养老机构养老护理员职业认同现状及影响因素分析

目的 探讨养老机构养老护理员职业认同现状及其影响因素,为提升养老护理员职业认同水平提供参考依据。方法 采用整群随机抽样法,于2020年9—12月在遵义市城区内的95所养老机构中随机抽取24所,对24所养老机构中符合纳入标准的所有养老护理员采用一般情况调查表、养老护理员职业认同量表、人文关怀能力评价量表进行调查,本次调查共发放问卷351份;应用SPSS 21.0进行数据分析,其中一般情况采用描述性统计分析,职业认同的影响因素采用单因素分析、多元线性逐步回归等方法进行分析。结果 养老护理员职业认同平均得分为（104.95±18.39）分,多元线性回归分析结果显示:养老护理员职业认同影响因素有年龄（t=-2.398,P=0.017）、月收入（t=3.695,P＜0.001）、文化程度（t=2.544,P=0.011）、职业技能证书（t=2.072,P=0.039）、培训机会（t=4.704,P＜0.001）、工作时长（t=-4.254,P＜0.001）、照护老人数量（t=-3.336,P=0.025）、家庭支持情况（t=4.608,P＜0.001）、人文关怀能力（t=9.576,P＜0.001）。结论 养老护理员职业认同处于中等水平,建议有关部门针对以上影响因素提出整改措施,提高养老护理员职业认同水平,促进养老机构护理队伍的建设。     

老年心血管病患者健康状况综合评价指标体系的构建

目的应用德尔菲法建立老年心血管病患者健康状况综合评价指标体系,为针对性提高慢性病的综合管理效果提供依据。方法基于前期课题组建立的老年人健康评估量表的框架,通过文献研究,结合心血管病患者特点,初步确立老年心血管病患者健康状况综合评价指标体系。选取专业相关领域的22位专家,采用德尔菲法进行两轮专家咨询,根据咨询结果及专家意见调整指标体系。使用SPSS 20.0软件计算各指标的重要性、可操作性和敏感性评分,并应用Yaahp10.0层次分析软件计算各指标权重。结果本研究中完成两轮咨询的专家共20位,两轮咨询的专家积极系数分别为90.9%和100%;两轮咨询专家总平均权威系数分别为0.808及0.856;第1轮重要性、可操作性和敏感性的专家协调系数分别为0.260、0.218和0.231,第2轮重要性、可操作性和敏感性的专家协调系数分别为0.345、0.377和0.405,均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。通过两轮专家咨询后最终建立包含5个一级指标、25个二级指标、37个三级指标的老年心血管病患者健康状况综合评价指标体系。结论通过德尔菲法构建的老年心血管病患者健康状况综合评价指标体系可靠、客观,可用于老年心血管病患者综合健康评估,有助于对慢性病患者进行精准化健康管理。     

老年支气管扩张合并非结核分枝杆菌感染的临床特征及其危险因素

目的分析老年支气管扩张合并非结核分枝杆菌(non-tuberculous mycobacterial,NTM)的临床特征及其危险因素。方法选择2015年1月-2019年12月无锡市第五人民医院呼吸与危重症科收治的老年支气管扩张患者为研究对象,其中120例合并NTM感染患者为合并感染组,120例为单纯支气管扩张组。分析合并NTM感染患者临床症状及影像学特点,采集痰液标本进行分枝杆菌鉴定及药敏试验,单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析支气管扩张合并NTM的危险因素。结果 120例合并NTM感染患者主要症状为咳嗽咯痰、咯血;影像学检查除典型的支气管扩张影外,还伴随有斑点、斑块、条索影,同时还有部分结节影、薄壁空洞表现,并且以1~2种征象为主,多种表现混合存在;累及3个以上肺野的患者占78.33%;痰抗酸杆菌涂片阳性率为86.67%(104/120)、痰NTM-DNA检测阳性率为90.00%(108/120);Ⅲ组鸟-胞内分枝杆菌复合菌群54例占45.00%,Ⅳ组龟-脓肿分枝杆菌复合菌群58例占48.33%,其他复合菌8例占6.67%;120株NTM对一、二线抗结核药物耐药率均较高,且全耐药者达到了38.33%(46/120);吸烟史>20年、支扩累及肺叶数≥5叶、薄壁空洞、CD₄⁺<550个/ml、低蛋白血症是老年支气管扩张合并NTM感染的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论老年支气管扩张合并NTM感染患者临床症状及影像学表现与肺结核相似,但对抗结核药物高度耐药,临床上可根据痰抗酸杆菌涂片及NTM-DNA检测对NTM感染进行判别,同时合并NTM感染受多种因素影响。     

