麻黄附子细辛汤对寒哮证老年支气管哮喘 患者 ACT 评分及肺功能的影响

〔摘 要〕 目的：探析寒哮证老年支气管哮喘应用麻黄附子细辛汤治疗对患者哮喘控制测试表（ACT）评分及肺功能的 影响。方法：择取信宜市人民医院 2018 年 4 月至 2019 年 9 月收治的寒哮证老年支气管哮喘患者 80 例为研究对象,随机分 成对照组与观察组,每组 40 例。对照组予以布地奈德气雾剂治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用麻黄附子细辛汤治疗,比较 两组患者临床疗效、ACT 评分及肺功能指标。结果：治疗后,观察组患者总有效率为 95.00 %,明显高于对照组的 80.00 %, 差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）;观察组治疗后 ACT 评分明显高于对照组,观察组第 1 秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、用 力肺活量（FVC）、第 1 秒用力呼气容积占用力肺活量比值（FEV1/FVC）、最大呼气流量（PEF）水平均高于对照组,差 异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。结论：寒哮证老年支气管哮喘患者应用麻黄附子细辛汤加减治疗,可有效控制哮喘症状, 改善肺功能。     

老年患者无痛胃肠镜护理要点

〔摘 要〕　随着内镜技术及麻醉技术的进步,无痛胃肠镜受到广泛应用,同时越来越多的胃肠道疾病可通过无痛胃肠镜 检查,作为临床医生诊断疾病的重要指标。由于老年患者各项机体功能老龄化,身体代偿能力下降,而无痛胃肠镜能减轻 老年患者检查的痛苦,增加舒适度。现对老年患者无痛胃肠镜护理要点进行简要综述,为更好进行老年患者护理提供指导。     

老年住院患者呼吸道常见病毒感染临床观察

目的了解冬、春季节兰州地区因急性呼吸道感染住院的老年患者常见病毒感染状况。方法对兰州地区3所三级甲等医院呼吸科年龄65岁或以上的318例因急性呼吸道感染而住院治疗的老年患者，通过间接酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA，定量法）检测血清中病毒特异性IgM抗体，包括流感病毒A（Flu A）、流感病毒B（Flu B）、呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）、腺病毒（ADV）、副流感病毒（PIV）。结果318例患者中有112例被检测到1、2种或2种以上病毒特异性IgM抗体阳性。其中Flu A77例（24．2％），Flu B41例（12．9％），RSV 32例（10．1％）；ADV和PIV的检出率较低，分别是4．1％（13／318）和1．3％（4／318）。少数患者（35／318，11．0％）存在2种或2种以上病毒感染；其中FluA和FluB、FluA和RSV混合感染多见，有26例（26／318，8．2％）；有9例（9／318，2．8％）FluA、FluB、RSV三种混合感染。其中112例病毒检测阳性患者中有19例（16．9％）同时培养出致病细菌，112例中74例（66．1％）有基础疾病。结论FluA是兰州地区冬、春季节老年人急性呼吸道感染住院患者最多见的病毒病原体，FluB和RSV次之，ADV和PIV感染少见。存在2种或2种以上病毒感染情况，有基础疾病老年患者感染呼吸道病毒的风险增加，合并细菌混合感染者增多。     

中西医结合治疗老年人下呼吸道感染疗效观察

目的　观察清热化痰汤结合头孢哌酮 舒巴坦抗感染治疗老年人下呼吸道感染的临床疗效。方法　所选病例随机分为两组 ,治疗组 35例 ,年龄 71～ 90岁 ,平均年龄 (81 3± 6 2 )岁。对照组 32例 ,年龄 70～ 92岁 ,平均年龄 (81 6± 8 0 )岁。治疗组与对照组均用头孢哌酮 舒巴坦 2 0 g ,每天 2次静脉滴注。治疗组另加中药汤剂清热化痰汤。疗程均为 7～ 14d。结果　治疗组和对照组有效率分别为 94 3%和 71 9% ,两组疗效比较差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 )。细菌清除率分别为 89 2 %和 70 0 % (P <0 0 5 )。结论　中西医结合治疗老年人下呼吸道感染可提高临床疗效及细菌清除率。     

51例高龄结直肠癌病人的围手术期处理

目的探讨高龄结直肠癌病人围手术期处理的有关问题。方法回顾性分析1990年1月～2003年2月收治的51例70岁以上结直肠癌病人的外科治疗资料。结果高龄结直肠癌病人入院前并存疾病可达52.9%,肿瘤切除率为82.6%,术后并发症发生率为38.4%,围手术期死亡率为4.3%。结论合理处理并存疾病,充分的术前准备,适当的手术时机和手术方式,加强营养支持,有效地预防和治疗并发症,对于高龄结直肠癌病人度过围手术期是非常重要的。     

