急性肾动脉下腹主动脉栓塞诊治的探讨

目的 探讨急性肾动脉下腹主动脉栓塞的合理诊治.方法 对2005年1月至2008年12月收治的6例急性肾动脉下腹主动脉栓塞患者的临床资料进行分析;3例经双侧股动脉切开Fogarty导管取栓术,2例经腹主动脉切开取栓术;1例只接受抗凝治疗.结果 本组治愈2例,2例接受截肢共3条肢体,2例死亡.住院时间4h至122 d,平均(24±55)d.4例患者出院后口服抗凝剂,均无腹主动脉及远端血管栓塞,2例下肢肌力较术前略差.结论 及早抗凝、溶栓和积极手术取栓治疗可提高急性肾动脉下腹主动脉栓塞的治愈率和降低其病死率;围手术期要重视预防和处理缺血再灌注损伤;病情危重不能耐受手术者可积极使用抗凝、溶栓治疗.     

Neuroform支架辅助可脱性弹簧圈栓塞治疗破裂性巨型颅内动脉瘤

目的 探讨Neuroform支架植入结合可脱性弹簧罔栓塞治疗破裂性巨型颅内宽颈动脉瘤的疗效、技术要点、安全性和防治并发症.方法 对诊断为破裂性巨型颅内动脉瘤10例患者,首先将Neuroform支架瘤颈成形,将微导管通过支架网眼植入动脉瘤内,填塞弹簧圈.结果 所有病例栓塞操作均顺利完成,无手术并发症;其中致密填塞9例,部分致密填塞1例,术后患者均恢复良好.8例栓塞后6～17个月进行造影随访,均无变化.结论 Neumform支架辅助可脱性弹簧圈栓塞治疗破裂性巨型颅内动脉瘤具有微创、安全、可靠、有效的优点,操作经验丰富的医师可将其并发症降到最低点.     

顽固性咯血支气管动脉造影及栓塞方法与疗效研究

目的对内科治疗不能有效止血的顽固性咯血患者,寻求效果肯定、快捷、安全的治疗方法。方法对56例顽固性咯血患者及时采用seldinger导管法行支气管动脉造影,并对出血病变血管予以明胶海绵（或）和Fe304微粒或小号不锈钢圈作选择性栓塞,术后随访观察近期和远期疗效。结果56例中立即止血49例（87.50%）,近期总有效率为100%。远期观察1.5～11年,平均随访39.7个月,单纯明胶海绵栓塞者复发2例,疗效持久巩固率为96.43%。结论支气管动脉造影并选择性病变血管栓塞疗法,对顽固性咯血疗效可靠,且快捷,安全,巩固 对明确病变血管形态异常者宜采用永久性材料或＂双重＂栓塞。     

Hydrodynamic evaluation of axillary artery perfusion for normal and diseased aorta

Axillary artery perfusion is an attractive alternative to reduce the frequency of atheroembolism in extensive atherosclerotic aorta and aortic aneurysms. This study was conducted to evaluate the flow dynamics of axillary artery perfusion. Transparent glass models of a normal aortic arch and an aortic arch aneurysm were used to evaluate hydrodynamic properties. Streamline analysis and distribution of the shear stress was evaluated using a particle image velocity method. In the normal aortic arch model, rapid flow of 80 cm/s from the right axillary artery ran out from the brachiocephalic artery and grazed the lesser curvature of the aortic arch. There was secondary reversed flow in the ascending aorta. Flow from left axillary perfusion went straight to the descending aorta. In the aortic arch aneurysm model, flow from both axillary arteries hit the lesser curvature of the aortic arch and went into the ascending aorta with vortical flow. Distribution of shear stress was high along the jet from the ostium of the brachiocephalic artery and left subclavian artery. Flow in the aortic arch and the ascending aorta was unexpectedly rapid. Special care must be taken when the patient has frail atheroma around arch vessels or the lesser curvature of the aortic arch during axillary artery perfusion.     

