and infrachiasmatic regions,manipulating under direct vision and protecting hypothalamus,pituitary stalk and other vital structures. The EEETA is a novel and minimally invasive approach for selected cases of craniopharyngioma. Neuronavigation plays an important role in identifying anatomic landmarks,guiding surgical direction and increasing safety of the operations.     

神经内镜下寰枕部减压手术治疗Chiari畸形

目的 探讨神经内镜下寰枕减压手术治疗Chiari畸形的手术方法和临床疗效.方法 对23例经MRI确诊为Chiari畸形但不伴有寰枢锥脱位和齿突凹陷的患者在神经内镜下进行了寰枕减压手术,并进行疗效观察.结果 23例术后随访0.5-3.0年,原有症状均有不同程度改善,感觉障碍程度减轻,肢体肌力有所增强.无手术后并发症.术前合并脊髓空洞症的16例患者中,术后7例空洞消失,8例范围缩小,1例范围无明显变化.结论 神经内镜下寰枕减压手术治疗Chiari畸形方法可行,手术安全、有效、创伤小、疗效满意.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the methods and effectiveness to treat Chiari malformation with the surgical decompression of the foramen magnum under endoscope. Method 23 cases with Chiari malformation.(without atlanto- axialdislocation and basilar invagination) diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging( MRI)were operated with the surgical decompression of the foramen magnum under the endoscope. Results 23 cases were followed- up 0. 5 -3. 0, years after operation, all the symptoms and signs were remarkably relieved after the operation. No complications was found. In 16 cases with spinal cavities,7 cases spinal cavities disappeared and scases deflated,l case no evident change. Conclusions The endoscope -assisted decompression of the foramen magnum is a safe and effective surgical method to treat Chairi malformation.     

单气囊小肠镜在小肠疾病诊治中的价值

目的评价单气囊小肠镜(Single balloon enteroscope,SBE)在小肠疾病诊断和治疗中的安全性及临床价值。 方法对2012年1月1日～2014年6月1日期间在我院行SBE检查的患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,总结检查完成情况、操作时间、内镜诊断以及并发症发生情况等。 结果138例患者共行157次SBE检查。经口检查77例次;经肛检查80例次;经口联合经肛检查14例。共99例发现病变,疾病检出率为71.7%(99/138)。经口进镜检查平均用时45.5 min,经肛进镜检查平均用时50.3 min。所有患者检查过程中生命体征处于安全范围,无心脑血管并发症发生,无剧烈腹痛及出血、穿孔等并发症出现。 结论SBE可以安全,高效的完成小肠疾病的诊治,相信随着临床经验的积累,SBE会在小肠疾病的诊断中发挥更大的作用。     

Real-Time Video-Assisted Retrieval of Airway Foreign Body in Very Young Pediatric Patients

Objectives

Advancements in medical endoscopy and techniques of rigid bronchoscopy for foreign body removal have enabled higher diagnostic accuracy, reduced morbidity and precise manipulation. However, in pediatric patients, endoscope-combined forceps may be too big to fit into the small sized airway. Here we present our method of endoscope assisted rigid bronchoscopy in pediatric patients and compare the clinical benefits with conventional naked-eye rigid bronchoscopy.

Methods

We used a 2.7 mm, 0° straight endoscope and small caliber grasping forceps with 3.0 to 4.5 mm sized rigid bronchoscopy for very young (<3 years of age) patients of foreign body aspiration. As an assistant held the rigid bronchoscope in situ, the operator could manipulate the endoscope and forceps bimanually. With endoscopic guidance, the foreign body retrieval was performed carefully. The clinical advantages were compared between our endoscope-assisted method (n=29) and the conventional bronchoscopy method (n=33) in terms of operation time and recovery (hospital stay).

Results

Bimanual endoscope-assisted rigid bronchoscopy method was technically feasible and safe. The operation time was less, compared to the conventional technique and the patients recovered more quickly. In all cases, our method completely removed the foreign body without need of a second bronchoscopy procedure.

Conclusion

Bimanual endoscope-assisted retrieval of airway foreign body in very young age pediatric patients was superior to the conventional naked-eye method concerning accurate manipulation and safety.     

内镜甲状腺切除术16例分析

目的：应用内镜外科技术进行甲状腺切除,以探讨创伤小,美观的甲状腺切除新技术。方法：回顾性总结16例内镜甲状腺切除术的方法及经验,并对其适应证和禁忌证进行探讨。结果：甲状腺左全叶切除7例,左侧大部切除2例,甲状腺右全叶切除2例,右侧大部切除2例以及峡部切除3例,手术成功15例,同常规手术相比,内镜甲状腺切除有明显的美容效果,患者术后迅速恢复正常活动。结论：由于内窥镜的放大作用,术野组织结构清晰,由此可以避免喉返神经及甲状旁腺的损伤,同时由于手术创口小,具有明显的美容效果。