体重不足1500g早产儿动脉导管未闭的治疗

目的:通过对体重不足1500g的早产儿接受动脉导管早期结扎术者与仅接受消炎痛(indomethacin)治疗者的临床记录回顾性分析来寻找和确定更适当的治疗方法和方向。方法:我们把1996年7月至2003年12月治疗过的40例体重不足1500g的动脉导管未闭早产儿分为接受消炎痛的治疗者与未给予消炎痛而直接接受外科结扎者,对其结果做了比较分析。结果:消炎痛治疗者与外科手术者中的生存者与死亡者进行比较,二者在患者的体重,孕龄,伴随的心脏畸形,动脉导管的大小,消炎痛治疗并发症,机械辅助呼吸时间,ICU住院时间等均无显著性差异(P>0.05);对消炎痛治疗者与外科手术者进行比较,仅在并发症之间有显著性差异(P<0.05),即消炎痛治疗者有7例出现并发症(36.8%),而外科手术者的5例死亡也与患儿的术前状态密切相关。结论:对体重不足1500g的动脉导管未闭早产儿而言,因受消炎痛用药条件的限制、较高的并发症发生率和失败率,早期行动脉导管结扎术不失为有效的治疗手段。     

套扎和硬化夹心联合与单纯硬化治疗食管静脉曲张出血的对比研究

目的了解套扎与硬化夹心联合法治疗食管静脉曲张出血(EVB)能否获得优于单纯硬化(EIS)的疗效。方法84例肝硬化EVB患者随机接受夹心法或单纯EIS治疗(夹心法组43例,EIS组41例)。EIS组硬化剂采用血管旁、内的联合注射法,夹心法组每条曲张静脉结扎2个皮圈,并于其间曲张静脉内注射1～3mL硬化剂。间隔7～12d重复1次内镜治疗,直至静脉曲张消除。结果夹心法组与EIS组静脉曲张消除率相似(93.0%比92.7%),但夹心法组达到消除的平均治疗次数明显减少(1.8±0.6比3.8±1.1),所需平均时间显著缩短[(17.1±7.1)d比(36.5±15.7)d],再出血率与并发症率明显下降(9.3%比31.7%;8.4%比26.8%)。随访期内两组静脉曲张复发率比较差异无显著性(11.6%比14.6%)。结论内镜下套扎与硬化夹心联合法治疗食管静脉曲张出血的疗效优于单纯硬化治疗的疗效。     

单侧颈总动脉结扎治疗颈内动脉颅内段动脉瘤(附8例报道)

目的 探讨颈总动脉结扎治疗颈内动脉颅内段动脉瘤的适应证、手术方法及并发症的预防.方法 8例患者均为DSA确定的颈内动脉颅内段动脉瘤,颈内动脉海绵窦段假性动脉瘤3例,颈内动脉床突旁梭形动脉瘤4例,颈内动脉床突上段梭形动脉瘤1例.其中6例经2周以上压颈（Matas＇ test）试验,一次性结扎颈总动脉,另两例未经压颈（Matas＇ test）试验准备,采用Crutchfield夹缓慢夹闭的方法结扎颈总动脉.结果 8例患者颈总动脉结扎后术前症状均得到改善,CT复查显示动脉瘤内血栓形成.结论 颈总动脉结扎对于一些手术、介入难以处理的颈内动脉颅内段动脉瘤是一种简单、有效的方法,但是存在较高的风险,需要耐心和充分的术前准备.     

脓毒症心肌损害新生大鼠模型的建立

【摘要】 目的 建立一种具有良好稳定性及重复性的能模拟新生儿脓毒症（NS）心肌损害的新生大鼠动物模型,为研究NS致病机制及防治提供模型动物。方法 选取出生10天的健康雄性SD新生大鼠54只,随机分为正常对照组、假手术组（Sham组）、盲肠结扎穿孔术组（CLP组）,每组各18只。通过观察血培养菌落生长,采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）对血清肌钙蛋白I（cTNI）浓度、心肌组织肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF α）和白细胞介素1β（IL 1β）含量进行检测,光镜下观察HE染色后心肌组织的病理变化。结果 正常对照组和Sham组新生大鼠的血培养结果均为阴性,CLP组新生大鼠的血培养中检出以大肠杆菌为主的菌落。正常对照组新生大鼠的血清cTNI浓度、心肌组织TNF α和IL 1β含量和Sham组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;CLP组新生大鼠的血清cTNI浓度、心肌组织TNF α和IL 1β含量较Sham组明显增加（P＜0.05）。正常对照组和Sham组的心肌组织HE染色示心肌细胞均未出现炎性改变,但CLP组心肌细胞周围出现了炎性细胞浸润等病理改变。结论 通过盲肠结扎穿孔可建立较为理想的脓毒症心肌损害新生大鼠模型。     

