Influence of Imidazole-Dipeptides on Cognitive Status and Preservation in Elders: A Narrative Review

The worldwide increase in the number of patients with dementia is becoming a growing problem, while Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a primary neurodegenerative disorder, accounts for more than 70% of all dementia cases. Research on the prevention or reduction of AD occurrence through food ingredients has been widely conducted. In particular, histidine-containing dipeptides, also known as imidazole dipeptides derived from meat, have received much attention. Imidazole dipeptides are abundant in meats such as poultry, fish, and pork. As evidenced by data from recent human intervention trials conducted worldwide, daily supplementation of carnosine and anserine, which are both imidazole dipeptides, can improve memory loss in the elderly and reduce the risk of developing AD. This article also summarizes the latest researches on the biochemical properties of imidazole dipeptides and their effects on animal models associated with age-related cognitive decline. In this review, we focus on the results of human intervention studies using supplements of poultry-derived imidazole dipeptides, including anserine and carnosine, affecting the preservation of cognitive function in the elderly, and discuss how imidazole dipeptides act in the brain to prevent age-related cognitive decline and the onset of dementia.     

Evaluation of Serum Zinc Status of Pregnant Women in the China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance (CACDNS) 2015

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum zinc status of pregnant women in the China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance (CACDNS) in 2015–2016. Methods: A total of 7147 apparently healthy pregnant women were randomly selected in 302 national monitoring sites. Information on age, race, residence region, education, pregnancy, and family income per annum was collected, and the concentration of serum zinc was determined. The evaluation of serum zinc status was further performed according to the recommendations by the International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group (IZiNCG). Results: The median concentration of serum zinc was 858.9 μg/L with an interquartile range (IQR) of 712.9 μg/L and 1048.9 μg/L, while the overall prevalence of zinc deficiency was 3.5% with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 3.0% and 3.9%. Serum zinc status of pregnant women changed greatly in the different categories, particular in pregnancy and family income per annum (p < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed in the prevalence of zinc deficiency (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The lower prevalence of zinc deficiency generally indicated a better zinc status for pregnant women in the CACDNS in 2015–2016. However, a well-designed evaluation system of zinc status for pregnant women should be continually optimized and improved by inducing more parameters such as biochemical, dietary, or functional indicators.     

The Application of Creatine Supplementation in Medical Rehabilitation

Numerous health conditions affecting the musculoskeletal, cardiopulmonary, and nervous systems can result in physical dysfunction, impaired performance, muscle weakness, and disuse-induced atrophy. Due to its well-documented anabolic potential, creatine monohydrate has been investigated as a supplemental agent to mitigate the loss of muscle mass and function in a variety of acute and chronic conditions. A review of the literature was conducted to assess the current state of knowledge regarding the effects of creatine supplementation on rehabilitation from immobilization and injury, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiopulmonary disease, and other muscular disorders. Several of the findings are encouraging, showcasing creatine’s potential efficacy as a supplemental agent via preservation of muscle mass, strength, and physical function; however, the results are not consistent. For multiple diseases, only a few creatine studies with small sample sizes have been published, making it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. Rationale for discordant findings is further complicated by differences in disease pathologies, intervention protocols, creatine dosing and duration, and patient population. While creatine supplementation demonstrates promise as a therapeutic aid, more research is needed to fill gaps in knowledge within medical rehabilitation.     

2017—2019年攀枝花市某医院心血管疾病住院患者疾病谱及住院费用分析

目的 分析心血管疾病住院患者疾病谱及住院费用,了解疾病构成的规律特点及经济负担,为心内科疾病诊治工作提供参考依据。方法 回顾性分析攀枝花市某三级医院2017—2019年心血管疾病住院患者资料,从医院相关管理信息系统中导出诊断为心血管疾病的病例条目、详细病历及病例住院费用等数据,采用描述流行病学分析方法对心血管疾病住院患者资料进行分析。结果 共纳入心血管疾病住院患者11 376例,2017—2019年分别有3 492、3 815、4 069例,分别占30.7%、33.5%、35.8%,病例数逐年上升。3年间心血管疾病住院患者的性别分布差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,年龄分布差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）,心血管疾病住院患者发病呈年轻化趋势。病种均以冠心病和高血压所占比例最大,合计分别占当年心血管疾病住院患者的57.6%、55.5%,2019年则上升至62.8%。3年间心血管疾病住院患者有伴发疾病比例（27.6%、26.1%、25.4%）差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。心血管疾病住院患者住院天数分布差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）,2019年的患者住院时间<7 d的比例有所上升。2017、2018、2019年该医院心血管疾病住院患者诊治自费费用分别为（5 925.6±285.7）、（5 904.2±264.3）、（5 890.9±230.8）元/人,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论 2017—2019年攀枝花市某医院心血管疾病住院患者病例数增加,住院患者发病年龄有年轻化趋势,主要病种仍以冠心病和高血压为主,住院天数及自费费用呈下降趋势。     

