Re-grounding the concept of liminality by foregrounding spatial aspects in experiences of cancer care

Liminality captures the passing stages in transitioning from one sociocultural status to another. As its spatial dimension remains under-examined, we analyse this in experiences of people affected by cancer. We review liminality in cancer-related literature and juxtapose this with empirical material. Analysing interview data (with eight patients) and participant-made photos highlights why places may be experienced differently throughout a period of illness and how places of diagnosis and care ‘stretch’ across locations. We conclude that exploring liminality's spatial dimension has implications for people ‘living beyond’ cancer, advances sociological understandings of (cancer) illness, and may inform healthcare facility design.     

The impact of school exclusion zone planning guidance on the number and type of food outlets in an English local authority: A longitudinal analysis

The use of planning policy to manage and create a healthy food environment has become a popular policy tool for local governments in England. To date there has been no evaluation of their short-term impact on the built environment. We assess if planning guidance restricting new fast food outlets within 400 m of a secondary school, influences the food environment in the local authority of Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK. We have administrative data on all food outlets in Newcastle 3 years pre-intervention 2012–2015, the intervention year 2016, and three years’ post-intervention 2016–2019. We employ a difference-in-difference approach comparing postcodes within the school fast food outlet exclusion zone to those outside the fast-food exclusion zones. In the short term (3 years), planning guidance to limit the number of new fast-food outlets in a school exclusion zone did not have a statistically significant impact on the food environment when compared with a control zone.     

重点部门常见典型操作时的高频接触表面

目的 明确不同部门的高频接触表面,为清洁消毒工作提供依据与指导。方法 采用直接观察法对西安市某三级甲等综合医院的消化内镜室、口腔科、血透室、手术室、检验科5个医院感染管理重点部门环境表面的接触频次进行调查,计算累积接触频次与频率。结果 5个重点部门高频接触表面均为5~9个。消化胃镜室高频接触表面频次（3.57~13.29次/操作）明显多于其他部门;血透室高频接触频次范围为0.56~3.44次/操作,为5个部门中最低者。接触频次最高的表面：消化内镜室为诊疗床（13.29次/操作）,口腔科为综合治疗台操作面板（3.64次/操作）,血透室为透析机触屏（3.44次/操作）,手术室为麻醉用电脑键盘及鼠标（8.25次/操作）,检验科为电脑键盘及鼠标（4.80次/操作）。治疗车为消化内镜室、手术室及血透室的高频接触表面。结论 因医疗诊疗操作的不同,各部门高频接触表面也不尽相同。电脑鼠标和键盘、治疗车、诊疗床、诊疗专用仪器以及操作台面在调查的各重点部门均为高频接触表面。     

真空紫外辐照对加成型硅橡胶光学性能的影响

考察了加成型硅橡胶在真空环境中经1000ESH紫外辐照后的性能变化。结果表明,辐照后材料均出现发黄的现象,光学透过率大幅度 下降,同时加入硅酸钾包覆后制备的热控涂层反射率下降。经原位测试与离位测试,发现加成型硅橡胶在两种不同条件下测得的结果差异较小,而在有机硅橡胶中加入ZnO后原位与离位测试结果则差异明显,表现出明显的漂白作用。     

三峡建坝生态环境改变与血吸虫病传播关系研究

三峡工程是一项规模宏大的开发治理长江的综合性工程 ,它具有防洪、发电、航运、养殖、供水等多项效益 ,它的建成对我国经济发展具有重大的影响。但国内外的一些水利工程建成后都不同程度地对生态环境带来一系列影响 ,造成血吸虫病的蔓延 ,三峡建坝与血吸虫病关系如何是一个需要深入研究的课题。1　研究方法1 1　水文、泥沙资料长江水利委员会提供 ,部分资料为实地调查所得。1 2　流行病学调查人畜感染情况 ,中间宿主分布及扩散情况。1 3　社会经济行为因素调查以问卷调查居民社会、经济行为状况 ,人畜流动情况。1 4　类比调查　选择与三峡…     

