Enfermería familiar y comunitaria,cronología de una especialidad

More the 30 years have passed since the first Royal Decree that regulated nursing specialties was published in 1987. It is the Royal Decree published in 2005 that really allowed the training development of part of the specialties recognized in it (family and community nursing, paediatric nursing, geriatric nursing and occupational health nursing) since the obstetric-gynaecological specialist nurses (midwives) and mental health specialists had long since already started their training processes through the resident internal nurse model, today, training in the specialty of family and community nursing has been implemented in all the autonomous communities, but has not had the same development in terms of the incorporation of specialists in the health institutions of the respective health services of the autonomous communitiesThis circumstance is generating a great lack of motivation among community nurses, both specialists and those who hope to obtain the qualification through a specialty exam.Many of the objectives achieved to date have been made possible thanks to the work of the scientific societies of community nursing (Association of Community Nursing [AEC] and Federation of Associations of Community Nursing and Primary Care [FAECAP]), which have allowed progress to be made and the process not to be halted, although there are still many achievements to be made on which the aforementioned scientific societies continue to work.In a society in which nursing care is increasingly necessary and demanded, it must have greater consideration and position in health policies, since it has demonstrated its effectiveness and can be the model that allows the health system to be sustainable. Therefore, nurses who specialize in family and community nursing must cease constituting an opportunity and become a reality.     

我国延续性护理在癌痛居家患者中的研究进展

延续性护理对居家癌痛患者的生活质量具有重要作用,本文通过对国内癌痛居家患者开展延续性护理的必要性、具体形式和内容,及其干预后效果评价三方面内容进行综述,以期为构建和完善我国癌痛居家患者的延续性护理模式提供借鉴。     

胃溃疡患者的循证护理要点及护理效果评价

目的探讨胃溃疡患者实施循证护理的要点及护理效果。方法2017年1月-2018年12月对消化内科80例胃溃疡患者实施研究,按随机数表法分组:常规组(n=40)和循证组(n=40),对常规组患者实施常规护理,对循证组进行循证护理,分析护理过程对患者认知状况、生活质量、依从性、病情恢复状况的影响。结果循证组护理后认知评分、生活质量评分与常规组组间对比更高(P<0.05)。循证组依从性高于常规组(P<0.05)。循证组病情恢复优良率高于常规组(P<0.05)。结论对胃溃疡患者实施循证护理可改善患者认知及依从性,提升患者康复效果及生存质量。     

Accelerated partial breast irradiation with interstitial multicatheter brachytherapy after breast-conserving surgery for low-risk early breast cancer

Patients with low-risk invasive ductal carcinoma treated with breast-conserving surgery (BCS) were included in a multicatheter brachytherapy APBI protocol. The primary endpoint was ipsilateral breast recurrence. Between December 2008–December 2017, 186 low-risk breast cancer patients were treated with APBI using interstitial multicatheter brachytherapy and followed prospectively. At 5-years of follow-up, cumulative local recurrence (LR) and cause-specific survival was 1.1% (95% CI 0.3–1.9) and 98.3% (95% CI 97.3–99.3%) respectively. No grade 3 adverse effects were observed. Postoperative APBI using multicatheter brachytherapy after BCS in early breast cancer patients have excellent rates of local control and survival, without significant toxicity.     

Tracking myeloma tumor DNA in peripheral blood

Over the past years, the emergence of liquid biopsy technologies has dramatically expanded our ability to assess multiple myeloma without the need for invasive sampling. Interrogation of cell-free DNA from the peripheral blood recapitulates the mutational landscape at excellent concordance with matching bone marrow aspirates. It can quantify disease burden and identify previously undetected resistance mechanisms which may inform clinical management in real-time. The convenience of sample acquisition and storage provides strong procedural benefits over currently available testing. Further investigations will have to define the role of cell-free DNA as a diagnostic measure by determining clinically relevant tumor thresholds in comparison to existing routine parameters. This review presents an overview of currently available assays and discusses the clinical value, potential and limitations of cell-free DNA technologies for the assessment of this challenging disease.     

三种不同时机下术前导尿配合手术室护理对全麻手术患者苏醒期躁动的影响

摘要 目的 观察三种不同时机下术前导尿配合手术室护理对全身麻醉（全麻）手术患者苏醒期躁动的影响。方法 选择2017年1月～2018年12月于我院行择期全麻手术的患者100例，根据术前导尿时机分为3组：A组（手术当日清晨在病房导尿，33例）、B组（麻醉前在手术室导尿，30例）、C组（麻醉平稳后在手术室导尿，37例）。记录并比较3组麻醉时间、术中输液量、术中出血量、苏醒时间及导尿前后收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）及心率（HR）变化，比较3组一次性导尿成功率、术后导尿管适应度及苏醒期躁动发生情况，采用自拟问卷调查患者护理满意度。结果 3组麻醉时间、术中输液量、术中出血量及苏醒时间比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；A组导尿后SBP、DBP、HR较导尿前均显著升高（P<0.05），B组和C组SBP、DBP、HR与导尿前比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；A组一次性导尿成功率显著低于B组和C组，术后导尿管适应度显著差于B组和C组（P<0.05）；A组苏醒期躁动发生率显著高于C组，苏醒期躁动分级显著高于C组P<0.05）；A组护理满意度评分显著低于B组和C组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 在麻醉前后于手术室进行导尿的效果明显优于手术当日清晨在病房导尿，配合手术室护理干预可有效提高患者术后对导尿管的适应度，降低苏醒期躁动发生率，提高患者护理满意度。     

预见性护理在糖尿病性白内障患者围术期护理中的应用

目的探究预见性护理在糖尿病性白内障患者围术期护理中的应用效果。方法从2018年5~11月聊城市第三人民医院收治的糖尿病性白内障手术患者中选出92例,随机分成两组,对照组采取常规护理,观察组采取“常规护理+预见性护理”,各46例。比较两组患者的并发症发生率、生活质量。结果观察组患者的并发症发生率显著低于对照组,生活质量评分显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论预见性护理可显著降低糖尿病性白内障患者并发症发生率,提高患者生活质量。