Test Procedures for Disease Prevalence with Partially Validated Data

Investigating the prevalence of a disease is an important topic in medical studies. Such investigations are usually based on the classification results of a group of subjects according to whether they have the disease. To classify subjects, screening tests that are inexpensive and nonintrusive to the test subjects are frequently used to produce results in a timely manner. However, such screening tests may suffer from high levels of misclassification. Although it is often possible to design a gold-standard test or device that is not subject to misclassification, such devices are usually costly and time-consuming, and in some cases intrusive to the test subjects. As a compromise between these two approaches, it is possible to use data that are obtained by the method of double-sampling. In this article, we derive and investigate four test statistics for testing a hypothesis on disease prevalence with double-sampling data. The test statistics are implemented through both the asymptotic method suitable for large samples and approximate unconditional method suitable for small samples. Our simulation results show that the approximate unconditional method usually produces a more satisfactory empirical type I error rate and power than its asymptotic counterpart, especially for small to moderate sample sizes. The results also suggest that the score test and the Wald test based on an estimate of variance with parameters estimated under the null hypothesis outperform the others. An real example is used to illustrate the proposed methods.     

Is it safe to perform endoscopic band ligation for the duodenum? A pilot study in ex vivo porcine models

Abstract

Aim: In the digestive tract, endoscopic band ligation (EBL) has been routinely used for the treatment of variceal bleeding and superficial malignancies. In recent years, endoscopic treatments for duodenal varices, adenoma, and cancer have also actively incorporated EBL. Although there have been a number of reports on the risks associated with the use of EBL in the esophagus, stomach, and colon, few studies have focused on EBL in the duodenum. We performed EBL procedures to evaluate the risks associated with the use of EBL in the duodenum. Material and methods: Overall, EBLs were performed at nine sites in duodenum sampled from a pig immediately after sacrifice. Submucosal saline injections were placed in three of the nine studied sites. Results: Regardless of saline injection, the full thickness of the duodenal wall was ligated in all attempts. Conclusions: Routine EBL is not recommended in the duodenum because the risk of perforation is unacceptably high.     

Gall Bladder Carcinoma with Ampullary Carcinoma: A Rare Case of Double Malignancy

Simultaneous double cancers in the biliary system are rare. Most are associated with pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM). However, it can occur in patients without PBM. Differentiation between these events is important since these two mechanistic origins imply different stages of disease, as well as different subsequent treatments and prognoses. Herein, we report a case of ampullary carcinoma associated with gall bladder carcinoma diagnosed nonoperatively and palliated with biliary metal stenting.     

胸腔镜下切割缝合器与结扎法相结合治疗肺大疱

目的探讨在胸腔镜(VAT)帮助下切割缝合器与结扎法相结合治疗肺大疱的效果。方法 150例肺大疱随机分为3组,A组在VAT下单纯使用切割缝合器治疗,B组在VAT下单纯使用结扎法治疗,C组在VAT下切割缝合器与结扎法相结合治疗,比较3组术中出血量,手术时间;术后住院费用,病人的血氧饱和度的恢复等。结果应用切割缝合器与结扎法相结合治疗肺大疱各项指标都优于单纯使用一种方法。结论胸腔镜下切割缝合器与结扎法相结合治疗肺大疱值得推广。     

Trisomie 21 et autisme : double diagnostic, évaluation et intervention

Autism is recognized as an additional diagnosis possible in people with Down syndrome. This pathology is still rarely detected and treated in this population in France. This article is a review of the English literature and of studies led during the last fifteen years. Studies have identified the expression of autism clinical signs in children with Down syndrome and the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic instruments for autism in this population despite their cognitive impairments. This paper emphasizes authors’ recommendations about intervention taking into account the dual diagnosis: they encourage the identification of autism as well as early and appropriate intervention for those children whose needs differ from their peers without comorbid disorder. These results show the need to educate professionals about the importance of the detection of autism in children with Down syndrome, and the prevention that could follow.