Association between alcohol consumption patterns and metabolic syndrome

AimsExamine associations between self-reported alcohol consumption patterns and metabolic syndrome.Materials and methodsSample (N = 7432) included adult (≥20 years) participants in the 1999–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.ResultsAbove moderate alcohol consumption (AMAC) was negatively associated with waist circumference among those in the 20–29, 40–49, and 70–79 age groups (β = −6.21, β = −8.34, and β = −6.60, respectively) and moderate alcohol consumption (MAC) was negatively associated with waist circumference among those in the 30–39, 40–49, and 70–79 age groups (β = −4.60, β = −5.69, and β = −2.88, respectively). AMAC was negatively associated with triglycerides among those in the 70–79 and 80+ age groups (β = −23.62 and β = −34.18, respectively) and positively associated with HDL-C levels in all groups (β range 8.96–18.25). MAC was positively associated with HDL-C in the age groups spanning 20–69 years (β range 3.05–5.34) and those over 80 (β = 5.26). AMAC and MAC were negatively associated with fasting glucose levels in the 20–29 and 70–79 age groups (β = −3.38 and −15.61, respectively). MAC was negatively associated with fasting glucose levels among those 70–79 and those over 80 years of age (β = −7.06 and β = −5.00, respectively).ConclusionMAC and AMAC may favorably impact metabolic health.     

Opposite fates of fructose in the development of metabolic syndrome

This short review comments on the recently published work of Ishimoto et al regarding the opposing effects of fructokinase C and A isoforms on fructose-induced metabolic syndrome in mice. The framework for the commentary is the preexisting background of epidemiological and experimental data regarding the association between ingestion of fructose, as present in sweetened beverages, and the development of metabolic syndrome. The work of Ishimoto et al clearly confirms the negative effect of fructose on lipid and glucose metabolism, independently from the amount of energy provided by the ingested sugar. It also confirms the absolute requirement of liver fructose metabolism, driven by fructokinase activity, in order to develop the full spectrum of metabolic syndrome alterations.     

血脂相关性心血管剩留风险控制中国专家共识

近60年来,对心血管疾病危险因素的综合控制取得了显著成效。然而,经目前标准治疗,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）、血压、血糖等传统危险因素得到控制后,血脂异常患者仍存在较高的心血管事件的剩留风险。     

Combined Hyperlipidemia In A Single Subject With Tetraplegia: Ineffective Risk Reduction After Atorvastatin Monotherapy

Abstract

Background/Objective: Effects of atorvastatin (Lipitor) drug monotherapy (1 0 mg daily) on fasting blood Iipid profiles and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks were examined for a single subject with C5-C6 tetraplegia. Routine fasting Iipid profiles were analyzed by standard biochemistry techniques for total cholesterol (TC) , triglycerides (TG) , low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) , and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). Lipid profiles were analyzed on 3 occasions before drug therapy was initiated and 3 months after therapy commenced. The TC:HDL and LDL:HDL ratios were computed for all sampling times and used to assess pretreatment and post-treatment CVD risk.

Results: Fasting TC, TG, and LDL-C were all significantly reduced by therapy. The pretreatment HDL-C of 3 5 mg/ dl was lowered to 21 mg/ dl. As a result, the TC:HDL risk ratiowas only marginally reduced from 6 .6 to 6.4, whereas the LDL:HDL risk ratio remained unchanged by treatment.

Conclusions: In this man with tetraplegia, atorvastatin drug monotherapy rapidly lowered TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C. However, the TC: HDL ratio, considered the best predictor of CVD risk, was unchanged.     

A review of PCSK9 inhibition and its effects beyond LDL receptors

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) plays an integral role in the degradation of low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDL-R), making it an intriguing target for emerging pharmacotherapy. Two PCSK9 inhibitors, alirocumab and evolocumab, have been approved and are available in the United States and European Union. However, much of the PCSK9 story remains to be told. The pipeline for additional pharmacotherapy options is rich with several compounds under development, using alternative strategies for inhibiting PCSK9. Perhaps, more intriguing is the interaction between PCSK9 and non-LDL-R targets, including mediators of inflammation and immunological processes, which remain under intense investigation. This review will discuss the currently available PCSK9 inhibitors, the development of novel approaches to PCSK9 modulation, and the potential non-LDL-R-mediated effects of PCSK9 inhibition.     

