Morphology of corticotectal cells in the primary visual cortex of hooded rats

In primary visual cortex of hooded rats, pyramidal cells in layer V may be classified as long, medium, or short, on the basis of the layer in which the apical dendrite terminates. The present study determines which of these types of pyramidal cells project to the superior colliculus. Two different strategies were used to label corticotectal cells with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In the first set of experiments, a large number of corticotectal cells were labeled by retrograde transport following injection of HRP into the superior colliculus. In the second set of experiments, single unit recording was used to identify corticotectal cells physiologically by antidromic activation from the superior colliculus. These cells were then impaled and labeled by intracellular iontophoresis of HRP. The results from both techniques suggest that only long pyramidal cells send an axon to the superior colliculus. These cells are distinguished by an apical dendrite that extends into layer I. We conclude that in hooded rats corticotectal cells in primary visual cortex are the long pyramids in layer V.     

复方丹参注射液干扰素治疗乙肝后肝纤维化

目的探讨复方丹参注射液联合干扰素治疗慢性乙肝患者的疗效。方法110例慢性乙肝患者，按随机方法分成①对照组30例，应用普通保肝药物治疗，疗程6个月；②丹参组30例，应用复方丹参注射液（每ml含丹参、降香各1g）30ml加入10％葡萄糖溶液300ml中静脉注射1个月；③IFN组30例，应用IFN—α 3MU，隔日一次肌内注射，3个月；④联合组20例，应用复方丹参注射液30ml加10％葡萄糖溶液300ml静脉注射1个月，IFN-α 3MU，隔日一次肌内注射，3个月。丹参组，IFN组和联合组保肝药物治疗同对照组。四组病例在性别、年龄、病程，治疗前肝功能等方面均无统计学差异。治疗前检测肝功能，肝炎病毒标志，血清HA、IV—C、PCI—Ⅱ，部分病例进行肝穿病理检查。治疗开始后每月检测肝功能，3个月（治疗后）和6个月（随访时）时检测血清HA、IV—C、PCⅢ及乙肝病毒标志，治疗后1年行肝穿病理检查。结果治疗前四组患者血清HA、PCⅢ、IV—C水平无统计学差异；治疗后丹参组、IFN组、联合组血清HA、FCⅢ、IV—C水平较治疗前及对照组有不同程度的降低。结论复方丹参注射液联合IFN治疗可使血清HA、PCⅢ、IV—C有明显下降，肝组织病理改变明显改善，为目前有效的慢性乙肝治疗措施。     

脑膜转移癌诊疗现状

脑膜转移癌(CM)近年来发病率有所提升.其诊断为腰穿脑脊液及以核磁共振成像为主的影像学检查.治疗方法包括鞘内化疗、放射治疗、手术及对症支持,但具体治疗方案存在争议.目前推荐个体化治疗及综合治疗,靶向药物在本病中的应用有望取得较好的治疗效果.     

蜂毒和风痛宁穴位注射治疗骨关节炎468例

目的　探索骨关节炎新的有效治疗途径。方法　运用纯中药制剂蜂毒注射液和风痛宁注射液穴位注射治疗本病 ,并与局封治疗作对照比较。结果　治疗组总有效率为 92 .5 2 % ,对照组为 77.0 0 % ,两组比较有显著差异 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,且两组副作用、复发时间均有显著差异 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　蜂毒和风痛宁穴位注射治疗本病疗效优于局封治疗 ,且能减少副作用 ,延长复发时间。     

Pharmacy customers’ views and experiences of using pharmacies which provide needle exchange services in Aberdeen and Glasgow, Scotland

Community pharmacists contribution to the management of drug problems is considerable. As the use of illicit drugs has increased, pharmacists have come under increasing pressure to offer services to problem drug users. However, there is concern among some pharmacists that offering such services may deter other customers. There is particular concern among some pharmacists about needle exchange services. Only 9.5% of Scottish pharmacies offer needle exchange services compared to 69% which are dispensing methadone (57% of which supervise methadone consumption). Qualitative interviews were used in a purposive sample of 10 pharmacies in Scotland. Eight customers were interviewed in each pharmacy to ascertain pharmacy customers’ views on these services. The majority of customers were supportive of these services. Customers were often unaware that the pharmacy they were interviewed in was offering services for people with drug problems. Pharmacy customers were more knowledgeable about, and more supportive, of needle exchange services than they were of methadone. This was because they believed needle exchange services helped to reduce the amount of discarded needles in public places. Pharmacy customers also recognised that needle exchange helped reduce the spread of disease. These findings should be used to encourage more pharmacists to offer needle exchange services.     