Floating thrombus in the ascending aorta

Floating thrombus in the ascending aorta is an uncommon source of embolism. We report a case of a 61-year-old man who was admitted to our hospital for transient brain ischemic attack. Transesophageal echocardiography showed a floating mass on the sinotubular junction. We started anticoagulation therapy immediately and performed surgical removal of the mass 5 days after the admission. Postoperative course was uneventful. He is now in good health and has no sign of recurrence. The etiology of this case is unclear, and the strategy is difficult to determine in terms of cerebral complications.     

非细菌性血栓性心内膜炎与卒中

非细菌性血栓性心内膜炎（nonbacterial thromboendocarditis,NBTE）是一种异质性疾病,以心脏瓣膜赘生物形成为特征。NBTE与恶性肿瘤及其他原因所致的高凝状态有关,是引起隐匿性卒中的原因之一。经食道超声心动图和头颅MRI是诊断NBTE相关卒中的重要方法。合并恶性肿瘤的NBTE患者发生卒中的风险较正常人群高,短期内卒中的复发率高、预后差。因此,早期识别NBTE相关性卒中,并开展相应的治疗和二级预防是值得临床关注的问题。目前对NBTE的治疗包括原发肿瘤的治疗和抗凝治疗两部分。     

急诊TACE介入治疗肝癌破裂出血的效果及安全性分析

目的 探讨急诊TACE介入治疗肝癌破裂出血的效果及安全性.方法 回顾性分析35例肝癌破裂患者的临床特点、治疗方法及治疗效果.单因素和多因素分析影响生存的因素.结果 中位生存时间为59天.24例患者行肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE),11例患者行保守治疗.24例患者接受TACE达到止血效果,无并发症.TACE治疗患者30天的生存率83.3％.TACE破裂肝癌患者30天的存活率与Child-Pugh分级、血红蛋白水平、肌酸酐水平、TACE法有关.多因素分析显示,患者接受TACE[比值比(OR),0.076;P=0.020],或有较高的血红蛋白水平患者(OR,0.626;P=0.011),生存率越高.在TACE组,30天存活率与较高的血红蛋白水平独立相关(OR,0.609;P =0.036).结论 TACE是一种微创的治疗方法,具有较高的止血成功率,且能延长肝癌破裂患者30天的生存期.     

瘢痕妊娠导致大出血的介入治疗

目的：探讨经导管双侧子宫动脉栓塞后清宫治疗瘢痕妊娠导致大出血的临床价值。方法：采用介入结合清宫的方法治疗7例瘢痕妊娠患者,用5F cobra导管导管经股动脉超选择插管至双侧子宫动脉灌注MTX（甲氨蝶呤）100 mg,然后用明胶海绵屑栓塞双侧子宫动脉,于3～5 d行清宫术。结果：7例患者均一次手术成功,术中未见出血,随访2～6个月无异常。结论：采用介入栓塞后清宫治疗瘢痕妊娠导致大出血安全有效,方法简单,不良反应小成功率极高,可有效预防和控制子宫破裂出血,是治疗瘢痕妊娠导致大出血的优选方法之一。     

急性肠系膜血管闭塞的诊治经验（附16例报告）

目的　探讨急性肠系膜血管闭塞 (AMVO)的早期诊断和治疗。方法　 8例急性肠系膜动脉栓塞 (MAE)确诊 5例 ,误诊 3例。保守治疗 1例 ,介入溶栓 1例 ,肠切除 4例 ,取栓后肠切除 1例 ;另 1例大部小肠严重缺血 ,经二次手术探查 ,避免了肠切除和短肠综合征。 8例急性肠系膜静脉血栓形成 (MVT)确诊 4例 ,疑诊 4例 ;保守治疗 2例 ,肠切除 2例 ,取栓后肠切除 4例。结果　 8例MAE治愈 5例 ,死亡 3例 ;8例MVT全部治愈。结论　对AMVO保持警惕 ,早期确诊是提高疗效的关键。     

Preseptostomy Myocardial Infarction in a Patient with Complex Transposition of the Great Arteries

In transposition of the great arteries, systemic venous return is preferentially routed to the aorta, and any spontaneous or iatrogenic emboli may therefore cause organ infarction. We present a patient with transposition of the great arteries who developed myocardial infarction prior to balloon septostomy and, also, was later documented to have sustained brain infarction despite adequate precautionary measures. Minimal handling of venous sites in these patients is crucial.