Network Structure and Properties of Lithium Aluminosilicate Glass

Based on lithium aluminosilicate glass, the composition of glass was optimized by replacing SiO₂ with B₂O₃, and the influence of glass composition on structure and performance was studied. With the increase in B₂O₃ concentrations from 0 to 6.5 mol%, Al₂O₃ always existed in the form of four-coordinated [AlO₄] in the network structure, and B₂O₃ mainly entered the network in the form of four-coordinated [BO₄]. The content of Si-O-Si linkages (Q₄^(0Al)) was always dominant. The incorporation of boron oxide improved the overall degree of polymerization and connectivity of the lithium aluminosilicate glass network structure. An increase in the degree of network polymerization led to a decrease in the thermal expansion coefficient of the glass and an increase in Vickers hardness and density. The durability of the glass in hydrofluoric acid and NaOH and KOH solutions was enhanced overall.     

Titanium-Pillared Clay: Preparation Optimization,Characterization, and Artificial Neural Network Modeling

Titanium-pillared clay (Ti-PILC), as one of the most suitable types of porous adsorbents/(photo)catalysts, was prepared from a local type of Iranian clay and titanium isopropoxide. The production process was optimized by changing three operating parameters, including the clay suspension concentration (in the range of 0.5–10% w/v), the H⁺/Ti ratio (2–8 mol/mol), and the calcination temperature (300–700 °C). The largest specific surface area for the Ti-PILC was about 164 m²/g under the clay suspension of 0.5% w/v, H⁺/Ti = 6, with a surface area 273% larger than that of the raw clay. The surface areas obtained from more concentrated clay suspensions were, however, comparable (159 m²/g for 3% w/v clay and H⁺/Ti = 4). An increase in the calcination temperature has a negative effect on the porous texture of Ti-PILC, but based on modeling with artificial neural networks, its contribution was only 7%. Clay suspension and H⁺/Ti ratio play a role of 56 and 37% of the specific surface area. The presence of rutile phase, and in some cases anatase phase of TiO₂ crystals was detected. FTIR and SEM investigations of Ti-PILCs produced under different operating parameters were analyzed.     

Research on Hyperparameter Optimization of Concrete Slump Prediction Model Based on Response Surface Method

In this paper, eight variables of cement, blast furnace slag, fly ash, water, superplasticizer, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and flow are used as network input and slump is used as network output to construct a back-propagation (BP) neural network. On this basis, the learning rate, momentum factor, number of hidden nodes and number of iterations are used as hyperparameters to construct 2-layer and 3-layer neural networks respectively. Finally, the response surface method (RSM) is used to optimize the parameters of the network model obtained previously. The results show that the network model with parameters obtained by the response surface method (RSM) has a better coefficient of determination for the test set than the model before optimization, and the optimized model has higher prediction accuracy. At the same time, the model is used to evaluate the influencing factors of each variable on slump. The results show that flow, water, coarse aggregate and fine aggregate are the four main influencing factors, and the maximum influencing factor of flow is 0.875. This also provides a new idea for quickly and effectively adjusting the parameters of the neural network model to improve the prediction accuracy of concrete slump.     

急性冠脉综合征行急诊冠状动脉搭桥的疗效

目的评价急诊冠状动脉搭桥(CABG)治疗急性冠脉综合征的疗效。方法对24例急性冠脉综合征患者行急诊CABG,观察手术效果及术后并发症发生情况,并进行随访。结果体外循环时间为(89±26)min,主动脉阻断时间为(47±19)min。每例患者搭桥支数为(3．1±1．2)支,总搭桥支数为74支。共9例患者置入主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP),其中5例于术后24 h内拨除,4例于术后48 h内拨除。本组无手术死亡,无围术期心肌梗死及低心排血量综合征,亦无脑出血或栓塞并发症。术后出现胸腔积液3例、肺部感染2例,经相应治疗后均治愈。术后平均纵隔心包引流量为(548±339)mL,仅3例引流量较大,达1 100～1 400 mL,其中2例应用止血药等治疗后出血逐渐减少至停止,1例行再次开胸止血。患者出院前行运动试验,均为阴性。出院后所有患者经12～34个月的随访,平均为(18±2)个月,均无心绞痛发作,运动耐量接近正常,恢复正常生活。结论在心肌梗死尚未发生时对急性冠脉综合征患者及时行急诊CABG,有利于改善预后。     

Visual stimulation and frequency of focal neurological symptoms engage distinctive neurocognitive resources in migraine with aura patients: a study of resting-state functional networks

IntroductionSeveral functional neuroimaging studies on healthy controls and patients with migraine with aura have shown that the activation of functional networks during visual stimulation is not restricted to the striate system, but also includes several extrastriate networks.MethodsBefore and after 4 min of visual stimulation with a checkerboard pattern, we collected functional MRI in 21 migraine with aura (MwA) patients and 18 healthy subjects (HS). For each recording session, we identified independent resting-state networks in each group and correlated network connection strength changes with clinical disease features.ResultsBefore visual stimulation, we found reduced connectivity between the default mode network and the left dorsal attention system (DAS) in MwA patients compared to HS. In HS, visual stimulation increases functional connectivity between the independent components of the bilateral DAS and the executive control network (ECN). In MwA, visual stimulation significantly improved functional connectivity between the independent component pairs salience network and DAS, and between DAS and ECN. The ECN Z-scores after visual stimulation were negatively related to the monthly frequency of aura.ConclusionsIn individuals with MwA, 4 min of visual stimulation had stronger cognitive impact than in healthy people. A higher frequency of aura may lead to a diminished ability to obtain cognitive resources to cope with transitory but important events like aura-related focal neurological symptoms.     