Nasopharyngeal carriage of Haemophilus influenzae among adults with co-morbidities

After the widespread use of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine, H. influenzae invasive disease is now commonly due to non-encapsulated (NTHi), affecting mostly the youngest and the elderly. The objective of this study was to investigate H. influenzae nasopharyngeal carriage rate in adults with co-morbidities and possible associated risk factors.MethodsPatients aged >50 years with co-morbidities attending medical centres were examined. A nasopharyngeal swab was analysed for H. influenzae presence by cultural and molecular methods (RT-PCR). Univariable and multivariable analysis of risk factors for H. influenzae carriage were performed. Serotype of isolates was determined by PCR capsular genotyping. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by MIC gradient test and β-lactamase production was detected by the nitrocephin test. Genotyping was performed by Multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Phylogenetic relationships among carriage and invasive NTHi strains were assessed.ResultsAmong 248 enrolled patients (median age: 73 years), the carriage rate was 5.6% and 10.5% by cultural method or RT-PCR, respectively. Colonization with H. influenzae was significantly associated with the presence of acute respiratory symptoms (adjusted OR = 12.16, 95% CI: 3.05–48.58, p < 0.001). All colonizing isolates were NTHi. Three isolates (3/14, 21.4%) were resistant to ampicillin and beta-lactamase positive. MLST revealed a high degree of genetic diversity, with 11 different STs from 14 isolates. Eight out of the 11 (72.7%) STs were shared among carriage and invasive isolates.ConclusionsAdults ≥50 years old with co-morbidities are occasionally colonized by H. influenzae, even if the presence of co-morbidities is not a risk factor for colonization. The presence of acute respiratory symptoms is the only factor associated with H. influenzae colonization. Colonizing H. influenzae are all NTHi. Colonizing H. influenzae often belong to the same STs of invasive disease isolates.     

Influenza vaccination hesitancy and its determinants among elderly in China: A national cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe Chinese elderly face a significant threat from seasonal influenza, owing to the consistently low vaccination coverage. This study investigated the prevalence and determinants of influenza vaccination hesitancy among the Chinese elderly.MethodsIn 2019, 3849 elderly individuals from 10 provinces in China were recruited in a cross-sectional survey. Multinomial logistic regression was applied to investigate the determinants of influenza vaccination hesitancy.ResultsAmong the elderly respondents, 37.18% expressed some degree of hesitancy towards influenza vaccination: 19.28% were hesitant, and 17.90% refused influenza vaccination, including 19.28% acceptors with doubts and 17.90% refusers. Only 39.10% of the respondents considered themselves as the priority group for influenza vaccination, and 13.93% reported receiving a recommendation for vaccination from healthcare workers. Respondents with higher education levels and from urban areas had significantly higher odds of vaccine hesitancy than their counterparts. Confidence in the safety of vaccines was negatively associated with vaccine hesitancy, but confidence in vaccine efficacy had no such association. Respondents who perceived themselves as highly susceptible to influenza (AOR = 0.85; 95 %CI = 0.77–0.93) and those aware of the elderly as a priority group for influenza vaccination (AOR = 0.51; 95 %CI = 0.41–0.64) had a significantly lower odds of being refusers.ConclusionThis study found a high prevalence of hesitancy towards influenza vaccination among the Chinese elderly, especially well-educated and urban-dwelling respondents. The government should address vaccine hesitancy through culturally appropriate communication, subsidies for vaccination, and actively promoting vaccines through primary care professionals.     