城市居家老年人宜老环境自我报告评估指标的构建

目的 构建城市居家老年人宜老环境自我报告评估指标,为了解城市老年人居家环境的质量水平和相关服务需求提供评价工具.方法 以世界卫生组织老年友好城市指南作为理论框架,在文献回顾和质性访谈的基础上形成草稿.采用德尔菲法对20名专家进行2轮咨询.结果 2轮专家咨询问卷有效回收率分别为90.91％、90.00％;第2轮专家咨询的权威系数为0.865,专家意见协调系数为0.305～0.671;最终确定的指标体系包括户外空间和建筑、交通、家庭住宅、社会交往和参与、社区服务和信息与通讯6项一级指标,84项二级指标.结论 城市居家老年人宜老环境自我报告评估指标有较好的专家认可度,可作为评价中国城市居家老年人环境质量的工具.     

居家养老环境风险评估体系的构建

目的 构建居家养老环境风险评估指标体系,为开展老年人居家环境风险评估提供测评工具.方法 采用文献研究法、焦点小组讨论法、德尔菲专家咨询法筛选评估指标,运用层次分析法确定指标权重,建立老年人居家养老环境风险评估体系.结果 2轮专家咨询问卷有效回收率分别为92.31％、86.11％,权威系数分别为0.878、0.892;Ⅰ级指标协调系数分别为0.276、0.291;最终构建的居家养老环境风险评估指标体系包括Ⅰ级指标9个和Ⅱ级指标43个,并确定各级指标权重.结论 居家养老环境风险评估体系被专家认可,评估指标体系的内容全面、权重合理,但需进一步在社区开展实证研究.     

童年期居住环境卫生对农村居民中老年期慢性病患病的影响研究

目的探讨童年期居住环境卫生对农村居民中老年期慢性病患病的影响, 并检验童年期健康状况在其中的中介效应。方法基于中国健康与养老追踪调查2018年最新调查和2014年生命历程调查共同访问的12 506名农村居民数据, 运用χ2检验、秩和检验、logistic回归分析模型、倾向评分加权法、负二项回归模型和KHB分析法进行分析。结果调整其他混杂因素后, 相比童年期居住环境卫生较好的农村居民, 童年居住环境卫生较差的中老年农村居民患哮喘风险提高23.7%(OR=1.237, 95%CI:1.060～1.445), 患肝脏疾病、肾脏疾病和消化系统疾病的风险增加16.4%(OR=1.164, 95%CI:1.006～1.347)、22.4%(OR=1.224, 95%CI:1.083～1.383)和19.6%(OR=1.196, 95%CI:1.103～1.296), 患血脂异常和心脏病的可能性上升了26.6%(OR=1.266, 95%CI:1.153～1.390)和13.6%(OR=1.136, 95%CI:1.031～1.253)。负二项回归模型分析结果显示, 童年居住环境卫生较差的中老年农村...     

Rural and urban variation in psychological distress among adults: results of the 2014–2015 Eastern Townships Population Health Survey (ETPHS)

ObjectiveA growing number of people live in urban areas. Urbanization has been associated with an increased prevalence of mental disorders, but which mechanisms cause this increase is unknown. Psychological distress is a good indicator of mental health. This study sought to examine the relationship between urbanization and distress among adults in the Eastern Townships (southern region of Quebec, Canada).MethodIn the 2014–2015 Eastern Townships Population Health Survey (N = 10,687 adults living in one of the 96 Eastern Townships communities), distress was measured with the K6 distress scale (≥ 7). Urbanization was estimated by the residential density of the community treated in quintiles. Logistic regression analyses were carried out with adjustments for individual and environmental characteristics.ResultsWomen, young people aged 18–24, single parents, those without diplomas, those without a job, those with < $20,000 in income, adults with two or more chronic physical illnesses, adults with bad perceived health, or those living in disadvantaged neighbourhoods exhibited more distress. The unadjusted estimate between density and distress is only significant for the fifth quintile when compared with the first quintile (OR 1.23; 95% CI: 1.06–1.42). The relationship is practically the same after controlling for individual characteristics but decreases considerably after controlling for environmental characteristics (lack of trees, social deprivation, intersection density, vegetation index, and land use mix).ConclusionThis study was the first to examine an association between urbanization and distress by considering individual and environmental characteristics. The latter seem to explain the relationship between these concepts.