Dose‐Intensified Granulocyte‐Monocyte Apheresis in Therapy Refractory Ulcerative Colitis

Granulocyte‐monocyte apheresis (GMA) is an emerging therapeutic option in active course of ulcerative colitis (UC). Appropriate GMA dose, including total number, frequency, and duration of the individual GMA session, is a matter of debate. It was the aim of the present study to evaluate the efficacy of a dose‐intensified GMA regimen in patients with moderately to severely active UC. A prospective open‐label, single‐center study was performed in 10 patients with active UC (Rachmilewitz Clinical Activity Index [CAI] ≥ 8 points; Rachmilewitz Endoscopic Index ≥ 7 points). Patients had failed to improve after treatment with steroids and/or immunomodulators. GMA was performed twice weekly for 2 h to a maximum of 10 sessions. In each GMA session, the adsorber was changed after 1 h of treatment time. Four patients achieved remission with a CAI ≤ 4 points. Three patients had a response with an improvement of CAI of ≥3 points. Three patients showed no benefit from GMA. The quality of life score determined by the inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire‐Deutschland increased by 26 points in median. First and second filters had similar efficiency in granulocyte and monocyte adsorption. No major adverse effects were observed. Dose‐intensified GMA as reported in this study provided an encouraging short‐term response rate of 70% in patients with moderately to severely active UC not responding to standard steroid or immunomodulator therapy. Although all patients relapsed not later than 16 weeks, GMA might be useful to reduce steroid and immunomodulator usage, or to delay surgery in this patient group.     

单双侧椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折的疗效分析

目的 对比单双侧椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗骨质疏松性单一胸腰椎压缩骨折的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析自2010-06-2013-04北京积水潭医院脊柱科诊治的PKP患者451例,分为单侧和双侧入路组.评价指标:手术时间、透视次数、骨水泥量、VAS评分、椎体高度、Cobb角及骨水泥渗漏.结果 所有患者均顺利完成手术.平均手术时间、骨水泥填充量、平均手术时间、骨水泥注射量、X线曝光时间2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).2组术后VAS评分、平均椎体高度、Cobb角较术前显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).2组骨水泥渗漏率相似,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 单侧入路行PKP治疗骨质疏松性单椎体骨折比双侧入路具有手术时间更短、X线放射次数更少等优点,能取得经双侧入路穿刺相似的治疗效果.     

Double orifice mitral valve; a coincidental finding.

A double orifice mitral valve (DOMV) represents a rare congenital malformation characterised by two valve orifices with two separate subvalvular apparatus. This case demonstrates the necessity of careful imaging of the mitral valve apparatus, not only in patients with atrioventricular septal defects, but also in patients with congenital left obstructive heart disease.     

Virological effects and safety of combined double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) and interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C: A preliminary study.

PURPOSE: In patients with chronic genotype 1b hepatitis C and a high viral load, the viral load was reduced by double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP), followed by combined interferon and ribavirin therapy. The safety and virological effects of this treatment method were preliminarily investigated. METHODS: In nine patients with chronic hepatitis C, DFPP was performed three times on days 1, 2, and 4, and the administration of interferon and ribavirin was initiated immediately after DFPP on day 1. RESULT: The HCV RNA was undetectable in all patients after the plasma was passed through a plasma fractionator (second filter) in the DFPP circuit. After 2 weeks, the HCV RNA tended to decrease in the DFPP group more than in the control group (-2.45+/-1.12 versus -1.57+/-0.95, P=0.073). However, this decrease was not attributable to a sustained virological response (SVR) (22.2% versus 18.2%, P=0.822). Most of the adverse events were caused by the interferon and ribavirin combination therapy. CONCLUSION: DFPP can be safely performed concomitantly with interferon and ribavirin combination therapy in chronic hepatitis C patients. The combination may contribute to an early virological response. The effect of DFPP on the SVR and its significance remain to be clarified.     

婴幼儿动脉导管未闭的微创外科治疗研究

目的总结左腋下直小切口对婴幼儿动脉导管未闭(PDA)患儿微创伤治疗的经验.方法采用左腋下腋中线直小切口第4肋间进胸方法,对72例婴幼儿PDA患儿施行动脉导管结扎术.结果所有病例术野显露清楚,术毕不放置胸腔闭式引流,无手术死亡病例,无喉返神经损伤、导管破裂等并发症,住院时间短(平均住院4.2 d).随访2个月至8年,无导管再通和动脉瘤形成.结论左腋下直小切口动脉导管结扎术, 更适用于婴幼儿PDA患儿,手术安全可靠,并发症少,远期效果满意.     

