A study on the glycemic,lipid and blood pressure control among the type 2 diabetes patients of north Kerala,India

AimThe aim of the study was to detect the level of comprehensive diabetes control among the diabetic patients of Kerala, India.MethodsPatients (1200) were randomly selected from a diabetes care center. Their blood sugar, biochemical and anthropometric measurements were done and statistically analyzed.ResultsOnly 28.3% had their HbA1c at or below 7% and 45% above 9%. One-third of the female and one-fifth of the male patients had coronary artery disease. The prevalence of hypertension was almost equal in both sexes. However, there was a statistically significant higher systolic blood pressure (mean 162.12 mmHg vs 147.49 mmHg, p = 0.01044) among females. The total cholesterol was above 200 mg/dl in 42.1% of males and 45.61% of females. The triglyceride was >150 mg/dl in 38.6% males and 50.88% females. Low high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were found in 20.07% of males and 41.12% of females (p = 0.0445). The mean low density lipoprotein (LDL) was 121.75 (± 32.29)ConclusionThe mean blood sugar values are found to be high, which will lead to a predictable increase in vascular disease, which in turn will affect the quality of health and productivity of the individual and the economic growth of the society as a whole. Studies suggest that therapeutic interventions to improve glycemic control may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and microvascular disease.This study shows that the level of diabetes control in Kerala is unsatisfactory. We need more medications, better strategies and more emphasis on glycemic management than we are currently able to apply.     

血脂异常者血清MCP-1、HO-1、APN和TNF-α水平的检测及临床价值

目的探讨血脂异常者血清单核细胞趋化蛋白-l(MCP-1)、血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)、脂联素(APN)及肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平的检测及临床价值。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测85例血脂异常者和35例健康对照者血清MCP-1、HO-1、APN及TNF-α的水平,同时检测血脂异常者血清其他脂类代谢指标[总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)]的水平,并分析MCP-1、HO-1、APN及TNF-α与脂类代谢指标的相关性。结果血脂异常者血清MCP-1、HO-1和APN水平较健康对照组均显著升高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01),而TNF-α水平较健康对照组则明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01);同时血脂异常者血清HO-1水平与MCP-1及LDL-C水平均呈正相关关系;APN水平则与TNF-α呈负相关关系,与LDL-C水平呈正相关关系;而健康对照组的HO-1水平与MCP-1水平无明显关系。结论血脂异常者血清MCP-1、HO-1和APN水平显著升高,而TNF-α水平则明显降低,说明MCP-1、HO-1、APN及TNF-α可能参与了动脉粥样硬化的发生及发展,并可能成为动脉粥样硬化潜在的预防或治疗靶点。     

Incidence,predictors, clinical profile,management and outcome of patients with isolated left main coronary artery ostial disease

ObjectivesIsolated left main coronary artery (LMCA) ostial disease is a rare variant of LMCA disease. Earlier studies on this disease are limited by small number of patients enrolled. The aim of the present study was to analyze the incidence, risk factors, clinical profile and long term outcome of patients with isolated LMCA ostial disease.Methods15,553 patients who underwent coronary angiogram in a single tertiary care cardiac hospital were analyzed for LMCA disease. 351(2.2%) patients were found to have significant LMCA disease out of which 28(0.18%) had isolated LMCA ostial disease. These 28 patients were compared with 323 non-ostial and non-isolated LMCA disease patients.ResultsThe mean age of isolated LMCA ostial disease group was significantly less than the other group (p=0.009). Females were more affected than males (p=0.008). They also had low incidence of coronary risk factors (especially dyslipidemia, p=0.04). They tend to present more with stable angina and less with myocardial infarction. They had higher ejection fraction and normal regional wall motion (p=0.04). There was no mortality difference between two groups at the end of 1 year (p=0.234).ConclusionIn one of the largest studies done in these patients, we found that isolated LMCA ostial disease is more common in middle aged females with few coronary risk factors. These patients also had a better ejection fraction and normal regional wall motion compared to patients with non-ostial and non-isolated LMCA disease. The clinical and angiographic profile of these patients suggests that they may represent a distinct clinical entity.     

Protein Oxidative Stress and Dyslipidemia in Dialysis Patients

Our aim was to investigate and determine the associations between oxidative stress (OS), dyslipidemia and inflammation in patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and hemodialysis (HD) using observational cross‐sectional study. Twenty patients in CAPD and 48 in HD for at least 8 weeks and aged ≥18 years were included in the study. Individuals with malignant or acute inflammatory disease were excluded. A control group of 17 healthy individuals was also recruited. The biochemical parameter evaluations were analyzed using colorimetric kits for albumin, serum glucose, total cholesterol (TC) and lipid fractions. To determine the inflammatory status, CRP, IL‐6 and TNF‐α were analyzed by automated chemiluminescence kits. Plasma advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) were determined by spectrophotometry. Mean AOPP levels were significantly higher for the HD group compared to the control, and there was no difference in AOPP concentrations between the control and CAPD groups. Dialysis patients had levels of inflammatory parameters higher than controls, and showed a high prevalence of patients with dyslipidemia, especially in CAPD. In the HD group, AOPP was positively correlated with triglycerides (TG) and inversely associated with HDL. Also the HD group was observed to have negative associations between TNF‐α and HDL, LDL and TC. In the CAPD group, CRP was inversely correlated with HDL. Hemodialysis patients had increased protein OS and associations of inflammation and dyslipidemia were also observed in these dialysis groups. A more detailed characterization of the relations between oxidative stress and other more traditional risk factors has therapeutic importance, since cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death among dialysis patients.     

多囊卵巢综合征患者血脂异常与胰岛素抵抗的相关性研究

目的探讨多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者血脂异常与胰岛素抵抗的相关性。方法收集在我院就诊的符合鹿特丹标准、未经药物治疗的PCOS患者200例,记录患者的一般资料,检测基础性激素水平及血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平,行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)和胰岛素释放实验(IRT),计算体重指数(BMI)、胰岛素抵抗稳态指数模型(HOMA-IR)等参数。并按TG水平将患者分为血脂正常组(TG1.7 mmol/L)和血脂异常组(TG≥1.7mmol/L),比较两组患者的BMI、各时相血糖水平和胰岛素水平、HOMA-IR指数,以及生殖内分泌指标等的差异,探讨TG与HOMA-IR的相关性,并分析TG、HDL、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)作为评估胰岛素抵抗替代指标的可行性。结果 PCOS患者血脂异常的发生率为16.69%。除半小时血糖两组间比较无显著性差异外,血脂异常组患者的年龄、BMI、游离睾酮(FT)、HOMA-IR以及各时相血糖水平和胰岛素水平均显著高于血脂正常组(P均0.05)。用TG作为替代指标预测胰岛素抵抗的ROC曲线下面积为0.798,最佳切点为1.025mmol/L,对应的敏感度和1-特异度分别为0.806和0.317,阳性似然比提高了2.54倍。结论 TG可以作为预测PCOS患者胰岛素抵抗的替代指标。当TG水平≥最佳切点1.025mmol/L时,患者发生胰岛素抵抗的风险显著增加。