Pancreatic pseudocyst arising from ectopic pancreas and isolated intestinal duplication in mesocolon caused hydronephrosis in a girl with horseshoe kidney

Ectopic pancreas is a relatively common congenital anomaly and is usually asymptomatic. Pancreatitis in the ectopic site and pseudocyst formation is extremely rare. To date, only 2 cases have been reported. We present a case of a 3-year-old girl with recurrent pancreatitis and unilateral hydronephrosis of the horseshoe kidney, which was produced by pancreatic pseudocyst arising from ectopic pancreas and isolated intestinal duplication in mesocolon. This is the first case of pancreatic pseudocyst that expanded to the retroperitoneal space and caused urinary tract obstruction.     

小儿输尿管开口异位的诊断和治疗(附22例报告)

目的 提高小儿输尿管开口异位的诊治效果。方法 总结22例输尿管开口异位患儿临床资料。男1例，女21例。年龄1个月～12岁，平均4岁。单侧17例，双侧5例。21例女童中，有正常分次排尿伴异常漏尿18例，完全持续性漏尿3例；1例男童有上尿路梗阻及泌尿系感染。异位开口于阴道14例、尿道4例、前庭3例、膀胱颈1例。结果 手术治疗20例，其中肾切除者11例、半肾切除者7例，术后漏尿症状消失，3例合并输尿管残端综合征；1例双输尿管膀胱再植术后仍有尿失禁；1例直肠化膀胱术无漏尿症状。结论 明确诊断，选择合理手术是小儿异位输尿管口治疗成功的关键。     

微包囊优化制备及复合自体微小颗粒骨异位成骨的实验研究

目的探讨优化生长因子微包囊制作方法,观察其释放规律和复合微小颗粒骨异位成骨的效果。方法正交设计优化聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(poly-DL-lactide-co-glycolide,PLGA)微包囊制作工艺,于2、4、8、12、24、36、48、60、72、84、96、120、144、168、192、216、240和264h计算微包囊的累计释放量。实验取24只Wistar大鼠,随机分为4组(n=6),每只大鼠于双侧股部作1cm切口,制备臀大肌肌袋模型。A组双侧植入胶原,B组双侧植入胶原和颗粒骨,C组双侧植入胶原和重组人骨形成蛋白2(recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein2,rhBMP-2)/PLGA缓释微包囊;D组双侧植入胶原、颗粒骨与rhBMP-2/PLGA缓释微包囊。于术后3、4和5周取样(n=2)行大体和组织学观察。结果各优化变量对微包囊粒径及其包封率均有影响,包囊表面光滑,成球较好。体外能够在11d内缓慢释放。术后3周大体观察,A组未触及移植物,B、C、D组可触及,微包囊呈白色颗粒包裹于组织中。组织学观察:术后3周,A组胶原已经完全吸收,其余3组可见残余胶原;术后4周,A组胶原已不易见到,B组可见微小颗粒骨继续吸收,体积变小;C组包囊体积缩小,囊间成骨性细胞增多;D组微小颗粒骨和微包囊继续吸收,成骨性细胞和软骨性细胞团增多;术后5周,B、C、D组均可见植入物体积减小,包囊被吸收破碎,但颗粒骨和包囊周围的软骨性细胞、成骨性细胞更加密集。结论优化PLGA微包囊制备工艺,使其在体外能够长时间缓释。自体微小颗粒骨可在臀大肌肌袋内异位诱导生成大量成骨性细胞,PLGA微包囊可以与其有机复合,并在减少生长因子用量的同时协同微小颗粒骨成骨。     

Legg-Perthes病动物模型设计与评价

目的：设计制作静脉回受阻Legg-Perthes病动物模型，并对其进行观察评价。方法：选择健康杂种幼犬20只，雌雄不拘。采用自身对照方法，一侧髋用来实验，一侧髋作为对照，应用套针经皮大于转子下方穿入股骨颈中央达股骨头颈部骺板远侧，注入1ml医用TH胶，于实验不同时期行骨骺后内压、X线、CT检查，组织标本行常规病理检查，结果：实验制作了影像及组织病理变化类似于人类Legg-Perthes病的动物模型。结论：此模型设计合理，制作方法简单，重复性较强。     

腹腔镜与开腹手术早期诊治特殊部位异位妊娠的比较

目的探讨腹腔镜诊断及治疗特殊部位异位妊娠的价值。方法回顾分析2000年1月～2009年12月76例特殊部位异位妊娠患者的临床资料,其中卵巢妊娠41例,宫角妊娠18例,腹腔妊娠5例,输卵管残端妊娠3例,子宫残角妊娠8例,阔韧带妊娠1例。腹腔镜手术36例,开腹手术40例。对比分析2组围术期情况。结果特殊部位异位妊娠(76例)占同期异位妊娠(2228例)的3.4%。腹腔镜手术成功32例,成功率88.9%,中转开腹4例,无术中、术后并发症发生。腹腔镜组手术时间、术后住院时间与开腹组差异无显著性(P0.05),术中出血量[(18.2±4.3)mlvs(52.7±25.6)ml,t=7.53,P=0.00]和术后病率[56.3%(18/32)vs85.0%(34/40),χ2=7.32,P=0.01]均明显低于开腹组。结论腹腔镜用于早期诊断及治疗特殊部位异位妊娠安全可行。     