Usefulness of B-type natriuretic peptide in elderly patients with acute dyspnea

Objective Differentiating cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE) from respiratory causes of dyspnea is particularly difficult in elderly patients. The aim of our study was to evaluate B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in patients older than 65 years presenting with acute dyspnea.Design Prospective study.Setting Medical emergency department of a 2000-bed urban teaching hospital.Patients Patients aged over 65 years presenting with acute dyspnea and a respiratory rate more than 25/min or a PaO₂ below 70 mmHg, SpO₂ less than 92%, PaCO₂ higher than 45 mmHg with pH less than 7.35, were included. BNP levels, measured blind at admission were compared with the final diagnosis (CPE or no CPE) as defined by experts.Intervention None.Measurements and results Three hundred eight patients (mean age of 80 years) were enrolled in the study. The median BNP was 575 pg/ml [95% confidence interval (CI): 410–898] in the CPE group (n=141) versus 75 pg/ml (95% CI: 59–98) in the no CPE group (n=167) (p<0.001). The best threshold value of BNP was 250 pg/ml, with a sensitivity and specificity for CPE of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.71–0.84) and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.84–0.93), respectively. The area under the ROC curve was 0.874±0.081 (p<0.001). The accuracy of BNP-assisted diagnosis was higher than that of the emergency physician (0.84 versus 0.77, p<0.05).Conclusion Analysis of BNP is useful in elderly patients with acute dyspnea, but the threshold value is higher than that previously determined.Presented, in part, at the 30^th annual congress of the Société de Réanimation de Langue Française, Paris, January 2002 (abstract no. SP 94).     

老年人缺血性结肠炎临床特点

目的 :探讨老年缺血性结肠炎临床特点和易患因素。方法 :2 9例患者根据年龄分为老年组 (≥ 6 0岁 )和成年组 (<5 9岁 )。回顾分析其临床资料 ,并进行组间比较。结果 :(1)多数患者表现为腹痛、便血二联征 ,老年组肠梗阻发生率和病死率均高于成年组 ,但无显著差异。 (2 )老年组房颤患者显著多于成年组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,动脉粥样硬化相关性疾病患病率显著高于成年组 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,而吸烟、高血压、糖尿病和高脂血症在两组间无显著差异。结论 :老年缺血性结肠炎临床表现典型 ,病情危重 ,病死率高。房颤和动脉粥样硬化相关性疾病是老年缺血性结肠炎的危险因素     

Noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure in elderly cardiogenic pulmonary edema patients

Objective To compare the physiological effects and the clinical efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) vs standard medical treatment in elderly patients (75 years) with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure related to cardiogenic pulmonary edema.Design A prospective, randomized, concealed, and unblinded study of 89 consecutive patients who were admitted to the emergency departments of one general, and three teaching, hospitals.Intervention Patients were randomly assigned to receive standard medical treatment alone (n=46) or standard medical treatment plus CPAP (n=43).Measurements Improvement in PaO₂/FIO₂ ratio, complications, length of hospital stay, early 48-h and overall mortality, compared between the CPAP and standard treatment groups.Results Study groups were comparable with regard to baseline physiological and clinical characteristics (age, sex ratio, autonomy, medical history, cause of pulmonary edema). Within 1 h, noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure led to decreased respiratory rate (respiratory rate, 27±7 vs 35±6 breaths/min; p=0.009), and improved oxygenation (PaO₂/F_IO₂, 306±104 vs 157±71; p=0.004) compared with baseline, whereas no differences were observed within the standard treatment group. Severe complications occurred in 17 patients in the standard treatment group, vs 4 patients in the noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure group (p=0.002). Early 48-h mortality was 7% in the noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure group, compared with 24% in the standard treatment group (p=0.017); however, no sustained benefits were observed during the overall hospital stay.Conclusion Noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure promotes early clinical improvement in elderly patients attending emergency departments for a severe pulmonary edema, but only reduces early 48-h mortality.     

老年患者的心理特征及治疗

目的　探讨老年患者的特殊心理状态及治疗措施。方法　观察 1990年 1月 1日至 2 0 0 0年 12月 31日 6 0岁以上住院患者 5 0 0例 ,对有明显心理异常者进行回顾总结。结果　 94%老年患者心理异常 ,心理治疗有效率达 80 % ,并与社会地位、文化水平、经济收入、家庭环境等密切相关。结论　心理因素对老年患者的健康影响较大 ,在药物治疗的同时必须做好切实可行的心理治疗。