炎琥宁与阿奇霉素联合治疗小儿支原体肺炎

目的:探讨炎琥宁辅助治疗小儿支原体肺炎的疗效.方法:将141例临床确诊的支原体肺炎患儿随机分为两组,治疗组71例,应用阿奇霉素加炎琥宁静点.对照组70例,单纯使用阿奇霉素治疗.结果:治疗组有效率96%,对照组有效率87%,两组统计学差异显著(P＜0.05),治疗组疗效优于对照组.结论:炎琥宁辅助治疗小儿支原体肺炎,临床症状消失快,疗效显著,无明显不良反应,值得推广.     

应用前列腺素E1注射治疗勃起功能障碍8年经验

目的观察前列腺素E1(PGE1)注射治疗勃起功能障碍(ED)的长期疗效、副作用及预后。方法使用PGE1行阴茎海绵体注射,阴茎硬度检查仪(Rigiscan)连续记录1h,并根据观察结果,调查PGE1注射剂量,确定每例患者合适的注射量,掌握注射方法后回家自行注射。共筛选出ED患者410例,随访患者阴茎勃起情况、药量调整和副作用。结果410例ED患者中,心理性139例,静脉性83例,动脉性36例,神经性78例,混合性74例。对治疗满意的患者有256例(62.44%),其中21例(5.1%)在使用PGE15次后停用,并能达到满意的性生活而治愈。293例(71.46%)患者自述注射时有胀痛感。171例(43.17%)因疼痛(105例)、操作不便(25例)、副作用顾虑(37例)和其他原因(4例)而于6个月后放弃治疗。204例(49.76%)患者使用时间已超过1年,24例(5.85%)患者使用时间已超过5年,7例(1.7%)使用已有8年。未发现阴茎异常勃起和阴茎海绵体纤维化。注射损伤阴茎表面血管致瘀斑者有20例。有27例患者失访。结论PGE1是治疗ED的一种安全有效的药物,可以长期使用。其最常见的副作用是阴茎疼痛。Rigiscan能帮助确定PGE1的注射剂量。     

Targeted Thrombolytic Therapy

Venous and arterial thrombosis are closely related to many severe diseases, especially to cardiovascular and cerebrovasular disorders. Thrombolytic therapy has been proven to be an effective method to treat such disease, which decreased the mortality and morbidity greatly.     

应用动力髁螺钉联合骨肽注射液治疗股骨髁上骨不连疗效观察

目的观察应用动力髁螺钉联合骨肽注射液治疗股骨髁上骨不连的疗效。方法53例股骨髁上骨不连患者随机分为两组：对照组（26例）和治疗组（27例）,两组均应用动力髁螺钉治疗,治疗组加用骨肽注射液治疗。随访,进行疗效评价,记录骨愈合时间和测定疼痛指数。结果治疗组疗效优于对照组。结论应用动力髁螺钉联合骨肽注射液治疗股骨髁上骨不连可提高疗效。     

炎性肠病药物治疗的循证医学研究进展

目的:从循证医学的角度解析炎性肠病药物治疗的相关进展。旨在提高对临床证据的认知,帮助临床医生评估新的治疗,从批判的视角重新看待以往的治疗。方法:收集国外近期相关文献进行评价。结果及结论:炎性肠病(IBD)的发病机制尚不清楚,众多的治疗方案可供选择。因此,循证医学研究结果有非常重要的临床指导意义。IBD的研究方面取得了可喜的进步。但是,有关CD活动指数(CDAI)和临床分型系统仍有待于改进。通过循证医学的研究证据有望确定安全和易于耐受的药物,并能发现目前诊治方面存在的缺陷和问题,更好地解决患者的病痛。