儿童青少年外周总胆红素分布及其与血脂异常的关系

目的 为探索儿童青少年外周总胆红素（total bilirubin,TBIL）分布特点及其与血脂异常的关系。方法 采用普查方法调查宜兴市7所中小学的学生,3 787名资料完整对象被纳入分析。采用成组t检验分析男女TBIL的差异,方差分析比较不同年龄组TBIL水平。单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析TBIL与血脂异常的风险。结果 6~16岁男生和女生TBIL均随年龄的增加而上升（均有P_趋势<0.05）,在7~岁、8~岁和10~岁年龄组,女生TBIL较男生偏高（均有P<0.05）。男生和女生TBIL与高密度脂蛋白正相关（均有P<0.001）,与甘油三酯负相关（均有P<0.001）;女生中TBIL水平与总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白正相关（均有P<0.001）;校正年龄、性别和体质指数后,与最低四分位数的TBIL对象（Q1）相比,Q2（OR=0.690,95%CI:0.568~0.739,P<0.001）、Q3（OR=0.575,95%CI:0.471~0.701,P<0.001）、Q4（OR=0.552,95%CI:0.451~0.676,P<0.001）的对象血脂异常风险降低。结论 儿童青少年TBIL随年龄的增加上升,高年龄组男生高于女生,高水平的TBIL可以降低血脂异常风险。     

北京市城区全科医生对调脂药物合理应用的掌握情况及其影响因素研究

背景　随着我国大力推进分级诊疗制度,越来越多的居民选择到社区医院首诊,这就对全科医生的诊疗能力提出了很高的要求。全科医生对于血脂异常的认知程度及处理策略极大程度上影响我国居民血脂异常的控制水平。目的　了解北京市城区全科医生对调脂药物合理应用的掌握情况及其影响因素。方法　2019年3-5月采用分层抽样法从北京市城六区的社区卫生服务中心选取440例全科医生进行面对面问卷调查,问卷内容主要包括两部分：医生的基本信息及血脂异常合理用药遴选题目,其中药物遴选题目包括9个条目,满分为7分。结果　回收有效问卷431份（98.0%）。9个血脂异常合理用药条目总平均得分为（3.72±1.49）分。不同性别、最高学历所学专业、参加血脂异常相关培训次数、每天接诊人数、接诊患者中血脂异常比例的全科医生血脂异常合理用药的药物遴选得分比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多重线性回归分析结果显示,性别、血脂异常相关培训次数、接诊患者中血脂异常比例是全科医生血脂异常合理用药的药物遴选得分的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论　北京城区全科医生血脂异常合理用药知识得分较低,应该有针对性地加强血脂异常相关知识培训,提高全科医生的血脂异常合理用药能力,从而对血脂异常患者进行更有效管理。     

上海市社区居民中心性肥胖与打鼾对血脂异常的交互作用

目的 探讨上海市社区居民中心性肥胖与打鼾对血脂异常的交互作用。方法 利用2017年上海市慢性病及其危险因素监测数据（SHCR-2017）,通过多阶段分层抽样,合计纳入研究对象20 259人,应用多因素logistic回归评价中心性肥胖与打鼾对血脂异常患病的影响。采用相乘交互、相加交互作用模型评估中心性肥胖和打鼾对血脂异常患病的交互作用。结果 上海市血脂异常检出率为35.5%,高甘油三酯血症（18.2%）和低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症（15.8%）为主要特征。经混杂因素调整后,中心性肥胖（OR=1.74,95%CI:1.63～1.85)与打鼾（OR=1.16,95%CI:1.09～1.24）均与血脂异常相关。交互作用分析表明,中心性肥胖与打鼾对血脂异常患病无显著相乘交互作用（OR=0.98,95%CI:0.87～1.11）。两者对血脂异常患病存在相加交互作用（RERI=2.21,95%CI:1.61～2.81;SI=3.40,95%CI:3.07～3.78;AP=0.54,95%CI:0.49～0.58）。血脂异常四种临床类型中,研究对象对高甘油三酯血症、低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症患病的相加交...     

Metabolically unhealthy phenotype in adults with normal weight: Is cardiometabolic health worse off when compared to adults with obesity?

The concept of metabolically healthy vs. unhealthy obese (MHO vs. MUO) was expanded to non-obese individuals as obesity-related comorbidities exist in a sub-group of normal weight (NW), i.e., MHNW vs. MUNW. It is unclear if MUNW differs from MHO with respect to cardiometabolic health.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to compare cardiometabolic disease risk factors between MH vs. MU across weight status, NW, and obesity.MethodA total of 8160 adults were included in the study from both the 2019 and 2020 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Individuals with NW vs. obesity were further stratified as MH vs. MU by using AHA/NHLBI criterion for metabolic syndrome. A retrospective pair-matched analysis with respect to sex (male/female) and age ( ± 2 years) was performed to verify our total cohort analyses/results.ResultsDespite a gradual increase in BMI and waist circumference from MHNW to MUNW to MHO to MUO, the surrogate estimates of insulin resistance and arterial stiffness were higher in MUNW vs. MHO. When compared to the MHNW, MUNW and MUO showed higher odds of hypertension (MUNW: 512%, MUO: 784%), dyslipidemia (MUNW: 210%, MUO: 245%), and diabetes (MUNW: 920%, MUO: 4012%), with no difference between MHNW and MHO.ConclusionIndividuals with MUNW vs. MHO have greater vulnerability to cardiometabolic disease. Our data indicate that cardiometabolic risk is not solely dependent on adiposity, suggesting that early preventive efforts for chronic disease are needed for individuals with NW yet MU.     