Network pharmacology explores the mechanisms of Eucommia ulmoides cortex against postmenopausal osteoporosis

Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) has become one of most frequent chronic disease worldwide with aging population. Eucommia ulmoides cortex (EU), a traditional Chinese medicine, has long since been used to treat PMOP. The aim of this study is to explore pharmacological mechanisms of EU against PMOP through using network pharmacology approach.The active ingredients of EU were obtained from Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology database, and target fishing was performed on these ingredients in UniProt database for identification of their relative targets. Then, we screened the targets of PMOP using GeneCards database and DisGeNET database. The overlapping genes between PMOP and EU were obtained to performed protein–protein interaction, Gene Ontology analysis, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes, and genomes analysis.Twenty-eight active ingredients were identified in EU, and corresponded to 207 targets. Also, 292 targets were closely associated with PMOP, and 50 of them matched with the targets of EU were considered as therapeutically relevant. Gene ontology enrichment analysis suggested that EU exerted anti-PMOP effects via modulating multiple biological processes including cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and inflammatory response. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analysis revealed several pathways, such as PI3K-AKT pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, hypoxia-inducible factors-1 pathway, tumor necrosis factor pathway, and interleukin-17 pathway that might be involved in regulating the above biological processes.Through the method of network pharmacology, we systematically investigated the mechanisms of EU against PMOP. The multi-targets and multi-pathways identified here could provide new insights for further determination of more exact mechanisms of EU.     

Network pharmacology-based pharmacological mechanism prediction on Eucommia ulmoides against rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common chronic autoimmune disease characterized by synovial inflammation and progressive joint destruction. Eucommia ulmoides (EU) is a kidney-tonifying Chinese medicine that has been applied to treat RA for decides. The present study aims to explore pharmacological mechanisms of EU against RA using network pharmacology approach. Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database was used to screen active ingredients of EU, and their relative targets were fished from UniProt database. RA-related targets were screened from GeneCards database and DisGeNET database. The overlapping genes between EU and RA were identified by Venn diagram, and further analyzed for protein-protein interaction (PPI), Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Fifty active ingredients were identified in EU, and corresponded to 207 targets. Meanwhile, 499 targets were closely associated with RA development. A total of 50 overlapping genes between EU and RA were identified, which were regarded as therapeutically relevant. GO enrichment analysis indicated that EU exerted antiRA effects depending on regulating multiple biological processes including inflammatory response, oxidative stress, cell apoptosis and matrix catabolism. Several key pathways such as TNF pathway, IL-17 pathway, T cell receptor pathway, NOD-like receptor pathway and Toll-like receptor pathway, were involved in the above biological processes. Network pharmacology revealed that EU exerts therapeutic effects on RA through multi-ingredients, multi-targets and multi-pathways, which provides basis for its clinical application and promising directions for subsequent research.     

胸部创伤致大量血胸的急救及护理体会

胸部创伤致大量血胸在胸外科较为常见,而胸膜腔内积血是胸外伤后常见的并发症,易造成有效循环血量骤减甚至休克,病情危急凶猛,常导致死亡。我们认为,在胸部创伤致大量血胸患者的急救过程中,护理人员要做到早期准确评估伤情和出血量,及时纠正休克,能为手术抢救和后继治疗争取时间并创造有利条件。而规范化、程序化的护理措施,能够使急救工作急而有序,行之有效;快速、敏捷的应急能力与急救技术是提高急救效果的根本保证,护士应根据病情制订规范化的预检抢救程序,保证护理工作准确无误,确保抢救成功。     

Mechanisms of the Bushen Huoxue formula in the treatment of osteoarthritis based on network pharmacology-molecular targets

Background:Osteoarthritis is a common degenerative disease with a high incidence, high disability rate, and poor prognosis. Clinical studies have shown that Bushen Huoxue formula can relieve joint swelling and pain and improve limb function and joint mobility, but there is a lack of high-quality scientific basis. Using network pharmacology and molecular docking technology to study the mechanism of Bushen Huoxue formula in the treatment of osteoarthritis.Methods:First, the active ingredients and corresponding target predictions of the formula were obtained through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Meanwhile, the osteoarthritis disease targets were obtained through the genome annotation database platform (GeneCards) and the DrugBank database, and the target proteins obtained above were standardized using the Uniprot (https://www.uniprot.org) database standardization of names. Then, the Venn diagram was created by taking the intersection of the active ingredient and the target of the disease, and the “active ingredient-target” network was constructed and analyzed using Cytoscape 3.7.2 software. At the same time, the intersecting targets were imported into the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interaction Gene/Proteins database to build a protein-protein interaction network and to screen the core targets; the intersecting targets were visualized by using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery 6.8 database for gene ontology functional analysis and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, and construct the “active ingredient-target-pathway” network. Finally, the main active ingredients of the formula for tonifying the kidney and invigorating the blood were validated by molecular docking with the core targets.Results:A total of 194 active ingredients and 365 targets of the Bushen Huoxue formula were collected, 776 targets for osteoarthritis diseases and 96 targets for the intersection of active ingredients and diseases. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis yielded 104 relevant pathways, including tumor necrosis factor signaling pathways, cancer signaling pathways, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor signaling pathways, Toll-like receptors signaling pathways, and osteoclast differentiation, apoptosis, T-cell receptor signaling pathway, and other related pathways. The molecular docking results showed good binding of the main active ingredients to the core targets.Conclusion:This study shows that the treatment of osteoarthritis involves multicomponent, multitarget, and multipathway processes. The mechanism of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, inhibition of cartilage matrix degradation, and reduction of subchondral bone destruction may be an important mechanism for the therapeutic effect.