人工智能联合肺部低剂量CT在新型冠状病毒肺炎诊断中的应用评价

目的:探讨人工智能(AI)与肺部低剂量CT(LDCT)联合应用于新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)中有效降低辐射剂量的可行性方案。方法:选取在医院就诊的216例COVID-19住院患者,采用随机数表法将其分为常规剂量CareDose模式的80150mAs组、低剂量CareDose模式的2150mAs组和人工固定低管电流模式的20mAs组,每组72例。3组患者扫描图像由AI阅片,并由3位高级职称的放射专家双盲评判图像质量和检出符合率;对比分析3组CT剂量指数(CTDI_vol)、剂量长度乘积(DLP)和有效剂量(ED)。结果:2150mAs组图像主观评分和诊断符合率接近80150mAs组,且明显优于20mAs组。2150mAs组CTDI_vol、DLP和ED均显著低于80150mAs组,3组比较差异具有统计学意义(F=514.05,F=589.02,F=246.96;P<0.05)。结论:AI联合低剂量自动管电流调制技术能够显著降低COVID-19患者CT检查中的辐射剂量,且不影响诊断检出率。     

渐进式心脏运动康复护理对冠心病经皮冠状动脉介入术后患者心功能的影响

目的探讨冠心病经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)治疗患者,在术后早期进行渐进式心脏运动康复护理干预对患者心功能的影响。方法选择2017-2018年营口市中心医院收治的冠心病并行PCI患者120例,随机分为对照组和干预组各60例。对照组进行常规护理,干预组在对照组基础上在术后进行6个月的渐进式心脏运动康复护理干预,对比干预后两组心功能改善情况。结果两组干预后射血分数(LVEF)均提高,干预前后组内及干预后组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组术前LVEF<50%者,干预后LVEF均增加,组内干预前后LVEF相比差异有统计学意义(PC0.05),组间干预后LVEF相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组术前LVEF为50%?60%者,组内干预前后及组间干预后LVEF差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组术前LVEF>60%者,干预前后组内和组间LVEF相比,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论渐进式心脏运动康复护理干预能够改善冠心病行PCI治疗患者术后的心脏泵血能力,但是这种效果受患者术前LVEF水平的影响。     

公立医院优势学科病种绩效管理研究:以骨科为例

目的从循证视角建立公立医院优势学科病种绩效管理工具。方法以波士顿矩阵理论为指导,以“病种均次毛利率、病种均次住院日”为主要指标,“日均毛利率”为辅助指标,采用Microsoft office EXCEL 365 软件进行分析。结果2019年骨科平均住院日为4.99 d,均次平均毛利率为23.62%,日均毛利率平均值为4.73%。骨科200例以上病种、不同亚专科病区病种、同一亚专科病区内不同病种、不同亚专科病区相同病种,绩效均存在差异。结论 管理者应对不同病种绩效指标进行适当校正,探索精细化病种诊疗与管理模式。     

The Effect of Intravenous Magnesium Sulphate as an Adjuvant in the Treatment of Acute Exacerbations of COPD in the Emergency Department: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial

BackgroundAcute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) are serious complications that often require immediate intervention in an emergency department (ED). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intravenous magnesium sulphate as an adjuvant in the treatment of AECOPD in the ED.MethodsIn a double-blind, randomized clinical trial, a total of 60 patients with AECOPD presenting to the ED of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari, Iran, were included. The study was conducted between September 2016 and February 2018. Eligible patients were randomly allocated into two groups of intervention and control. Patients in the intervention and control groups received intravenous infusion of magnesium sulfate (2 gr) or normal saline over 30 minutes, respectively. For all patients, Borgdyspnea score, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) result and clinical variables of interest were evaluated before the beginning of the intervention, and also 45 minutes and 6 hours after the commencement of intervention.ResultsRegardless of time of evaluation, pulse rate (PR), respiratory rate (RR) and Borg score in intervention group was lower than control group. Also, FEV1 and SPO2 were greater in intervention group compared to control group. However, these differences were not statistically significant (between-subject differences or group effect) (p<0.001). The trends of FEV1, SPO2, PR, RR and Borg score were similar between two groups of study (no interaction effect; P>0.05).ConclusionAccording to the results of this study, it seems that using intravenous magnesium sulfate has no significant effect on SPO2, FEV1, RR, and PR of patients with AECOPD who presented to ED.     

SARS-CoV-2对生育的影响

近年严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2,SARS-CoV-2）大流行对人类健康造成了威胁。研究表明,SARS-CoV-2对人类生育能力有潜在影响,对男性生育力的影响远大于女性。目前研究表明接种疫苗可能不会对人类的生育能力存在不利影响。感染SARS-CoV-2会不会发生性传播、垂直传播及母婴传播,从而对下一代产生影响,目前暂不清楚。尚需要从生殖医学科、传染病学科角度探讨SARS-CoV-2及其疫苗对生育的影响,并讨论可能存在的性传播、垂直传播和母婴传播,以提高对SARS-CoV-2及其疫苗的认识。     

2021年ACOG关于产后阶梯式多模式药物镇痛的建议及要点解读

产后疼痛是困扰产妇的常见问题,如治疗不当可能会导致阿片类药物滥用、产后抑郁和疼痛长期存在等不良后果。因此,美国妇产科医师学会（American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists,ACOG）于2021年9月提出了针对产后疼痛的临床共识,专门对产后疼痛的一般管理、阴道分娩、剖宫产术后、母乳喂养时及出院后疼痛的处置给出了治疗建议与指导,强调了阶梯式多模式药物镇痛方法与个体化用药原则。推荐临床用药可遵循“非阿片类镇痛药（如对乙酰氨基酚和非甾体抗炎药）—弱阿片类药物—强阿片类药物（必要时）”阶梯式给药原则,并可合理联合用药。对此进行简要介绍与要点解读。