黄芪地黄汤对小儿过敏性紫癜肾炎TH1/TH2的影响

目的：观察黄芪地黄汤治疗小儿过敏性紫癜肾炎（HSPN）的临床疗效及其对免疫功能的影响,探讨临床疗效和免疫功能变化之间的关系。方法：收集HSPN患者80例。随机分成两组,西医组40例,中西医结合组40例（西医组用药基础上加用黄芪地黄汤）,并建立正常儿童对照组30例。观察疗程3个月。测定治疗前后相关细胞因子（IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-12、TNF-α）水平及血尿常规、肝肾功能、免疫球蛋白、24h尿蛋白定量等变化。结果：与正常儿童对照组比较,西医组和中西医结合组的IL-12水平均下降,IL-4、IL-6水平上升（P均〈0.05）,TNF-α水平明显上升（P〈0.01）,而IL-2水平无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。3个月后,中西医结合组总缓解率87.5%,西医组疗效总缓解率60%,二者有显著差别（P〈0.05）;中西医结合组IL-12、IL-4、IL-6水平基本降至正常,TNF-α水平仅略高于正常对照组;西医组IL-12水平接近正常水平,IL-4、IL-6及TNF-α水平略有下降。结论：黄芪地黄汤结合西药常规治疗可更有效逆转TH2亢进状态,使病情得到改善和防止进展,其疗效机制与免疫功能调控相关。     

Hospital resources used for ectopic pregnancy treatment by laparoscopy and methotrexate.

OBJECTIVE: To compare resources used in the medical and laparoscopic treatment of unruptured ectopic pregnancy. METHODS: We prospectively recorded all the medical resources required in the treatment of unruptured ectopic pregnancy. The study period ranged from January 1, 1995 to June 30, 1998. Single-dose intramuscular methotrexate injections were administered in 55 women (group I). This therapeutic option was provided on an outpatient basis in small EP (beta-HCG level < 5000 IU/L and hematosalpinx diameter < 3 cm). Serial clinical controls and biologic tests were performed until bHCG became negative. Forty women underwent a laparoscopic salpingostomy because they refused the methotrexate regimen or had "social" contra-indications (ie, predictable difficulties in the follow-up) (group II). Twenty-one patients underwent conservative laparoscopic treatment because of "medical" contraindications to methotrexate (group III). We recorded the resources used with the outpatient and inpatient treatment in each group (methotrexate consumption, operating room acts, length of hospital stay, clinical examinations, biological tests, and sonograms during the follow-up). RESULTS: We observed similar cure rates in each group, but it took significantly longer for beta-HCG to become negative in group 1. However, hospitalization was significantly less often required, and the length of hospital stay was shorter in this group. But length of follow-up, number of office visits, biological tests, sonograms, and subsequent readmissions were significantly more frequent after methotrexate. Despite more severe clinical presentations for patients in group III, we didn't find any significant differences in the hospital resources used in this group in comparison with those used in group II. CONCLUSIONS: The outpatient methotrexate option may result in low consumption of resources for a hospital because most of the follow-up can be performed by city practitioners and laboratories. For the laparoscopic option, efforts should be made to reduce the postoperative hospital stay.     

小儿梅克尔憩室27例临床分析

目的分析小儿梅克尔憩室的临床特点。方法通过复习病历和随访回顾性分析2003年1月至2009年3月在我院经手术及病理检查确诊的27例小儿梅克尔憩室。结果无症状2例,便血为主15例,腹痛为主9例,其他1例。有9例行两孔法腹腔镜辅助的憩室切除术,余均开放手术。便血为主的15例中有10例见有异位胃黏膜(核素检查7例阳性、2例阴性,1例未行核素检查),5例未见到异位胃黏膜(核素检查5例均阳性)。结论小儿梅克尔憩室因并发症而出现临床症状,异位胃黏膜是合并出血的主要原因。手术切除是治疗小儿梅克尔憩室的主要方法 。     

磁共振尿路成像对异位输尿管开口的诊断

目的:探讨磁共振尿路成像(MRU)对异位输尿管开口的定位诊断的价值。方法:对7例输尿管异位开口患者在行B超、CT、静脉肾盂造影(IVU)、膀胱镜插管造影的基础上,进一步行MRU检查。结果:7例患儿术前经B超、IVU均未明确诊断,行MRU检查全部定位诊断明确。结论:MRU可作为B超、IVU等的进一步检查手段,用于小儿输尿管异位开口的定位诊断。