双J管在直肠膀胱-乙状结肠腹壁造口术中的应用

目的探讨双J管内引流在直肠膀胱-乙状结肠腹壁造口术中的应用价值。方法对8例行直肠膀胱-乙状结肠腹壁造口术治疗的患者使用双J管作支架管,并与同期使用输尿管导管的12例患者进行对比。结果使用双J管者无一例发生吻合口漏尿、狭窄、伤口及尿路逆行感染等并发症,术后平均住院(12.25±2.60)d;使用输尿管导管者2例分别发生漏尿和切口感染,无并发症者术后平均住院(18.30±6.70)d,二者差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论在直肠膀胱-乙状结肠腹壁造口术中,使用双J管作支架管可减轻住院期间的护理工作,缩短住院时间,减少住院费用及并发症,有推广应用价值。     

Endoscopic variceal ligation is a sufficient procedure for the treatment of oesophageal varices in patients with hepatitis C liver cirrhosis: comparison with injection sclerotherapy

AIMS: Endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) is a recently developed alternative to endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) for the treatment of oesophageal varices. Endoscopic variceal ligation and EIS were compared in an attempt to clarify the efficacy and safety of EVL for patients with cirrhosis due to hepatitis C. METHODS: Endoscopic variceal ligation was performed in 60 patients and EIS in 30. Varices were eradicated in all patients by EVL and 87% (26 out of 30) by EIS. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between EVL and EIS in relation to the incidence of bleeding and the 5 year survival rate after treatment. There were no severe complications except mild substernal pain after EVL, while pulmonary embolism occurred in one patient receiving EIS. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic variceal ligation is a safe and effective technique for eradicating oesophageal varices in patients with hepatitis C cirrhosis.     

内镜与生长抑素联合治疗食管静脉曲张出血

目的　观察内镜下治疗和生长抑素（ Ｓ Ｓ）联合对食管静脉曲张出血的短期止血效果。方法　病人分二组, Ｓ Ｓ组在急诊内镜前后连续用 Ｓ Ｓ ５ 天;联合组在 Ｓ Ｓ基础上加行内镜下硬化剂或套扎,但内镜４８ 小时后停用 Ｓ Ｓ。结果　硬化剂３７ 例和套扎３２ 例共计６９ 例的联合组与６４ 例 Ｓ Ｓ组间具可比性。在需气囊压迫、最初止血率、再出血率和死亡率方面,联合组的效果显著优于 Ｓ Ｓ组。二组间的输出血量差异不显著。结论　与单纯 Ｓ Ｓ治疗相比,内镜治疗和 Ｓ Ｓ联合可减少气囊压迫的需求,提高止血率,降低再出血率,进而降低死亡率。     

经内镜结扎和硬化剂治疗食管静脉曲张和门脉高压性胃病的疗效及预后

目的：观察经内镜结扎和硬化剂治疗食管静脉曲张的疗效及对门脉高压性胃病（PHG）的影响。方法;对92例患者随机分为套扎组（n=43)和硬化剂（n=49),分别在治疗后1－3月和1－3年内复查。观察静脉曲张及PHG的转归情况。结果：1－3月内复查套扎组完成26例,其中食管静脉曲张根除12例,曲张减轻12例,无效2例,PHG加重17例。硬化剂组完成29例,其中静脉曲张根除4例,曲张减轻22例,无效3例,PHG加重11例。1－3年内复查套扎组和硬化剂组的再曲张率及再出血率分别为61．5％、46．7％和44．4％．33．3％。结论：近期套扎治疗在根治静脉曲张方面优于硬化剂注射,但更易诱发和加重PHG。而套扎组和硬化剂组远期均可出现再曲张和再出血。两组比较无差异。     

Analysis of pulmonary heme oxygenase-1 and nitric oxide synthase alterations in experimental hepatopulmonary syndrome

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Cirrhosis and portal hypertension due to chronic common bile duct ligation reproduce the features of human hepatopulmonary syndrome, whereas portal hypertension alone due to partial portal vein ligation does not. Nitric oxide contributes to experimental hepatopulmonary syndrome, but the nitric oxide synthase forms involved remain controversial. Recently, increased pulmonary heme oxygenase-1 expression and carbon monoxide production have also been found after common bile duct ligation. Our aim was to explore the role of the heme oxygenase-1/carbon monoxide pathway in the pathogenesis of experimental hepatopulmonary syndrome. METHODS: Pulmonary heme oxygenase-1 expression and distribution were assessed in sham; 3-week partial portal vein ligation; and 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-week common bile duct ligation animals by Northern, Western and immunohistochemical analysis relative to endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase levels and to hepatopulmonary syndrome development. In vivo heme oxygenase enzyme inhibition with tin protoporphyrin IX in common bile duct ligation animals was used to define effects on intrapulmonary vasodilatation and arterial blood gases. RESULTS: Heme oxygenase-1 expression in pulmonary intravascular monocytes/macrophages and arterial carboxyhemoglobin levels increased progressively from 3 to 5 weeks after common bile duct ligation relative to controls (5-week protein levels were 15.94 +/- 1.75-fold those of sham animals; P < 0.001). Inducible nitric oxide synthase increased transiently in pulmonary intravascular monocytes/macrophages in 3-week common bile duct ligation animals, whereas pulmonary microvascular endothelial nitric oxide synthase increases began at 2 weeks and correlated with the onset of hepatopulmonary syndrome. Tin protoporphyrin treatment normalized carboxyhemoglobin and improved arterial blood gases and intrapulmonary vasodilatation, reflecting partial reversal of hepatopulmonary syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: The heme oxygenase-1/carbon monoxide system is an important contributor to the progression of experimental hepatopulmonary syndrome in addition to alterations in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide pathway.     

