经内镜钛镍记忆合金支架治疗恶性胆总管梗阻的体会

目的观察经内镜钛镍记忆合金支架治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的治疗效果。方法采用国厂钛镍记忆合金胆管支架经内镜置入治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸34例。结果成功置入33例,成功率97．5％。引流后总胆红素明显下降。结论内镜置入钛镍记忆合金胆管支架治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸疗效确切。     

半椎板切除联合胸(腹)腔镜技术治疗胸腰椎管哑铃形肿瘤

目的 探讨后正中椎板切除联合胸(腹)腔镜手术切除胸腰椎管哑铃形肿瘤的方法与可行性.方法 应用半椎板切除联合胸(腹)腔镜技术一期对4例胸腰椎管哑铃形肿瘤施行了手术.先通过神经外科显微手术切除椎管内肿瘤.再经胸(腹)腔镜切除胸腹腔椎旁肿瘤.结果 肿瘤全切3例,次全切1例.手术耗时4-6h,出血量100-200ml.术后临床症状明显改善,无手术并发症.术后随访6个月-3年未见肿瘤生长或复发.结论 后正中入路联合胸(腹)腔镜手术一期切除胸腰椎管哑铃形肿瘤创伤小,术后疼痛轻,并发症少,是一种较为理想的手术方法.     

内窥镜在支撑喉镜暴露困难声带病变中的应用

目的探讨内窥镜在支撑喉镜不能暴露声带手术中的应用。方法在支撑喉镜难以暴露术野不能行喉显微手术的29例病例,联合应用0°、30°鼻内窥镜下切除声带肿物。结果声带息肉15例,声带小结8例,声带囊肿3例,喉室囊肿1例,声带白斑1例,任克水肿1例。随访3周至3个月,有效率100％,无并发症。结论在支撑喉镜难以暴露术野的病例,联合应用鼻内窥镜能很好地暴露术区,特别是喉室、前联合及声带下面等支撑喉镜不易暴露的部位,有利于顺利精确的完成手术,降低复发率,是一项值得推广的声带微创手术技术。     

The role of the endoscope in the transsphenoidal management of cystic lesions of the sellar region

Cystic mass lesions within the sella turcica are common, and they include cystic pituitary adenomas, craniopharyngiomas, Rathke’s cleft cysts, arachnoid cysts, and other entities. Until recently, such lesions were typically removed by a microsurgical transsphenoidal route. Given the increased use of the endoscope in transsphenoidal surgery, we evaluated the potential benefits of this tool in the treatment of such lesions. Between January 1997 and March 2005, 76 consecutive patients with sellar–suprasellar cystic lesions treated in three Neurosurgical Divisions underwent transsphenoidal removal in which the endoscope was used at least during the sellar step of the procedure (endoscope-assisted or fully endoscopic). The series consisted of 26 pituitary macroadenomas, 20 Rathke’s cleft cysts, 18 craniopharyngiomas, 10 arachnoid cysts, one craniopharyngioma associated with an adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting adenoma, and one chordoid glioma. Rigid 4-mm endoscopes (0°, 30°, and/or 45°) were used, and the advantages and limits of the endoscope during the sellar step of the procedure were recorded. Endoscopic exploration after lesion evacuation was generally easier and of greatest efficacy when the residual cystic cavity was larger as opposed to smaller. The use of angled endoscopes was optimal in larger residual cavities. Early descent of the suprasellar cistern, bleeding inside the residual cyst cavity, and a small sella were the most common causes preventing thorough exploration of the residual cavity after its evacuation. In no cases did the endoscope cause injury during the sellar cavity exploration. Endoscopic exploration of the sellar cavity during transsphenoidal surgery offers both general and specific advantages in the treatment of a variety of different cystic sellar lesions. Its routine use during transsphenoidal surgery for such lesions is recommended to achieve maximal and safe tumor removal.     