某国企血脂异常员工强化健康干预效果评价

目的：评价强化健康教育和行为干预对血脂异常员工血脂水平的影响。方法将2013年6月体检的某国企血脂异常员工117例,随机分成研究组(59例)和对照组(58例),对研究组实施为期1年的有针对性的强化健康教育和行为干预,对对照组仅给予一般性健康建议,记录干预前后的血脂情况。运用 SPSS 软件进行统计分析。结果研究组的体质量指数、TC、TG 和 LDL-C 均数相比对照组明显降低(P <0.05);研究组受试者各项指标达标率优于对照组(P <0.05)。结论强化健康教育和行为干预,对控制血脂水平能起到比一般性健康建议更加积极有效的作用。     

Socio-Urban Spatial Patterns Associated with Dyslipidemia among Schoolchildren in the City of San Luis Potosi,Mexico

The places where a child lives and attends to school are both major environmental and social determinants of its present and future health status. Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and some of their risk factors among child and adolescent populations are obesity and dyslipidemia, so finding the patterns of distribution of these risk factors by gender, type of school, area, and margination level is important to do health intervention focusing in their necessities to prevent diseases at younger ages. Because of that, a cross-sectional study was performed among elementary and junior high school students from public and private schools in six of the seven areas of the metropolitan zone of San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Biochemical dyslipidemia indicators (triglycerides, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein) and anthropometric data (weight and height) were obtained. Seventeen public schools and five private schools with a total of 383 students were included. More than half of the studied population (53.0 %) had elevated triglyceride levels. A total of 330 students (86.2 %) had normal levels of total cholesterol with a mean value of 141.7 mg/dl, and 202 schoolchildren (52.8 %) had lower than acceptable levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) with a mean value of 43.9 mg/dl. There were differences in the levels of high-density protein between the areas and the type of school where they had been studied. Finally, a total of 150 students (39.4 %) had at least one altered lipid value and 103 participants (26.9 %) had two altered values. Several students, despite their young age, showed a high prevalence of risk factors, so it is important to design programs according to their necessities.     

2型糖尿病患者血脂紊乱类型与心率变异性相关性分析

目的 研究2型糖尿病患者血脂紊乱类型对心率变异性的影响。方法 本研究为横断面研究,纳入湖北省人民医院2014年1月~2016年5月就医的725例2型糖尿病患者,其中血脂正常组231例患者为对照组,高甘油三酯组41例、高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇组20例、低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇组273例、高甘油三酯合并低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇组160例作为研究组。收录患者一般临床数据、糖代谢情况、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血浆致动脉硬化指数、24h动态心电图测定心率变异性（HRV）时域和频域参数。采用方差分析、χ²检验、Pearson相关分析、偏相关性分析探讨2型糖尿病患者血脂紊乱类型与心率变异性关系。结果 TG组、LDL-C组、HDL-C组、TG+HDL-C组与血脂正常组相比心率变异性明显降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。但偏相关性分析显示TG、AIP与心率变异性呈负相关,HDL-C与心率变异性呈正相关,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 甘油三酯（TG）增高、间接反应sLDL-C含量的血浆致动脉硬化指数（AIP）增高、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低与2型糖尿病患者心率变异性降低相关。     

Management of dyslipidemia in patients with HIV disease

The epidemiological, etiopathogenetic, laboratory and clinical features of serum lipid abnormalities occuring in the course of HIV disease are still poorly understood (especially when the supporting role of single antiretroviral compounds is considered), while limited literature data are to date available regarding the management of HIV-related dyslipidemia, as well as the efficacy and safety of dietary-exercise programs, and that of selected hypolipidemic agents. At this time, a careful monitoring of serum lipid profile is needed during combination antiretroviral therapy including protease inhibitors, in order to suggest a diet and hypolipidemic treatment when applicable, and to prevent clinical sequelae related to long-term dyslipidemia. The selection of an appropriate hypolipidemic agent is difficult, since no controlled studies are available in this field, and possibly increased risks of pharmacologic interactions, toxicity and impaired patient's adherence should be taken into consideration. Waiting for specific guidelines for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia in the setting of HIV infection, all available literature reports dealing with the management of HIV-associated hyperlipidemia are briefly discussed, on the basis of personal clinical experience.     

血脂异常患者的血脂管理目标研究进展

血脂管理可以降低动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病的风险。近年来,关于血脂异常的血脂管理理念正在转变。国内外的指南在持续更新,但对于血脂管理的监测靶目标、控制目标、风险等级、他汀类药物的推荐仍存在分歧。本文通过回顾国内外相关指南,结合最新临床研究进行分析,指出了血脂管理目标应根据患者具体情况多靶点监测,同时考虑控制目标的降低幅度,以达到个体化治疗。