北京市东城区育龄妇女避孕方法知情选择情况及影响因素分析

目的:了解北京市东城区育龄妇女避孕节育知情选择情况,分析其影响因素。方法:采用流行病学横断面调查的方法,用结构式问卷调查600名育龄妇女。统计分析育龄妇女避孕方法知情选择情况,应用CMH卡方检验对其影响因素进行单因素分析,多分类有序logistic分析方法进行多因素分析。结果:597名合格研究对象中,有40.99%的对象对目前使用的主要避孕方法的副作用和特点比较了解,22.24%的对象一般了解。对于"目前使用的避孕方法的决定权",58.64%是由夫妻双方共同决定。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示:外地育龄妇女对避孕方法的了解程度低于本地妇女,(OR=0.463,95%CI:0.298～0.719);去年家庭人均月收入≥3000元的育龄妇女对避孕方法的了解程度高于家庭人均月收入≤1000元的对象(OR=1.849,95%CI:1.029～3.325)。结论:应进一步加强避孕知识和避孕节育知情选择方面的宣传教育,特别是对流动人口、低收入家庭的育龄群众,促进知情选择避孕方法的有效开展。     

Factors influencing GPs' decisions regarding screening for high alcohol consumption: a focus group study in Swedish primary care

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore factors that influence general practitioners' (GPs') decisions regarding screening for high alcohol consumption. METHODS: GPs working at three primary healthcare centres in Sweden participated in focus group interviews. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, and a deductive framework approach was used for the analysis. RESULTS: The majority of the participating GPs did not believe in asking all patients about their alcohol consumption. Reported factors that influenced how many and which patients were questioned about alcohol consumption were time, age of the patient, consultation setting, patient-physician relationship, what symptoms the patient presented with, and knowledge of measures if patients appear to have a high alcohol consumption. Thus, alcohol screening and intervention were not performed in all patient groups as was originally intended, but were performed in limited groups of patients such as those with alcohol-related symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Although the number of participants in this study was small and the conclusions cannot be generalized, the results provide some valuable insights into why GPs are hesitant to engage in screening for high alcohol consumption. Since prevention of alcohol-related health problems is an important public health issue, many different screening and intervention strategies have to be formulated and evaluated in order to reach patients with both hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption within the healthcare system. Screening all consecutive patients for a limited period or screening patient groups known to include a fairly high frequency of high alcohol consumers are two ways of limiting the time requirements and increasing role legitimacy. Still, there is a need for a broader public health strategy involving many players in the community in alcohol preventive measures, especially in more primary preventive approaches.     

Disseminated Pneumocystis Carinii Infection in a Hemophiliac Patient with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

A case of disseminated Pneumocystis carinii (PC) infection in a 28 year old Japanese male hemophiliac with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is reported. The patient had displayed a high fever and diffuse faint interstitial infiltrates on chest X-ray films without dyspnea three months before his death. At that time, no PC was detected after four consecutive induced sputum tests. Serum anti-cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgM was positive by EIA. No treatment for PC and CMV was given at the patient's request. Autopsy findings disclosed disseminated PC infection consisting of granulomas with caseation like necrosis and frothy exudate in the lungs and disseminated organized calcification in the blood vessels of extrapulmonary organs. PC cysts and/or trophozoites were detected in these lesions. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 262-266, 1992.     

Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis

Summary Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis is an unusual condition characterized by the development of numerous nodules in the peritoneal cavity which histologically have the appearance of smooth muscle tumors. The ninth proven case of this ill-understood disorder is presented here, with comments on some of the other published instances. Most reported cases were diagnosed in pregnant women, and there is good reason to believe that endocrine factors are of importance in the development of this condition. Attention is drawn to experimental studies in which an apparently similar condition has been produced in guinea pigs by endocrine manipulation. Clinically, the condition appears to be benign and the correct diagnosis is, therefore, of great importance. In the case presented here histological involution of the leiomyomatous peritoneal nodules could be demonstrated for the first time by two biopsies at an interval of 4 months — in the absence of any therapy apart from the termination of pregnancy.     

经血传播疾病对从事血液检验人员的职业危害与防护

血液是包括乙肝病毒(HBV)、丙肝病毒(HCV)、艾滋病(HIV)、梅毒等20多种经血传播疾病病原体的传播载体。从事血液检验工作者(实验人员、标本采集的护理人员和清洁工人)每天接触各种疾病的患者、患者的血液及被其污染的器械,在标本采集、标本处理、实验操作和卫生清洁过程中常会被带有经血传播疾病病原体的锐器损伤,皮肤、黏膜、衣物被污染和泼溅等意外的发生,随时都有可能发生职业感染危险。随着当前经血传播疾病的迅速蔓延,从事检验工作的人员职业危害日趋严重。为了减少医源性感染,必须注意检验工作中的职业危害与防护。1血液检验人员…     

Disseminated infection ofPneumocystis carinii in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Summary This report describes the histopathology of a disseminatedPneumocystis carinii infecton in a 24-year-old Japanese male haemophiliac diagnosed as having the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. He developed respiratory symptoms, andPneumocystis carinii pneumonia was confirmed by transbronchial lung biopsy. On the 70th day of hospitalization the patient died. Autopsy findings revealedPneumocystis carinii not only in the lungs but also in the stomach, jejunum, ileum, colon, mesoappendix, abdominal lymph nodes, diaphragm, and thyroid gland.Contribution No. 627 from the Department of Medical Zoology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine     

Training substance abuse treatment organizations to adopt evidence-based practices: the Addiction Technology Transfer Center of New England Science to Service Laboratory

Underutilization of evidence-based treatments for substance abuse represents a longstanding problem for the field and the public health of our nation. Those who would most benefit from research advances (community treatment agencies and the clients they serve) have historically been the least likely to be exposed to innovative evidence-based methods for substance abuse treatment. To help address this gap, the Addiction Technology Transfer Center of New England (ATTC-NE), located at Brown University, has adapted and implemented an organizational change strategy intended to equip substance abuse treatment organizations and their employees with the skills needed to adopt evidence-based treatment practices. Since 2003, the ATTC-NE has worked with 54 community-based substance abuse treatment agencies from across New England using this model, which is called Science to Service Laboratory (SSL). Twenty-eight of 54 agencies completed all of the SSL components, and 26 of these 28 completer agencies (96%) successfully adopted and implemented contingency management as a result. Survey data comparing completer and dropout agencies' satisfaction with the quality, organization, and utility of the SSL indicate that both groups rated the SSL favorably. However, differences emerged with respect to organizational characteristics between completer and dropout agencies. Specifically, dropout agencies were more likely to report turnover in staff positions vital to training effort. Future directions for the model are discussed.     

基于CiteSpace的我国中医药传播研究现状及热点分析

目的:分析我国中医药传播研究现状及热点,为今后的研究提供参考.方法:从中国知网(CNKI)数据库中获得2010-2020年发表的900篇相关文献,利用Excel和CiteSpace软件进行文献计量学分析.结果:2010-2020年中医药传播研究领域发文量总体呈上升趋势,但相关研究文献大多发表在中医药期刊上,发表在核心期...