Patients with Alcohol Problems in the Emergency Department,Part 1: Improving Detection*

Abstract. Medical and social problems related to alcohol use are frequently seen in the ED. Often, the tempo of emergency medicine practice seems to preclude assessment beyond that required by the acute complaint. However, detection of ED patients with alcohol problems can occur using brief screening tools. This article was developed by members of the SAEM Substance Abuse Task Force, and describes screening tools that have been used successfully to identify atrisk and dependent drinkers. Their brevity, reproducibility, and accuracy vary somewhat, but screening can be realistically performed in the busy ED setting. The early detection of patients with alcohol problems would provide the opportunity for early intervention, and may reduce subsequent morbidity and mortality in this patient population.     

A preventive intervention for enhancing resilience among highly stressed urban children

Describes the development and evaluation of a pilot 12-session, school-based preventive intervention designed to enhance resilience among inner-city children who have experienced major life stress. Thirty-six 4th–6th grade children participated in the intervention in groups of 5–8 co-led by school personnel. The curriculum focussed on understanding feelings in oneself and others, perspective-taking, social problem-solving, dealing with solvable and unsolvable problems, and building self-efficacy and esteem. Pre-post evaluation showed significant improvement among participants on teacher-rated indices of learning problems and task orientation and on child ratings of perceived self-efficacy, realistic control attributions and anxiety. Program limitations and factors that restrict generalization are considered and new directions for program development and research are proposed.     

后房型人工晶体植入术后早期并发症临床分析及处理

报告468例500眼后房型人工晶体植入术后2周内出现的并发症发生率,其中角膜水肿73.6％,色素膜炎症反应88.4％,瞳孔变形12.8％,人工晶体表面渗出膜3.8％,后囊混浊13.8％,短暂性高眼压5.2％,晶体皮质残留5.8％,人工晶体偏位2.6％,前房出血3％。提高术后视力的关键是提高手术技巧以减少并发症的发生。     

The Effects of Incentives and Research Requirements on Participation Rates for a Community-Based Preventive Intervention Research Study

This investigation utilized prospective survey data to examine the influence of a research incentive ($100) and requirement (videotaping) on decisions to participate in prevention research. Individuals were significantly attracted by the incentive, and marginally deterred by the requirement. Interaction analyses revealed that the positive incentive effect was stronger among prospective participants with less education and who were otherwise less likely to participate. These findings indicate that monetary incentives can be useful for increasing participation rates, and may help reduce sampling bias by increasing rates most strongly among individuals who are typically less likely to take part in research projects.     

大学生心理障碍干预实验研究

目的　探索有效的心理障碍治疗方法 ,降低大学生心理障碍发病率。方法　以经SCL - 90测试分析筛检出≥ 2项因子分在 2 3以上的心理障碍者 2 0 5人为研究对象 ,采取心理治疗、中药治疗、中药与心理疗法结合治疗 3种干预模式对实验组心理障碍者进行为期半年治疗 ,对实验组与空白对照组测试情况比较、各实验组组间比较 ,干预前、后测试结果比较 ,对干预效果进行评价。结果　 3个干预实验组与对照组相比 ,SCL - 90测试结果均低于对照组 ;干预前后SCL - 90测试总分、总均分、各因子分差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 0 1)。结论　 3种干预方式对心理障碍均有不同程度的疗效 ,以中药与心理疗法结合治疗效果最佳。     

老年病人睡眠状况及护理干预研究进展

综述了老年人睡眠质量及其影响因素、睡眠障碍的危害、老年病人睡眠的护理干预。建议进行前瞻性干预试验,为改善老年人的睡眠质量提供依据。     

Gonadotrophin dynamics during reproductive life.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels in early follicular phase throughout the reproductive years. METHOD: FSH and LH concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Linear and polynomial regressions were carried out considering basal FSH as the dependent and age as the independent variable. RESULTS: FSH levels increased throughout the reproductive years (P<0.025). A positive correlation between age and basal FSH levels was detected (P<0.05). The Pearson squared coefficient of r(2)=0.889 was obtained. Using polynomial regression, the inclination of the parabole (Y=7.97-0.009x+0.057x(2)) was 0.359 and the generalized correlation coefficient was r=0.795. The goodness of fit analysis showed that the parabole may better represent the phenomenon (F=4.7; P<0.05). The LH levels remained constant, increasing only beyond 40 years of age. CONCLUSION: The FSH levels rose in a nonlinear way during the reproductive life and the LH concentrations increased discreetly only in patients over 40 years of age.     

急性心肌梗塞错误溶栓治疗12例分析

自1993年12月至1995年8月，对155例急性心肌梗塞（AMI）病人进行溶栓治疗，12例发生误溶(7．7％）。其中早期复极综合征4例，室壁瘤2例，心肌炎1例，心肌病1例，完全性左束支阻滞1例，间歇性左前分支阻滞互例，其它2例。本文分析了误溶病例与AMI的鉴别要点，并提出了减少误溶，提高诊疗水平的措施。     

内镜激光治疗食管和贲门早期表浅癌疗效及DNA和p53表达与预后关系的研究

目的：研究内镜Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光治疗食管和贲门早期表浅癌的远期疗效和ＤＮＡ及ｐ５３表达与预后的关系。方法：对内镜激光治疗癌细胞消失的３２例食管和贲门早期表浅癌病人进行３３～７８个月（平均５５．３个月）的随访。并与１１７例早期食管癌和贲门癌的自然病程对比分析。应用ＰｒｏｄｕｃｔＬｉｍｉｔＥｓｔｉｍａｔｅ方法计算其存活率。应用免疫组化染色法检测ｐ５３表达。应用分光光度计测定癌细胞ＤＮＡ含量。结果：内镜激光治疗５年存活率为９７％，自然病程５年存活率为６７％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ｐ５３阳性表达和ＤＮＡ非整倍体型病人的复发率分别为７６．９％和６４．３％。结论：内镜Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光是治疗食管和贲门早期表浅癌的有效方法。抗癌基因ｐ５３和ＤＮＡ倍体数与病人的预后有关。