两种脓毒症模型小鼠血清白细胞介素-6与其早期生存率的关系

目的探讨盲肠结扎穿孔( CLP)、腹腔持续置管引流( CASP)脓毒症模型小鼠血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)与其早期生存率的关系。方法将60只雄性BALB/c小鼠编号,采用数字表法随机分为3组,即假手术组( Sham组)、CLP组、CASP组,各20只。 CLP组小鼠麻醉后,于中下腹正中线做纵行切口,充分暴露并结扎盲肠,用18 G注射器针头在结扎部位远端穿孔并来回贯穿2次,将少量肠内容物挤出,回纳盲肠,缝合腹壁切口。 CASP组术前准备、开腹方式同CLP模型,暴露小鼠升结肠系膜,在其对侧处插入静脉导管,退出针芯,荷包缝合并固定、剪断静脉导管,将游离端放置于腹腔内。用棉签挤压肠管,使少量肠内容物从导管口溢出,以确认导管通畅。 Sham组术前准备、开腹、术后处理同CLP组,不行盲肠结扎、穿孔。观察各组小鼠术后12、24、36、48、60、72 h的生存率。术后6 h采集各组小鼠尾静脉血,采用 ELISA 检测血清 IL-6,比较此时间点3组存活小鼠间 IL-6水平以及CLP组、CASP组的存活和死亡小鼠间IL-6水平。结果 Sham组、CLP组和CASP组术后72 h生存率分别是100.0%(20/20)、45.0%(9/20)和10.0%(2/20),3组间总体比较差异有统计学意义(字2=32.970,P<0.01),两两比较3组间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);3组小鼠生存时间曲线经Log-rank检验,差异有统计学意义(字2=34.030,P<0.05)。术后6 h,Sham组、CLP组、CASP组存活小鼠血清 IL-6水平分别是(36.62依10.30) ng/L、(2443.47依970.50) ng/L、(4057.93依827.41)ng/L,差异均有统计学意义(Hc=29.270,P<0.01);CLP组和CASP组各组内存活小鼠血清IL-6水平平均分别为(1348.80依276.25) ng/L、2100.00 ng/L,明显低于死亡小鼠的(3157.29依330.94)ng/L、(4275.48依512.71)ng/L,CLP组差异有统计学意义(t=13.071,P<0.01)。结论两种脓毒症模型小鼠的转归都有一定的病死率,较好地模拟了脓毒症的病理生理过程,CLP模型侧重于模拟局限性腹腔脓肿,CASP模型则侧重于模拟弥漫性腹膜炎。 CLP组模型术后6 h血清IL-6水平较低的小鼠,术后72 h生存率较高。     

双重血浆吸附联合血浆置换治疗慢加急性乙型肝炎肝衰竭患者临床疗效研究*

目的 探讨应用双重血浆吸附联合血浆置换治疗慢加急性乙型肝炎肝衰竭患者的疗效。方法 2016年9月～2017年10月本院感染病科收治的60例慢加急性乙型肝炎肝衰竭患者被随机分为对照组30例和观察组30例,在综合治疗的基础上分别接受血浆置换和双重血浆吸附联合血浆置换治疗,观察12周。结果 在治疗12周末,观察组凝血酶原时间活动度为(75.3±2.8)%,血清白蛋白水平为(37.0±3.0)g/L和血清总胆红素为(180.2±93.0)μmol/L,与对照组【分别为(60.2±2.1)%、(33.6±2.5)g/L和(232.0±98.3)μmol/L,P＜0.05]比,差异显著;观察组外周血血红蛋白和血小板计数分别为(103.2±22.1)g/L和(80.2±5.9)×10⁹/L,血钾、钠和氯分别为(3.7±0.8)mmol/L、(137.1±5.0)mmol/L和(99.0±7.2)mmol/L,血肌酐水平为(73.2±14.8)μmol/L,与对照组比,无显著差异【分别为(102.6±15.3)g/L、(75.5±6.0)×10⁹/L、(3.7±0.5)mmol/L、(137.5±8.0)mmol/L、(99.1±5.7)mmol/L和(73.5±15.5)μmol/L,P＜0.05】;在治疗12周末,观察组病死率为16.7%,显著低于对照组的33.3%(P＜0.05)。结论 使用双重血浆吸附联合血浆置换治疗慢加急性乙型肝炎肝衰竭患者能够降低近期病死率,其远期效果值得观察。