不同血浆置换方式在免疫性疾病及肾移植急性排斥反应中的应用分析

目的探究不同血浆置换方式在免疫性疾病及肾移植急性排斥反应中的应用,为临床实践提供理论依据。方法本研究纳入2016年4月至2018年3月西安市中心医院收治的100例免疫性疾病及肾移植急性排斥反应患者,分为对照组和研究组,每组各50例,对照组给予单重滤过血浆净化,研究组给予双重滤过血浆置换,对比两组患者生化指标、治疗情况、不良反应、预后情况,进行统计学分析。结果研究组治疗后的血浆免疫球蛋白G和抗肾小球基底膜抗体水平低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组不良反应发生率明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组患者住院时间、治疗费用均优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组患者肾功能恢复率明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论免疫性疾病及肾移植急性排斥反应患者实施选择性双重滤过血浆净化,有效改善血液免疫球蛋白G与抗肾小球基底膜抗体水平,缩短治疗时间,提高治疗有效率,降低不良反应,治疗效果显著。     

全腹腔镜ALPPS治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤(附三例报告及文献复习)

目的探讨全腹腔镜联合肝脏离断和门静脉结扎的二步肝切除术(associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy,ALPPS)治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤的治疗选择。方法回顾性分析2019年中国科学技术大学附属第一医院肝脏外科行全腹腔镜ALPPS治疗的1例直肠癌术后肝脏多发转移和2例巨块型肝癌的临床资料,分析围手术期检查指标和术后随访结果以评价该术式的临床应用价值。结果第一步手术均在腹腔镜下行门静脉右支结扎和原位肝实质离断+胆囊切除术,第一次和第二次术前三维可视化结果显示,3例病例术前两次预估剩余肝脏体积分别为221 ml和364 ml,320 ml和532 ml以及332 ml和422 ml,预留肝脏体积较前增加了65%、66%和27%,在剩余肝脏体积比达到安全标准后第二步手术行解剖性右三叶肝切除术,术后对症治疗肝功能逐渐恢复,围手术期无死亡及其他严重并发症,随访至今未见肿瘤复发、无远处转移。结论全腹腔镜下可以安全地、有效地开展ALPPS,预留肝脏短期内能代偿增生。腹腔镜ALPPS为复杂的肝脏恶性肿瘤创造了手术切除的可能性。     

肝静脉剥夺术——残余肝脏不足时手术新思路

肝静脉剥夺术（liver venous deprivation,LVD）是近年来两步法肝切除最新开展的手术方式,以联合应用门静脉栓塞（portal vein embolization,PVE）和肝静脉栓塞（hepatic vein embolization,HVE）的方式来达到使残余肝脏（future liver remnant,FLR）快速增生的目的。LVD相比于之前开展的单纯PVE和联合肝脏分隔和门静脉结扎二步肝切除术（associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy,ALPPS）,在达到了FLR迅速增生的同时,对病人造成更小的损伤,其并发症发生率和病死率也远远低于ALPPS。这也使得更多的肝脏恶性肿瘤病人获得了R0切除的机会。     

胫骨平台骨折的手术治疗策略分析

目的探讨分析手术治疗胫骨平台骨折的策略。方法回顾性分析我院在2011年3月至2013年10月收治的30例胫骨平台骨折患者的手术治疗情况,其中13例患者行双柱支撑固定植骨手术治疗,17例患者行单柱支撑固定植骨手术治疗。结果本组所有患者术后经过1²年时间随访,参照Rasmussen膝关节功能评分,结果治疗优良者26例,优良率为86.7%,其中优17例,良10例,可2例,差1例。结论在确保骨折部良好血运的情况下,首先解剖复位胫骨平台,并进行支撑固定植骨手术治疗的手术治疗效果显著,固定更加持久、稳固,是一种安全有效的手术方法,值得在临床上进一步推广。     

A double mobility acetabular implant for primary hip arthroplasty in patients at high risk of dislocation

