情绪智力与大学生焦虑、抑郁和心境的关系研究

自Ｇｏｌｅｍａｎ《情绪智力》[1] 一书出版以来 ,情绪智力一词已为很多人所熟悉。情绪智力一般被定义为个体适应性地知觉、理解、调节和利用自己及他人的情绪的能力[2 - 3] 。虽然情绪智力有时被当作能力(或智力 )看待[2 ,4 ] ,有时则被认为是个性特质[5- 8] ,但研究者都相信情绪智力对于个体在现实生活中取得成功起着十分重要的作用[1] 。关于情绪智力常见的一个命题是个体情绪智力越高越能体会到情绪上的幸福感 (Ｅｍｏｔｉｏｎａｌｗｅｌｌ -ｂｅｉｎｇ) [1- 2 ] 。为了回答这个问题 ,本研究拟探讨情绪智力与大学生焦虑、抑郁和心境的关…     

Bilateral receptive field neurons in the hindlimb region of the postcentral somatosensory cortex in awake macaque monkeys

Single-neuron activities were recorded in the hindlimb region of the primary somatosensory cortex and part of area 5 in awake Japanese monkeys. A total of 1050 units were isolated from five hemispheres of four animals. Receptive fields (RFs) and submodalities were identified for 90% of isolated neurons in areas 3a and 3b. The percentage decreased as the recoding site moved to the more caudal areas. Deep or skin submodality neurons were dominant in area 3a or area 3b, respectively. Deep submodality neurons increased in more caudal areas and were the majority in areas 2 and 5. These observations were consistent with those in the hand and/or digit or arm and/or trunk region. The identified neurons were classified by their RF positions into four types: the foot, leg, foot and leg, or hindlimb and other body parts type. Among 831 identified neurons, 33 neurons had bilateral RFs, 14 had ipsilateral RFs, and the rest (N=784) had contralateral RFs. The relative incidence of neurons with bilateral or ipsilateral RFs among identified neurons was less than 1% in areas 3a, 3b, and 1, and 16% or 25% in areas 2 or 5, respectively. Within areas 2 and 5, the percentage of neurons with bilateral or ipsilateral RFs was significantly smaller in the foot type (5%) than in other RF types (24-57%). RFs of the foot type were on the sole or single toe but never on multiple toes. These observations contrasted with the previous findings that neurons with bilateral RFs were more frequently seen in the hand and/or digit region and that RFs on multiple digit tips were dominant there. The present study thus demonstrated that neurons with bilateral RFs do exist in the hindlimb region. Similarly to the forelimb region, they were found mostly in areas 2 and 5, the caudalmost areas of the postcentral gyrus and hierarchically higher stages in information processing. The relative paucity of neurons with bilateral RFs on the foot, especially those with RFs on multiple toes, may reflect functional differences between the foot and the hand.     

Freshly isolated mouse 4F7+ splenic dendritic cells process and present exogenous antigens to T cells

The antibody 4F7 was reported to recognize an epitope expressed on dendritic cells (DC) from various tissues. To study the ability of splenic 4F7⁺ dendritic cells to process antigen for presentation to CD4⁺ T cells, DC were enriched using a separation procedure avoiding overnight culture which could lead to an altered phenotype. These DC were used as antigen-presenting cells (APC) in stimulation cultures of major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted T cells. It was found that they induce antigen-dependent lymphokine production by T cells and therefore could present exogenous antigens. These processing takes place intracellularly, because fixation abrogates presentation to T cells. Moreover, antigen presentation needs intracellular processing within endo- or lysosomes as chloroquine-treatment prevents T cell activation. Titration of APC numbers revealed that contaminating APC most likely did not account for antigen-specific T cell activation by DC. No evidence was found for release of antigenic peptides or for partial antigen processing possibly done by cell surface located enzymes on DC. In conclusion, these results indicate that freshly enriched DC are able to process antigens similarly to other APC.     

Electrodermal Lability and Visual Information Processing

Individual differences in electrodermal lability have been related to performance in vigilance and reaction time tasks. The goal of the present study was to employ an "additive factors" approach to identify the stages of information processing that might underlie these effects. Nineteen labile and 17 stabile subjects performed a choice reaction time task in which a visual imperative stimulus was presented under two conditions of intensity (presumed to affect the speed of pre-processing operations) X three conditions of degradation (which influences later encoding processes related to feature extraction). Measures of both reaction time and movement time were obtained. The major findings were: (a) labile subjects had faster reaction times than stabiles, and (b) lability interacted significantly with stimulus degradation. Labiles also tended (p less than .10) to have faster movement times. This pattern indicates that labiles and stabiles differ in the performance of later encoding operations, and possibly in the speed of motor processes as well. However, they do not appear to differ in the early pre-processing of the simple physical attributes of a stimulus.     