经内镜置入记忆金属支架治疗食管癌性狭窄11例

目的 探索治疗晚期食管癌狭窄的内镜介入治疗方法，提高患生存质量。方法 11例均为晚期食管癌患，无法进行手术及放疗，采用内镜介入下放置国产钛镍网状带膜记忆金属支架，在X线透视下准确将支架植入食管癌性狭窄段，由于记忆金属对温度反应的特点，3-7d后支架均能完全张开，无需再次手术进行其他扩张治疗，从而重建患的吞咽通道，使患在有限的生存期内能够经口饮食。结果 11例患支架置入均获成功，术后即可进食半流饮食，解除食管梗阻有效率达到100%。结论 该治疗方法简便、安全，支架置入成功后，大多数患能重建有效的进食通道，从而改善患生存质量，延长生存时间，并为化疗或放疗提供了机会。     

无注气式甲状腺内镜下手术的围手术期护理

目的研究无注气式甲状腺内镜下手术的围手术期护理要点。方法对采用无注气式甲状腺内镜手术的36例患者实施相应护理。结果36例甲状腺肿物患者行非注气式内镜手术后,无一例发生并发症,随访6～48个月,均取得满意的治疗和美容效果。结论术前加强心理护理,术后加强切口及呼吸道的护理,密切观察有无低钙血症、甲状腺危象等并发症,有利于患者康复。     

经内镜放置自膨式不带膜金属支架治疗胆管中下段恶性狭窄的疗效观察

目的　观察经内镜放置不带膜自膨式金属支架治疗胆管中下段恶性狭窄的效果。方法　对我院收治的晚期恶性肿瘤伴阻塞性黄疸且无法切除的 16例患者采用内镜置入不带膜自膨式金属支架治疗的结果进行回顾性分析。结果　 15例 (94 % )成功置入不带膜自膨式金属支架 ,内引流通畅 ,置入不带膜自膨式金属支架后 7d及14d复查肝功能和B超 ,总胆红素、直接胆红素、转氨酶均较治疗前明显降低 (P<0 .0 1) ,胆总管直径明显变细 (P<0 .0 1)。其中 6例 3周内恢复正常。早期并发症 (置入不带膜金属支架后 7d内 ) :1例出现轻度急性胰腺炎 ,1例出现急性胆管炎 ,经抗感染及对症治疗后好转。平均存活时间为 186 .93d(5 4～ 4 2 6d) ,平均支架引流有效期为15 6d(5 1～ 4 2 6d) ,有 3例 (2 0 % )发生支架堵塞。结论　经内镜放置不带膜自膨式金属支架是治疗胆管中下段恶性狭窄的较理想方法。     

CT及ERCP在早期胰腺癌诊断中的应用价值

目的:探讨早期胰腺癌CT及ERCP影像学的价值。方法:回顾分析经手术病理证实的早期胰腺癌的CT、ERCP特征,CT平扫及增强检查15例,ERCP检查10例,同时完成2项检查8例,结果:本组15例患者中,胰头癌11例,CT平扫及增强均示胰头形态、边缘、密度的改变,并对胆胰管扩张显示良好;2例无阳性发现(ERCP显示为阳性)。10例ERCP检查,均显示胰管闭塞、狭窄、破坏、以及胆总管扩张的改变。结论:CT、ERCP在早期胰腺癌的显示各有特点,两者结合应用,有助于诊断和鉴别诊断。     

经鼻-蝶窦入路的内镜鞍周解剖学研究

目的 通过经鼻蝶窦入路的内窥镜解剖学研究，为临床内镜经蝶手术提供形态学基础。方法 在10具已经动脉灌注染料的成人尸头上模拟扩大经鼻蝶窦手术入路，同时测量海绵窦内重要结构与鞍底的距离。结果 根据蝶窦后壁的骨性结构特征将蝶窦腔分为中间腔、旁中间腔及外侧腔5部分。扩大经蝶手术入路可清晰显示鞍底的骨膜、硬脑膜外层、海绵窦内侧壁，海绵窦内的颈内动脉及其分支血管、动眼神经、滑车神经、外展神经及眼神经等结构；打开堞骨平台可显示视神经、视交叉、垂体柄、鞍隔及视丘下部等解剖结构。结论 内窥镜扩大经鼻蝶手术入路可清晰显露蝶鞍周围的解剖结构，可适用于鞍旁、鞍上病变的手术治疗。