IntroductionDislocation following total hip replacement continues to be a problem for which no completely satisfactory solution has been found. Several methods have been proposed to reduce the incidence of hip dislocations with varying degrees of success, including elevated rim liners, constrained liners and large diameter bearings. We present our experience with the double mobility acetabular component in patients at high risk of instability.MethodsThis was a retrospective review of 65 primary total hip arthroplasties in 55 patients (15 men, 40 women), performed between October 2005 and November 2009. The majority (80%) of patients had at least two and 26% had at least three risk factors for instability. The mean age was 76 years (range: 44–92 years). The patients were followed up for a mean duration of 60 months (range: 36–85 months).ResultsFourteen patients died and one was lost to follow-up, leaving fifty hips for final assessment. Until the final follow-up appointment, no patients had dislocation and none required revision surgery. The mean Oxford hip score improved from 45.0 to 26.5 (p<0.0001). The mean Merle d’Aubigné pain score improved from 1.4 to 4.9 (p<0.0001), the walking score from 2.3 to 3.1 (p<0.07) and the absolute hip function score from 5.4 to 10.8 (p<0.0001). There were no clinical or radiographic signs of loosening.ConclusionsThe double mobility acetabular component was successful at preventing dislocation during early to medium-term follow-up. However, as data are still lacking with regard to polyethylene wear rates at the additional bearing surface, it would be prudent to restrict the use of this implant to selected patients at high risk of instability.     

Operating theatre etiquette,sterile technique and surgical site preparation

The operating theatre is an unusual environment and understanding the systems in place there is an important part of surgical training. ‘Non-technical skills’ is a term used to describe everything a surgeon does in the operating theatre, other than the technical aspects of the procedure itself. This includes communication, decision making and leadership. Non-technical skills have become a vital aspect of the development of a surgeon and should form part of training programmes. A fundamental responsibility of the surgeon is the maintenance of sterility. The techniques of the surgical scrub and preparing and draping a patient only become second nature after good teaching and reflection by the surgeon. The purpose of this article is firstly to describe how a surgical trainee can get the most out of an operating session. We will describe what non-technical surgical skills are and why they are important. We will focus on safety in the operating theatre and discuss worldwide strategies such as the ‘Surgical Safety Checklist’ that aims to improve this. Finally we will present data on measures to reduce surgical site infection, such as which surgical scrub solution to use and whether drapes or wound protectors work.     

Osteopontin is an initial mediator of inflammation and liver injury during obstructive cholestasis after bile duct ligation in mice

Osteopontin (OPN) is a chemotactic factor which can be cleaved to the pro-inflammatory form by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). To test the hypothesis that OPN can modulate inflammatory liver injury during cholestasis, wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 and OPN knockout (OPN-KO) mice underwent bile duct ligation (BDL). OPN-KO mice showed significant reduction in liver injury (plasma ALT and necrosis) and neutrophil recruitment compared with WT animals at 24 h but not 72 h after BDL. In WT mice, a 4-fold increase in hepatic MMP-3 mRNA and elevated MMP activities and cleaved OPN levels were observed in bile. WT mice subjected to BDL in the presence of the MMP inhibitor BB-94 showed reduced liver injury, less neutrophil extravasation and diminished levels of cleaved OPN in bile. Thus, during obstructive cholestasis, OPN released from biliary epithelial cells could be cleaved by MMPs in bile. When the biliary system leaks, cleaved OPN enters the parenchyma and attracts neutrophils. In the absence of OPN, other chemoattractants, e.g. chemokines, mediate a delayed inflammatory response and injury. Taken together, our data suggest that OPN is the pro-inflammatory mediator that initiates the early neutrophil-mediated injury phase during obstructive cholestasis in mice.     

子宫动脉上行支结扎预防凶险型前置胎盘产后出血9例探讨

目的探讨应用子宫动脉上行支结扎预防凶险型前置胎盘产后出血的效果。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2014年2月湖北医药学院附属太和医院产科术中行子宫动脉上行支结扎治疗的9例凶险型前置胎盘患者,分析其临床特点、围手术期情况及预后情况。结果治疗后8例患者成功保留子宫,1例患者行子宫次全切除术。术后无一例血栓、晚期产后出血及产褥感染。结论子宫动脉上行支结扎能有效预防凶险型前置胎盘产后出血。