内镜套扎-部分脾栓塞联合术治疗门脉高压症的临床疗效观察

探讨内镜套扎-部分脾栓塞联合术治疗门脉高压症的临床应用价值。对2 5例合并食道静脉曲张和脾功能亢进的门脉高压患者进行内镜套扎-部分脾栓塞联合术,对其术前术后外周血象、脾脏大小、门静脉、脾静脉内径的变化进行对比研究。联合术后患者食道静脉曲张得到根治,脾功能亢进明显缓解,脾脏缩小(P <0 .0 1)、门静脉、脾静脉内径缩小(P <0 . 0 1)。内镜套扎-部分脾栓塞联合术治疗门脉高压症具有简便、安全、效果显著、创伤小、并发症少等优点,是治疗肝硬化门脉高压症的一种新的途径。     

Effect of aluminum phosphate gel on prevention of early rebleeding after ligation of esophageal variceal hemorrhage

BACKGROUNDLiver cirrhosis is the main cause of portal hypertension. The leading cause of death in patients with liver cirrhosis is its most common complication, esophageal variceal bleeding (EVB). Endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) is recommended by many guidelines to treat EVB and prevent rebleeding; however, esophageal ulcers occur after treatment. Delayed healing of ulcers and unhealed ulcers lead to high rebleeding and mortality rates. Thus, the prevention of early postoperative rebleeding is of great significance in improving the quality of life and prognosis of patients.AIMTo evaluate the efficacy of aluminum phosphate gel (APG) plus a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) in the prevention of early rebleeding after EVL in patients with EVB.METHODSThe medical records of 792 patients who were diagnosed with EVB and in whom bleeding was successfully stopped by EVL at Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Guangdong Province, China from January 2015 to December 2020 were collected. According to the study inclusion and exclusion criteria, 401 cases were included in a PPI-monotherapy group (PPI group), and 377 cases were included in a PPI and APG combination therapy (PPI + APG) group. We compared the incidence rates of early rebleeding and other complications within 6 wk after treatment between the two groups. The two-sample t-test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and chi-squared test were adopted for statistical analyses.RESULTSNo significant differences in age, sex, model for end-stage liver disease score, coagulation function, serum albumin level, or hemoglobin level were found between the two groups. The incidence of early rebleeding in the PPI + APG group (9/337; 2.39%) was significantly lower than that in the PPI group (30/401; 7.48%) (P = 0.001). Causes of early rebleeding in the PPI group were esophageal ulcer (3.99%, 16/401) and esophageal varices (3.49%, 14/401), while those in the PPI + APG group were also esophageal ulcers (5/377; 1.33%) and esophageal varices (4/377; 1.06%); such causes were significantly less frequent in the PPI + APG group than in the PPI group (P = 0.022 and 0.024, respectively). The early mortality rate within 6 wk in both groups was 0%, which was correlated with the timely rehospitalization of all patients with rebleeding and the conduct of emergency endoscopic therapy. The incidence of adverse events other than early bleeding in the PPI + APG group (28/377; 7.43%) was significantly lower than that in the PPI group (63/401; 15.71%) (P < 0.001). The incidence of chest pain in the PPI + APG group (9/377; 2.39%) was significantly lower than that in the PPI group (56/401; 13.97%) (P < 0.001). The incidence of constipation in the PPI + APG group (16/377; 4.24%) was significantly higher than that in the PPI group (3/401; 0.75%) (P = 0.002) but constipation was relieved after patients drank more water or took lactulose. In the PPI and PPI + APG groups, the incidence rates of spontaneous peritonitis within 6 wk after discharge were 0.50% (2/401) and 0.53% (2/377), respectively, and those of hepatic encephalopathy were 0.50% (2/401) and 0.27% (1/377), respectively, presenting no significant difference (P > 0.999).CONCLUSIONPPI + APG combination therapy significantly reduces the incidence of early rebleeding and chest pain in patients with EVB after EVL.     

高位结扎和皮内缝扎治疗原发大隐静脉曲张

目的 探索大隐静脉曲张的外科治疗方法.方法 总结分析56例大隐静脉曲张采用高位结扎加皮内缝扎法治疗及预后.结果 术后患肢疼痛轻,无1例皮下血肿,皮内缝合处无1例感染,术后早期有6例(10.7%)皮内缝合处疼痛较重,半个月后好转,有2例(3.34%)在皮内缝合处有小硬结,经热敷、理疗后消失.所有病人均随访1～6个月,无1例深静脉血栓形成.结论 该术式是一种疗效确切,并发症少的手术方式.     

内镜下套扎联合药物治疗对肝硬化上消化道出血患者hs-CRP水平、肝功能的影响

目的 分析内镜下套扎联合药物治疗对肝硬化上消化道出血患者hs-CRP水平、肝功能的影响.方法 选取本院2017年6月至2020年8月收治且经临床确诊的100例肝硬化上消化道出血患者作为研究对象.根据不同的治疗方法分为联合组(n=52例,内镜下套扎联合奥美拉唑钠治疗)与单一组(n=48例,内镜下套扎治疗),比较两组围手术...