阿托伐他汀联合丹参酮对慢性肾病患者白蛋白尿和血脂异常的影响

目的 评价阿托伐他汀和丹参酮联用对慢性肾病（CKD）患者肾功能和糖脂代谢参数的影响。方法 前瞻性纳入伴有白蛋白尿和血脂异常非透析性CKD患者90例,随机分为观察组（n=45）和对照组（n=45）。在CKD标准化治疗的基础上,对照组给予丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠注射液;观察组加用阿托伐他汀钙片10 mg/d。两组疗程均为6个月。比较两组患者治疗前后的糖脂代谢功能及肝肾功能。结果 治疗半年后,两组患者的总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）均下降,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）增加,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;且观察组患者的TC、TG、LDL-C显著低于对照组,HDL-C显著高于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。所有患者对阿托伐他汀均耐受,两组患者的天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）及肌酸激酶（CK）均无显著性差异。观察组和对照组患者的肾小球滤过率（eGFR）和高尿白蛋白肌酐比（UACR）无统计学差异。结论 他汀类药物联合丹参酮改善了CKD患者的血脂异常状态,表现出一定的肾脏保护作用。     

血脂代谢紊乱与腹膜透析置管大网膜包裹的关系

目的探讨血脂代谢紊乱和腹膜透析置管术后发生大网膜包裹的关系。方法选择中南大学湘雅医院肾内科收集腹膜透析置管术后发生大网膜包裹病例15例,以同期未发生大网膜包裹病例30例为对照,对比二组发生血脂代谢紊乱的差异。同时,以是否存在血脂代谢紊乱分组,对比腹膜透析置管术后大网膜包裹的发生率。结果大网膜包裹组的三酰甘油（TG）、胆固醇（CHO）和低密度脂蛋白（LDL）明显高于非大网膜包裹组;大网膜包裹组载脂蛋白A1（APOA1）水平则低于非大网膜包裹组。结论血脂代谢紊乱与腹膜透析置管术后发生大网膜包裹相关,可能是易于发生大网膜包裹的一个危险因素。     

肥胖患者椎管内麻醉后低血压的危险因素及预测的有效性

目的探讨肥胖患者椎管内麻醉后发生低血压的危险因素,评估肥胖相关指标预测椎管内麻醉后低血压的效果。方法选取2018年6月至2019年6月在本院择期行椎管内麻醉手术肥胖患者228例,男115例,女113例,年龄18～70岁,BMI≥24 kg/m~2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。根据患者椎管内麻醉后仰卧位10 min内是否发生低血压分为两组:低血压组和非低血压组,低血压定义为MAP下降幅度超过基线值的20%。采用二元logistic回归分析肥胖患者椎管内麻醉后发生低血压的危险因素,并用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)计算肥胖相关测量指标对椎管内麻醉后低血压的预测效果及阈值。结果共有97例(42.5%)患者椎管内麻醉后发生低血压。其中血脂异常(OR=3.593,95%CI 1.974～6.541)和腹型肥胖(OR=1.980,95%CI 1.068～3.668)是肥胖患者椎管内麻醉后发生低血压的独立危险因素。在肥胖相关测量指标中,腰围对肥胖患者椎管内麻醉后低血压的预测效果最优,男性患者阈值为87.5 cm,敏感性92.9%,特异性81.4%。女性患者阈值为83.5 cm,敏感性89.6%,特异性93.8%。结论术前重视肥胖患者的血脂及腰围可以有助于预测椎管内麻醉后低血压。     

新疆维吾尔族成人血脂流行特点分析

目的调查新疆维吾尔族成人血脂流行特点。方法采用多级整群抽样调查,于2007年10月至2008年1月,测定1283名维吾尔族居民的TG、TC、HDL—C、LDL—C。结果血脂异常总患病率为49．4％,其中男性患病率为54．7％、女性患病率为44．5％,低HDL—C患病率最高,为37．6％。60岁以上的老年患者是血脂异常的高发人群。超重、向心性肥胖、高血压及糖尿病均与血脂异常相关。结论新疆维吾尔族成人血脂异常患病率高,防治工作应侧重于老年人,建议合理膳食、增加体育运动、降低体重以及控制烟酒,并注意高血压、糖尿病等多种危险因素的防治。