社区老年人健康体适能和生活质量的现状调查及相关性分析

目的 调查了解社区老年人健康体适能和生活质量的现状,探讨健康体适能与生活质量的相关性。方法 2021年5～8月,采用随机整群抽样法在蚌埠市社区抽取771名70岁及以上老年人进行调查。采用指标测量法获取健康体适能相关数据,采用12条目简短生命质量量表(SF-12)对老年人进行生活质量调查。结果 男性的心肺适能、肌肉适能以及平衡能力优于女性,女性的柔韧适能优于男性(P<0.05);低年龄组和经常参加锻炼的老年人的健康体适能水平较高(P<0.05)。男性、低年龄组以及经常参加锻炼的老年人生活质量得分较高(P<0.05)。回归分析显示,肺活量是生理总评分(PCS)、心理总评分(MCS)和生活质量总分的重要影响因素(β=0.127,P=0.004;β=0.099,P=0.032;β=0.139,P=0.002)。结论 70岁及以上社区老年人的健康体适能水平较低;生活质量总体处于中等水平;肺活量是PCS、MCS和生活质量总分的重要影响因素。     

老年人低位硬膜外麻醉围术期自主神经功能的变化

目的：应用心率变异性（HRV）分析仪监测评估低位硬膜外麻醉围术期自主神经的改变。方法：选择低位硬膜外麻醉下择期手术患者20例,ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级,按年龄分为老年组和年轻组,每组10例,观察术前1d、麻醉完善后切皮前、切皮后30min、术后2h,1d,3d,7d处时相点的心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）以及HRV分析各成分变化。结果：围术期老年组HRV显示RMSSD（相邻RR间期差值均方根）、总频（TP）、低频（LF）、代频标化（LFnorm)均呈显著性下降,同时伴有心率减慢、平均动脉下降。年轻组TP和LF在麻醉完善后切皮前、术后2h,1d下降显著,于术后3d恢复,而R和MAP在围术期无显著改变。两组两比较,老年组TP和LF在麻醉后各时相占 明显低于年轻组（P＜0．01）。老年组高频（HF）及高频标化（HFnorm)在麻醉给药后切皮瓣均无明显变化,但在术中和术后各时相点的下降,而年轻组仅切皮后30min,出现一过性下降。结论HRV可较好地评估围术期机体自神经变化;术期麻醉和手术创伤均可使机体自主神系统调节受损,尤其老年人受损程度大,恢复慢,恢复慢,术后1周仍不能完全恢复。     

老年人胃癌的围手术期处理

目的 探讨老年人胃癌围手术期的处理。方法 回顾性分析了１９９１年１月至１９９９年１月１３２例７０岁以上胃癌病人的外科处理。结果 老年人胃癌起病隐匿,以上腹饱胀、隐痛、梗阻及贫血为主要临床表现,绝大多数有其他合并症。根治切除７６例,姑息性切除３１例,切除率８１．１％。手术并发症发生率１９．７％,围手术期病死率５．３％。结论 对老年人胃癌,应争取早期诊断,及时治疗。除加强围手术期营养支持外,充分的术前     

老年人生活满意度与生存质量关系的探讨

目的 分析和探讨老年人生活满意度和生存质量的相互关系。方法 对福州市１０８４例年龄≥６０岁的老年人进行生活满意度和生存质量地流行病学调查,将两组数据分别采用因子分析法和典型相关分析法进行分析。结果 生活满意度与生存质量呈正相关关系;生存质量的高低主要由生活满意度来反映。结论提高生活满意度是改善生存质量的重要措施。