不同剂量A型肉毒毒素注射治疗痉挛型脑性瘫痪儿童尖足的疗效研究

目的 观察不同剂量A型肉毒毒素（BTX-A）注射联合康复治疗对痉挛型脑性瘫痪患儿尖足的影响。 方法 选取脑性瘫痪患儿107例,按照随机数字表法将其分为A组（35例）、B组（36例）、C组（36例）。BTX-A注射在彩色多普勒超声引导下进行,注射剂量分别为3 U/kg、4 U/kg、5 U/kg,注射后每组均给予4个疗程的康复训练。治疗前及治疗后1、3、6个月,采用改良Tardieu量表（MTS）评定腓肠肌痉挛程度,采用粗大运动功能量表-88（GMFM-88）及儿童平衡量表（PBS）评估患儿粗大运动D、E区及平衡功能。 结果 治疗后,3组患儿MTS、关节角度R1及R2、PBS、GMFM的D区及E区评分均较组内治疗前有不同程度改善,但组间比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。3组患儿注射BTX-A不良反应率比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论 3 U/kg、4 U/kg、5 U/kg的BTX-A注射联合康复训练均能改善痉挛型脑瘫患儿的尖足状态,但不同剂量的疗效差异无统计学意义,推荐剂量为3 U/kg。     

Weekly assessment of number of yoga classes and amount of yoga home practice: Agreement with daily diaries

Objective: To evaluate a weekly yoga practice assessment instrument designed to assess number of classes attended in the previous week, number of times engaged in formal home yoga practice, total number of minutes engaged in formal home yoga practice in the past week, and number of times engaged in informal home yoga practice. “Informal” practice was defined as “in the middle of other activities, you spent a few moments engaged in asanas/postures, focus on breath, body awareness, or very brief meditation, for less than 5 min at a time.” We assessed agreement between this weekly assessment and a daily home practice log.Design and setting: Seventy-two community yoga practitioners completed online daily yoga logs for 28 days as well as the weekly yoga practice assessment four times over the 28 day period.Results: We examined agreement between the two methods on the four indices of amount of weekly yoga practice. We found acceptable agreement between the two methods for number of classes, number of times engaged in formal home practice, and total number of minutes engaged in formal home practice. Agreement was lower for number of times engaged in informal practice.Conclusions: These data provide support for use of a weekly yoga practice assessment to assess number of classes attended and amount of formal but not informal home practice.     

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rifampicin in adults and children in relation to the dosage recommended for children

The dosages of antituberculosis agents recommended for treatment of childhood tuberculosis often reflect those for adult patients with similar mg/kg body weight dosages and ranges advised. Literature relating to the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rifampicin (RMP) is reviewed and the serum concentrations reached by adults, both patients and healthy volunteers and children, established or not established on RMP, compared. Straight line regression of maximum RMP serum concentrations (C(max)) on dosage, weighted for the number of individuals, found slopes (SE) of 1.025 (0.067) and 0.881 (0.046) respectively for adult volunteers not established and established on RMP (P = 0.076), and similarly 0.748 (0.057) and 0.684 (0.038) respectively for adult patients (P < 0.001) and 0.622 (0.050) and 0.368 (0.041) respectively for children (P < 0.001). These results indicate that for equivalent RMP dosages adult patients reach a lower C(max) than adult volunteers and that adults, both volunteers and patients established on RMP reach higher C(max) values than children; children established on RMP require approximately twice the mg/kg body weight dosage of RMP to reach serum concentrations equivalent to those of adults. It is noteworthy that many adult patients receiving currently recommended RMP dosages also do not reach the often recommended RMP 2 h serum concentration of 8 μg/mL.     

Does body weight impact the efficacy of vasopressin therapy in the management of septic shock?

Background

Vasopressors used for the management of septic shock are often dosed according to body weight. Use of vasopressin for physiologic replacement in patients with septic shock is usually administered as a standard non–weight-based dose. We hypothesized that the efficacy of vasopressin may be influenced by body weight.

Purpose

The primary objective was to determine if the effects of vasopressin on other vasopressor dosing requirements is related to body weight. Secondary objectives included evaluation of blood pressure and heart rate after the start of vasopressin infusion.

Methods

A retrospective, cohort study in a large academic health center was conducted. Sixty-four adult inpatients with septic shock (26 medical intensive care unit and 38 surgical intensive care unit) who required vasopressor administration including vasopressin therapy were included. Dosing requirements of vasopressors were captured 1 hour before and during the hour of vasopressin initiation and 2 and 4 hours later. Other information collected during the study period included blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate.

Results

Most of the patients (n = 61) received vasopressin at a dose of 0.04 U/min. Changes in vasopressor dosing were significantly correlated with weight-adjusted vasopressin at 2 hours (correlation coefficient = −0.36, P = .03) and 4 hours (correlation coefficient = −0.46, P < .001). Use of vasopressin was associated with significant increases in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure at each time point compared with baseline.

Conclusions

Effects of vasopressin on catecholamine dosing requirements in the setting of septic shock may be influenced by body weight. Prospective studies are needed to examine weight-based dosing of vasopressin in this setting.