股骨CT图像轮廓跟踪方法

目的 为重建和测量股骨的解剖结构，需要大量地读取CT图像的信息，以获得股骨轮廓的坐标值。方法本研究采用直方图阈值图像分割、Kirsh边缘提取法获得股骨的二值化轮廓图像。结果轮廓坐标的提取应用了“迷宫”边缘跟踪算法。结论本方法可大量、快捷、正确地提取图像轮廓信息。     

New algorithmic-based digital filter processing system for real-time continuous blood pressure measurement and analysis in conscious rats

A new algorithmic-based digital filter processing system for real-time continuous blood pressure (BP) measurement and analysis in freely-moving conscious rats has been developed. Real-time recognition of BP waveforms, real-time noise rejection and determination of representative waveform indexes (WIs) at indicated time points using digital filters and Smirnov's rejection test were realized with this system. Digital filters were applied for two different purposes: waveform segmentation and smoothing the calculations of representative WIs. Smirnov's rejection test was used for real-time noise rejection and yielded an accurate rejection rate of 99.99%. The result was that the digital filter processing and Smirnov's rejection test realized accurate real-time BP measurement and analysis in freely-moving conscious rats using a personal computer.     

Computerised analysis of auscultatory sounds associated with vascular patency of haemodialysis access

Vascular access for renal dialysis is a lifeline for about 120 000 individuals in the United States. Stethoscope auscultation of vascular sounds has some utility in the assessment of access patency, yet can be highly skill-dependent. The objective of the study was to identify acoustic parameters that are related to changes in vascular access patency. The underlying hypothesis is that stenoses of haemodialysis access vessels or grafts cause vascular sound changes that are detectable using computerised data acquisition and analysis. Eleven patients participated in the study. Their vascular sounds were recorded before and after angiography, which was accompanied by angioplasty in most patients. The sounds were acquired using two electronic stethoscopes and then digitised and analysed on a personal computer. Vessel stenosis changes were found to be associated with changes in acoustic amplitude and/or spectral energy distribution. Certain acoustic parameters correlated well (correlation coefficient=0.98, p<0.0001) with the change in the degree of stenosis, suggesting that stenosis severity may be predictable from these parameters. Parameters also appeared to be sensitive to modest diameter changes (>20%), (p<0.005, Wilcoxon rank sum test). These results suggest that computerised analysis of vascular sounds may be useful in vessel patency surveillance. Further testing using longitudinal studies may be warranted.     

How to Optimize Radiological Images Captured from Digital Cameras, Using the Adobe Photoshop 6.0 Program

Over the past decade, the technology that permits images to be digitized and the reduction in the cost of digital equipment allows quick digital transfer of any conventional radiological film. Images then can be transferred to a personal computer, and several software programs are available that can manipulate their digital appearance. In this article, the fundamentals of digital imaging are discussed, as well as the wide variety of optional adjustments that the Adobe Photoshop 6.0 (Adobe Systems, San Jose, CA) program can offer to present radiological images with satisfactory digital imaging quality.     

Electronic data processing in the Danish Cytogenetic Central Register and EDP problems of registers in general

A brief introduction to the Danish Cytogenetic Central Register (DCCR) is given, and possibilities, principles and problems concerning the establishment and maintenance of a national cytogenetic register are presented.
Various data carrier media for registers in general are discussed, of which the magnetic disc is considered most appropriate. General principles for programs capable of performing insertions, deletions and other modifications in the data base are outlined as well as the principles for the programs in the DCCR.
The individual records should preferably be identified by aid of a central person registration number (CPR) rather than by name. The data should be stored and sorted by this identification in order to facilitate retrieval of a desired record. The structure of the records is discussed with regard to prevention of the occurrence of certain errors as well as the optimization of processing.
Flexibility and economy of space are achieved by using programs able to handle records of unequal length, and problems occurring in connection with this are discussed. The question of how to protect sensitive data is dealt with, and two different methods used in the DCCR are outlined. Programs capable of analyzing karyotypes with the purpose of recognizing various cytogenetic syndromes have been developed for use in the DCCR. Various examples of computing times of typical program runs are presented.     

New image-processing system for analysis,display and measurement of static and dynamic foot pressures

A new image-processing system, using a video digitiser with an IBM-compatible PC/AT, is developed for acquisition and processing of low-contrast, lowintensity barographic images of both feet for assessment of pressure distribution during standing and walking. Data displays, in the form of centres of pressures, isopressures contours, perspective views of pressures, grey scale image and walking pressure patterns, combined image of walking pressures, paths of centres of pressures and pressure variations with time, are developed. These have provided very useful and early information regarding the internal structural changes in the bones of the foot and sites at risk of ulcer development in leprosy subjects and enable suitable corrective orthopaedic procedures to be adopted. unitl the end of November 1990, and will then return to the Indian Institute of Technology.